1. Ishingiro ry'inyigisho
Bigaragara mu buryo bw'imiterere y'imiterere y'imashini ko hydrogen (Na+) iri kuriCMCBiroroshye cyane gutandukanya mu gisubizo cy’amazi (muri rusange kibaho mu buryo bwa sodium salt), bityo CMC iba mu buryo bwa anion mu gisubizo cy’amazi, ni ukuvuga ko ifite charge negative kandi ikaba amphoteric. Iyo pH ya poroteyine iri hasi ugereranyije n’ingingo ya isoelectric, ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza itsinda rya -COO- rya proton buba buruta cyane ubushobozi bw’itsinda rya -NH3+ bwo gutanga proton, bityo ikaba ifite charge nziza. Mu mata, 80% bya poroteyine ni casein, kandi Igice cya isoelectric cya casein ni hafi 4.6, naho pH y’ibinyobwa by’amata aside rusange ni 3.8-4.2, bityo rero mu bihe by’aside, CMC na poroteyine y’amata bishobora gukururwa no gukurura charge, bigakora imiterere ihamye, kandi bishobora kwinjiza muri poroteyine. Agakoresho k’uburinzi karakorwa hirya no hino, kandi iyi mikorere ya CMC yitwa microcapsule embedding binding characteristic.
2. Ifuru y'ibinyobwa by'amata bifite aside itangwa
(1) Ifuru y'ibanze y'ikinyobwa cy'amata avanze aside (dukurikije 1000Kg):
Amata mashya (ifu y'amata yose) 350 (33) Kg
Isukari yera 50Kg
Isukari ivanze (inshuro 50) 0.9Kg
CMC 3.5～6Kg
Monoglyceride 0.35Kg
Sodiyumu citrate 0.8Kg
aside citrike 3Kg
aside lactic (80%) 1.5Kg
Icyitonderwa:
1) Ifu y'amata ishobora gusimburwa na poroteyine yahiye gato, poroteyine igenzura ≥ 1%.
2) Ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bw'umusaruro bugenzurwa kuri dogere 50-60.
3) Ibintu bikomeye bishobora gushonga kuva kuri 7.5% kugeza kuri 12%.
(2) Ifuru y'ibinyobwa bya bagiteri ya aside lactic (dukurikije 1000Kg):
Amata ashyushye 350～600Kg
Isukari yera 60Kg
Uburyohe bw'ibinyabutabire (inshuro 50) 1Kg
CMC 3.2～8Kg
Monoglyceride 0.35Kg
Sodiyumu citrate 1Kg
Ingano iringaniye ya aside citric
Icyitonderwa: Koresha umuti wa aside citric kugira ngo uhindure aside mu mata, kandi aside ya nyuma y'umuti igenzurwa kuri dogere 60-70.
3. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo CMC
FH9 na FH9 Extra High (FVH9) muri rusange bitoranywa mu binyobwa bivanze bya yawurute. FH9 ifite uburyohe bwinshi, kandi ingano y’inyongera ni 0.35% kugeza 0.5%, mu gihe FH9 Extra High irushaho kuryoha kandi igira ingaruka nziza zo kongera uburyo bwo kuyihindura, naho ingano y’inyongera ni 0.33% kugeza 0.45%.
Ibinyobwa bya bagiteri ya aside lactic muri rusange bihitamo FL100, FM9 na FH9 ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru cyane (byakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye). FL100 muri rusange ikorwamo ibintu bifite uburyohe bwinshi kandi bimara igihe kirekire. Ingano y'inyongera ni 0.6% kugeza 0.8%. FM9 ni yo ikoreshwa cyane. Ingano ni iringaniye, kandi ibicuruzwa bishobora kumara igihe kirekire. Ingano yiyongereyeho ni 0.45% kugeza 0.6%. Umusaruro w'ikinyobwa cya bagiteri ya aside lactic ya FH9 ni mwinshi ariko ntabwo ari amavuta, kandi ingano yiyongereyeho ishobora kuba nto, kandi igiciro ni gito. Ikwiriye gukora ikinyobwa cya bagiteri ya aside lactic ya aside. , ingano yiyongereyeho ni 0.45% kugeza 0.6%.
4. Uburyo bwo gukoresha CMC
Guseswa kwaCMC: Ubusanzwe ikigero cy’amazi gishonga mu buryo busanzwe mu mazi angana na 0.5%-2%. Ni byiza gushonga ukoresheje imashini ivangavanga yihuta cyane. Nyuma y’uko CMC ishongeshejwe mu gihe cy’iminota 15-20, nyura mu cyuma gisya amazi hanyuma ukonje kugeza kuri 20-40°C kugira ngo uzakoreshe nyuma.
5. Ingingo zo kwitabwaho mu gikorwa cyo kunywa amata aside
Ubwiza bw'amata mabi (harimo n'amata yahinduwe): amata arwanya udukoko, amata ya mastite, colostrum, n'amata ya nyuma ntabwo bikwiriye gukorwamo ibinyobwa by'amata aside. Ibice bya poroteyine by'ubu bwoko bune bw'amata byahindutse cyane. Ubudahangarwa, ubudahangarwa bw'aside, n'ubudahangarwa bw'umunyu nabyo ni bibi, kandi bigira ingaruka ku buryohe bw'amata.
Byongeye kandi, ubwo bwoko bune bw'amata bugizwe n'ubwoko bune bwinshi bwa enzymes (lipase, protease, phosphatase, catalase), izi enzymes zifite ibisigazwa birenga 10% ndetse no ku bushyuhe buri hejuru cyane bwa 140 ℃, izi enzymes zizasubira mu gihe cyo kubika amata. Mu gihe cyo kubika, amata azagaragara nk'anuka, asharira, afite ibinure, nibindi, bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gihe ibicuruzwa bizamara. Muri rusange, ikizamini cya 75% cy'alcool, ikizamini cyo guteka, pH na aside ya titration y'amata birashobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma amata neza. Amata mabi, ikizamini cya 75% cy'alcool n'ikizamini cyo guteka amata asanzwe ni bibi, pH iri hagati ya 6.4 na 6.8, naho aside ikaba ≤18°T. Iyo aside iri ≥22°T, poroteyine zifatana iyo zitetse, kandi iyo pH iri munsi ya 6.4, ahanini iba amata ya colostrum cyangwa Sourdough, iyo pH >6.8 ahanini iba amata ya mastite cyangwa amata afite aside nke.
(1) Ingingo zo kwitabwaho mu gikorwa cyo kunywa ibinyobwa bivanze n'amata aside
Gutegura yawurute: Gutegura amata yahinduwe: Shyira buhoro buhoro ifu y'amata mu mazi ashyushye yavunganijwe kuri 50-60°C (genzura ikoreshwa ry'amazi inshuro zirenga 10 z'ifu y'amata) hanyuma ushongeshe neza mu gihe cy'iminota 15-20 (ni byiza kuyasya na colloid). Umaze kuyasya, akonjeshe kugeza kuri 40°C kugira ngo uzayakoreshe nyuma.
Tegura umuti wa CMC ukurikije uburyo CMC ikoreshwa, uwushyire mu mata yateguwe, uvange neza, hanyuma upime neza ukoresheje amazi (ugabanye ingano y'amazi yinjijwe mu muti wa aside).
Ongeramo umuti wa aside mu mata buhoro buhoro, ukomeza, kandi ku buryo bungana, kandi witondere kugenzura igihe cyo kongeramo aside hagati y'iminota 1.5 na 2. Niba igihe cyo kongeramo aside ari kirekire cyane, poroteyine iguma ahantu hatagira amashanyarazi igihe kirekire cyane, bigatuma poroteyine itakaza imiterere yayo. Iyo ari nto cyane, igihe cyo gukwirakwira kwa aside kiba gito cyane, aside yo mu mata iba iri hejuru cyane, kandi poroteyine itakaza imiterere yayo ni mbi cyane. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ubushyuhe bw'amata na aside butagomba kuba buri hejuru cyane iyo wongeyemo aside, kandi ni byiza kuyigenzura kuri dogere selisiyusi 20-25 hagati.
Muri rusange, ubushyuhe busanzwe bw'amata bushobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza amata, kandi igitutu kigenzurwa kuri 18-25Mpa.
Ubushyuhe bwo gusukura: Ibikoresho nyuma yo gusukura muri rusange bikoresha 85-90°C mu gihe cy'iminota 25-30, naho ibindi bikoresho muri rusange bikoresha gusukura muri ubushyuhe bwinshi kuri 137-140°C mu gihe cy'amasegonda 3-5.
(2) Ingingo zo kwitabwaho mu gikorwa cyo kunywa bagiteri za aside lactic
Pima ingano ya poroteyine mu mata, ongeramo ifu y'amata kugira ngo poroteyine y'amata ibe hagati ya 2.9% na 4.5%, shyira ubushyuhe kuri 70-75°C, shyiramo igitutu cya homogenizer kuri 18-20Mpa kugira ngo ihuze neza, hanyuma ukoreshe 90-95°C, 15- Shyiraho Pasteurize mu minota 30, ukonjeshe kuri 42-43°C, shyira ubwoko bwateguwe kuri 2%-3%, shyiramo iminota 10-15, funga uruvange, kandi ugumane ubushyuhe buhoraho bwa 41-43°C kugira ngo ihuze neza. Iyo aside y'amata igeze kuri 85-100°T, ihuze irahagarara, kandi akonjeshwa vuba kugeza kuri 15-20°C n'isahani ikonje hanyuma igasukwa mu gisanduku kugira ngo ikoreshwe nyuma.
Iyo poroteyine iri mu mata iri hasi, hazaba hari whey nyinshi mu mata yatetse, kandi poroteyine flocs zizagaragara byoroshye. Gushyira pasteurization kuri 90-95°C bituma poroteyine ihinduka mu rugero kandi ikongera ireme ry'amata yatetse. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha buri hasi cyane cyangwa niba ingano y'inkongoro ari nto cyane, igihe cyo gushyuha kizaba kirekire cyane, kandi bagiteri ziyongera cyane, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku buryohe n'igihe cyo kuruhuka kw'ibicuruzwa. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane cyangwa ingano y'inkongoro ari nini cyane, gushyuha kuzaba kwihuta cyane, whey izahinduka nyinshi cyangwa hakavuka uduce duto twa poroteyine, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku buryo ibicuruzwa biguma neza. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bwakoreshejwe rimwe gusa bushobora no gutoranywa mu gihe cyo guhitamo ubwoko, ariko ubwoko bufite aside nke bugomba gutoranywa uko bishoboka kose.
Komeza ubyibuheCMCamazi kugeza kuri 15-25°C hanyuma uyavange n'amata neza, hanyuma ukoreshe amazi kugira ngo wongere ingano (ugabanye ingano y'amazi ari mu mazi aside), hanyuma wongeremo amazi aside mu mazi y'amata buhoro buhoro, buri gihe kandi neza (byaba byiza ukoresheje aside utera). Kangura neza hanyuma ushyire ku ruhande.
Muri rusange, ubushyuhe busanzwe bw'amata bushobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza amata, kandi igitutu kigenzurwa kuri 15-20Mpa.
Ubushyuhe bwo gusukura: ibikoresho nyuma yo gusukura muri rusange bikoresha 85-90°C mu gihe cy'iminota 25-30, naho ibindi bicuruzwa muri rusange bikoresha gusukura muri ubushyuhe bwinshi kuri 110-121°C mu gihe cy'amasegonda 4-5 cyangwa 95-105°C mu masegonda 30.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Mata 2024