1. Isiseko sethiyori
Oku kubonakala kwifomyula yolwakhiwo apho i-hydrogen (Na+)I-CMCKulula kakhulu ukwahlukana kwisisombululo samanzi (ngokubanzi sikhona ngendlela yetyuwa yesodiyam), ngoko ke i-CMC ikhona ngendlela ye-anion kwisisombululo samanzi, oko kukuthi, inetshaja engalunganga kwaye i-amphoteric. Xa i-pH yeproteni iphantsi kune-isoelectric point, amandla ayo okubopha iqela le-COO leprotoni makhulu kakhulu kunamandla eqela le-NH3+ okunika iprotoni, ngoko ke inetshaja echanekileyo. Kubisi, i-80% yeproteni yi-casein, kwaye i-isoelectric point ye-casein imalunga ne-4.6, kwaye i-pH yeziselo zobisi ezi-acidic ngokubanzi yi-3.8-4.2, ngoko ke phantsi kweemeko ze-acid, i-CMC kunye neproteni yobisi zinokudityaniswa ngokutsala itshaja, zenze isakhiwo esizinzileyo, kwaye zinokufunxwa kwiproteni. Ifilimu ekhuselayo yenziwa ngeenxa zonke kuyo, kwaye olu phawu lwe-CMC lubizwa ngokuba yi-microcapsule embedding binding characteristic.
2. Ifomula ecetyiswayo yesiselo sobisi esine-asidi
(1) Ifomyula esisiseko yesiselo sobisi esidityanisiweyo (ngokwe-1000Kg):
Ubisi olutsha (umgubo wobisi olupheleleyo) 350 (33) Kg
Iswekile emhlophe 50Kg
I-sweetener edityanisiweyo (izihlandlo ezingama-50) 0.9Kg
I-CMC 3.5～6Kg
I-Monoglyceride 0.35Kg
I-sodium citrate 0.8Kg
I-asidi ye-citric 3Kg
I-asidi yelactic (80%) 1.5Kg
Phawula:
1) Umgubo wobisi ungathathelwa indawo yiproteni efakwe i-hydrolyzed kancinci, iproteni yokulawula ≥ 1%.
2) I-asidi yokugqibela yemveliso ilawulwa malunga nama-50-60°T.
3) Izinto ezinyibilikayo ezinyibilikayo 7.5% ukuya kwi-12%.
(2) Ifomula yesiselo sebhaktheriya ye-lactic acid (ngokwe-1000Kg):
Ubisi olubilisiwe 350～600Kg
Iswekile emhlophe 60Kg
I-sweetener edityanisiweyo (izihlandlo ezingama-50) 1Kg
I-CMC 3.2～8Kg
I-Monoglyceride 0.35Kg
I-sodium citrate 1kg
Ubungakanani obuphakathi be-citric acid
Qaphela: Sebenzisa isisombululo se-citric acid ukulungisa i-asidi yobisi, kwaye i-asidi yokugqibela yemveliso ilawulwa malunga nama-60-70°T.
3. Amanqaku aphambili okukhethwa kwe-CMC
I-FH9 kunye ne-FH9 Extra High (FVH9) zihlala zikhethwa kwiziselo zeyogathi ezixutyiweyo. I-FH9 inencasa etyebileyo, kwaye isixa esongeziweyo yi-0.35% ukuya kwi-0.5%, ngelixa i-FH9 Extra High ihlaziya ngakumbi kwaye inefuthe elihle lokwandisa ukulungiswa, kwaye isixa esongeziweyo yi-0.33% ukuya kwi-0.45%.
Iziselo zebhaktiriya ye-lactic acid zihlala zikhetha i-FL100, i-FM9 kunye ne-FH9 ephezulu kakhulu (ziveliswa yinkqubo ekhethekileyo). I-FL100 ngokubanzi yenziwa iimveliso ezinencasa etyebileyo kunye nobomi obude beshelufu. Isixa esongeziweyo yi-0.6% ukuya kwi-0.8%. I-FM9 yeyona mveliso isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukuhambelana kwayo kuphakathi, kwaye imveliso inokufikelela kubomi obude beshelufu. Isixa esongeziweyo yi-0.45% ukuya kwi-0.6%. Imveliso yesiselo sebhaktiriya ye-lactic acid ephezulu ye-FH9 ityebile kodwa ayinamafutha, kwaye isixa esongeziweyo sinokuba ncinci, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi. Ifanelekile ukwenza isiselo sebhaktiriya ye-lactic acid eninzi. , isixa esongeziweyo yi-0.45% ukuya kwi-0.6%.
4. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-CMC
Ukuchithwa kweI-CMC: Uxinzelelo ludla ngokunyibilika kwisisombululo samanzi se-0.5%-2%. Kungcono ukunyibilikisa ngomxube okhawulezayo. Emva kokuba i-CMC inyibilikisiwe malunga nemizuzu eli-15-20, dlula kwi-colloid mill uze upholise ukuya kuma-20-40°C ukuze uyisebenzise kamva.
5. Amanqaku ekufuneka aqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yotywala bobisi obuneasidi
Umgangatho wobisi olungavuthwanga (kuquka ubisi olulungisiweyo): ubisi olusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ubisi lwe-mastitis, i-colostrum, kunye nobisi lokugqibela alufanelekanga ukwenza iziselo zobisi ezine-asidi. Iinxalenye zeproteni zezi ntlobo zine zobisi ziye zatshintsha kakhulu. Ukuxhathisa, ukuxhathisa i-asidi, kunye nokuxhathisa ityuwa nako kuphantsi, kwaye kuchaphazela incasa yobisi.
Ukongeza, ezi ntlobo zine zobisi ziqulathe inani elikhulu leentlobo ezine zee-enzymes (i-lipase, i-protease, i-phosphatase, i-catalase), ezi enzymes zinentsalela engaphezulu kwe-10% nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu be-140 ℃, ezi enzymes ziya kuvuselelwa ngexesha lokugcinwa kobisi. Ngexesha lokugcina, ubisi luya kubonakala lunuka, lukrakra, luthambile, njl.njl., nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ngqo ubomi beshelufu yemveliso. Ngokubanzi, uvavanyo olulinganayo notywala lwe-75%, uvavanyo lokubilisa, i-pH kunye ne-titration acidity yobisi zinokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ngokukhetha. Ubisi olungavuthwanga, uvavanyo lotywala lwe-75% kunye novavanyo lokubilisa lobisi oluqhelekileyo alunabungozi, i-pH iphakathi kwe-6.4 kunye ne-6.8, kwaye i-acidity yi-≤18°T. Xa i-acidity i-≥22°T, ukujiya kweproteni kwenzeka xa kubiliswa, kwaye xa i-pH ingaphantsi kwe-6.4, ikakhulu yi-colostrum okanye ubisi lweSourdough, xa i-pH>6.8 ikakhulu lubisi lwe-mastitis okanye ubisi olune-acidity ephantsi.
(1) Amanqaku ekufuneka aqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yeziselo zobisi ezixutyiweyo ezine-asidi
Ukulungiswa kweyogathi: Ukulungiswa kobisi olulungisiweyo: Yongeza kancinci umgubo wobisi emanzini ashushu axutyiweyo kwi-50-60°C (lawula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ukuba abe ngaphezulu kwe-10 yobungakanani bomgubo wobisi) uze unyibilikise ngokupheleleyo imizuzu eli-15-20 (kungcono ukuwugaya nge-colloid) Kanye xa sele ugqibile), pholisa ukuya kuma-40°C ukuze uyisebenzise kamva.
Lungisa isisombululo se-CMC ngokwendlela yokusebenzisa i-CMC, yongeze kubisi olulungisiweyo, uxube kakuhle, uze ulinganise ngamanzi (nciphisa ubungakanani bamanzi ahlala kwisisombululo se-asidi).
Yongeza kancinci, rhoqo, kwaye ngokulinganayo isisombululo se-asidi ebisini, kwaye uqaphele ukulawula ixesha lokongeza i-asidi phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-1.5 kunye ne-2. Ukuba ixesha lokongeza i-asidi lide kakhulu, iproteni ihlala kwindawo ye-isoelectric ixesha elide kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iproteni iguquguquke kakhulu. Ukuba lifutshane kakhulu, ixesha lokusasazeka kwe-asidi lifutshane kakhulu, i-asidi yendawo yobisi iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iproteni iguquguquka kakhulu. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubushushu bobisi kunye ne-asidi akufuneki bube phezulu kakhulu xa ufaka i-asidi, kwaye kungcono ukuyilawula kwi-20-25°C phakathi.
Ngokubanzi, ubushushu bendalo bobisi bungasetyenziselwa ukwenza ubisi lube nombala ofanayo, kwaye uxinzelelo lulawulwa kwi-18-25Mpa.
Ubushushu bokubulala iintsholongwane: Iimveliso emva kokubulala iintsholongwane zihlala zisebenzisa i-85-90°C imizuzu engama-25-30, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zihlala zisebenzisa ukubulala iintsholongwane kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwi-137-140°C imizuzwana emi-3-5.
(2) Amanqaku ekufuneka aqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yesiselo sebhaktheriya ye-lactic acid
Linganisa umxholo weproteni yobisi, yongeza umgubo wobisi ukuze wenze iproteni yobisi ibe phakathi kwe-2.9% kunye ne-4.5%, nyusa ubushushu bube yi-70-75°C, lungisa uxinzelelo lwe-homogenizer ukuya kwi-18-20Mpa ukuze i-homogenize, uze usebenzise i-90-95°C, 15- Pasteurize imizuzu engama-30, upholise ukuya kwi-42-43°C, faka iinkozo ezilungisiweyo kwi-2%-3%, uvuselele imizuzu eli-10-15, cima ukuxuba, kwaye ugcine ubushushu obungaguqukiyo be-41-43°C ukuze ivuthwe. Xa i-asidi yobisi ifikelela kwi-85-100°T, ukuvutshelwa kuyamiswa, kwaye ipholiswa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-15-20°C ngepleyiti ebandayo uze ugalelwe kwisitya ukuze isetyenziswe kamva.
Ukuba umxholo weproteni kubisi uphantsi, kuya kubakho i-whey eninzi kubisi oluvundisiweyo, kwaye ii-protein flocs ziya kubonakala lula. Ukufakelwa kwe-pasteurization kuma-90-95°C kunceda ekutshintsheni okuphakathi kweproteni kwaye kuphucula umgangatho wobisi oluvundisiweyo. Ukuba ubushushu bokuvundiswa buphantsi kakhulu okanye Ukuba ubungakanani be-inoculum buncinci kakhulu, ixesha lokuvundiswa liya kuba lide kakhulu, kwaye iibhaktheriya ziya kukhula kakhulu, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela incasa kunye nobomi beshelufu yemveliso. Ukuba ubushushu buphezulu kakhulu okanye ubungakanani be-inoculum bukhulu kakhulu, ukuvundiswa kuya kuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, i-whey iya kutsalwa ngaphezulu okanye kuza kuveliswa amaqhuma eproteni, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ukuzinza kwemveliso. Ukongeza, iintlobo ze-once-time nazo zingakhethwa xa kukhethwa iintlobo, kodwa iintlobo ezine-acidity ebuthathaka emva kwe-acidity kufuneka zikhethwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
PholisaI-CMCulwelo ukuya kwi-15-25°C uze uluxube nobisi ngokulinganayo, uze usebenzise amanzi ukwenza umthamo (unciphise ubungakanani bamanzi ahlala kulwelo olune-asidi), uze wongeze ulwelo olune-asidi kulwelo lobisi kancinci, rhoqo nangokulinganayo (kungcono i-asidi ngokutshiza). Xuba kakuhle uze ubeke ecaleni.
Ngokubanzi, ubushushu bendalo bobisi bungasetyenziselwa ukwenza ubisi lube nombala ofanayo, kwaye uxinzelelo lulawulwa kwi-15-20Mpa.
Ubushushu bokubulala iintsholongwane: iimveliso emva kokubulala iintsholongwane zihlala zisebenzisa i-85-90°C imizuzu engama-25-30, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zihlala zisebenzisa ukubulala iintsholongwane kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kwi-110-121°C imizuzwana emi-4-5 okanye i-95-105°C imizuzwana engama-30.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-25-2024