Ekuhlolweni nasekukhiqizweni ngobuningi kwamaphilisi e-nifedipine akhishwa isikhathi eside, amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, amaphilisi e-stomachicangning, amaphilisi e-ferrous fumarate, amaphilisi e-buflomedil hydrochloride, njll., sisebenzisai-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)uketshezi, i-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kanye ne-polyacrylic acid resin liquid, i-Opadry (ehlinzekwe yi-Colorcon, UK), njll. uketshezi lwe-film coating, olusebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-film coating ngempumelelo, kodwa luhlangabezane nezinkinga ekukhiqizweni nasekukhiqizweni kwesilingo. Ngemva kwezinkinga ezithile zobuchwepheshe, manje sesixhumana nozakwethu mayelana nezinkinga ezivamile kanye nezixazululo enqubweni ye-film coating.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe bokumboza ifilimu busetshenziswe kabanzi ekulungiseleleni okuqinile. Ukumboza ifilimu kungavikela umuthi ekukhanyeni, umswakama kanye nomoya ukwandisa ukuzinza komuthi; kufihla ukunambitheka okubi komuthi futhi kube lula isiguli ukuwuthatha; lawula indawo yokukhululwa kanye nesivinini sokukhululwa komuthi; vimbela ushintsho lokuhambisana komuthi; thuthukisa ukubukeka kwethebhulethi. Iphinde ibe nezinzuzo zezinqubo ezimbalwa, isikhathi esifushane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, kanye nokukhuluphala okuncane kwethebhulethi. Ikhwalithi yamathebhulethi ambozwe ifilimu incike kakhulu ekwakhiweni kanye nekhwalithi yomongo wethebhulethi, umuthi woketshezi lokumboza, izimo zokusebenza zokubopha, izimo zokupakisha kanye nokugcina, njll. Ukwakheka kanye nekhwalithi yomongo wethebhulethi kubonakala kakhulu ezithakweni ezisebenzayo zomongo wethebhulethi, izinto ezisizayo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokubukeka, ubulukhuni, izingcezu eziqhekekile, kanye nesimo sethebhulethi somongo wethebhulethi. Ukwakheka komongo wethebhulethi kuvame ukuqukethe ama-polymer amaningi ama-molecule, ama-plasticizer, amadayi, izinyibilikisi, njll., futhi izimo zokusebenza zomongo ziyibhalansi enamandla yokufafaza nokomisa kanye nemishini yokumboza.
1. Ukuklwebheka okuhlangothini olulodwa, ukuqhekeka komphetho wefilimu nokuxebuka
Ubulukhuni bobuso obuphezulu bomgogodla wethebhulethi buncane kakhulu, futhi kulula ukuba bubhekane nokungqubuzana okukhulu kanye nokucindezeleka ngesikhathi senqubo yokumboza, futhi impuphu noma izinhlayiya ezisohlangothini olulodwa ziyawa, okuholela ezimbotsheni noma emathunjini ebusweni bomgogodla wethebhulethi, okuwukuguguleka kohlangothi olulodwa, ikakhulukazi ngefilimu eqoshiwe ephawulwe. Ingxenye esengozini kakhulu yefilimu kuthebhulethi embozwe ngefilimu yimakhona. Uma ukunamathela noma amandla efilimu enganele, ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kwemiphetho yefilimu kungenzeka kwenzeke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuguquguquka kwesinyibilikisi kubangela ukuthi ifilimu inciphe, futhi ukwanda ngokweqile kwefilimu yokumboza kanye nomgogodla kwandisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwefilimu, okudlula amandla okubamba efilimu yokumboza.
1.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu eziyinhloko
Ngokuphathelene ne-chip core, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-chip core ayilungile, futhi ubulukhuni kanye nokuqhekeka kuncane. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokumboza, i-tablet core ibhekana nokungqubuzana okunamandla lapho igoqwa epanini lokumboza, futhi kunzima ukumelana namandla anjalo ngaphandle kobulukhuni obanele, okuhlobene nendlela yokwakheka nokulungiselela i-tablet core. Lapho sipakisha amaphilisi e-nifedipine akhishwa njalo, ngenxa yobulukhuni obuncane be-tablet core, kwavela i-powder ohlangothini olulodwa, okwaholela ezimbotsheni, kanti ifilimu ye-tablet embozwe ngefilimu yayingabushelelezi futhi yayinokubukeka okubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici sokumboza sihlobene nohlobo lwe-tablet. Uma ifilimu ingakhululekile, ikakhulukazi uma ifilimu inophawu esiqongweni, ithambekele kakhulu ekugugeni ohlangothini olulodwa.
Ekusebenzeni kokumboza, isivinini sokufafaza esihamba kancane kanye nokungenisa umoya okuningi noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokungena komoya kuzoholela esivinini sokomisa ngokushesha, ukwakheka kwefilimu ehamba kancane kwama-core ethebhulethi, isikhathi eside sokungahlali isikhathi eside kwama-core ethebhulethi epanini lokumboza, kanye nesikhathi eside sokuguguleka. Okwesibili, ingcindezi ye-atomization inkulu, i-viscosity yoketshezi lokumboza iphansi, amaconsi esikhungweni sokumboza agxilile, futhi i-solvent iyashintshashintsha ngemva kokusabalala kwamaconsi, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kwangaphakathi; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezindawo ezihlangothini olulodwa nakho kwandisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwefilimu futhi kusheshise ifilimu. Imiphetho eqhekekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ijubane lokujikeleza kwepani lokumboza lishesha kakhulu noma ukusethwa kwe-baffle kungafaneleki, amandla okungqubuzana kuthebhulethi azoba makhulu, ukuze uketshezi lokumboza lungasabalali kahle, futhi ukwakheka kwefilimu kube kancane, okuzobangela ukuguguleka kohlangothi olulodwa.
Kusukela kuketshezi olumboza, kungenxa yokukhethwa kwe-polymer ekwakhiweni kanye ne-viscosity ephansi (ukuhlushwa) koketshezi olumboza, kanye nokunamathelana okungekuhle phakathi kwefilimu yokumboza kanye ne-tablet core.
1.2 Isixazululo
Enye iwukulungisa inqubo yokunikezwa noma yokukhiqiza yethebhulethi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bengaphakathi lethebhulethi. I-HPMC iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa yokumboza. Ukunamathela kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zethebhulethi kuhlobene namaqembu e-hydroxyl kuma-molecule asetshenziswayo, futhi amaqembu e-hydroxyl akha izibopho ze-hydrogen namaqembu ahambisanayo e-HPMC ukuze akhiqize ukunamathela okuphezulu; Ukunamathela kuyabuthakathaka, futhi ifilimu yohlangothi olulodwa kanye neyokumboza ivame ukuhlukana. Inani lamaqembu e-hydroxyl kuchungechunge lwama-molecule we-microcrystalline cellulose liphezulu, futhi linamandla aphezulu okunamathela, futhi amaphilisi alungiselelwe nge-lactose kanye noshukela anamandla alinganayo okunamathela. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokugcoba, ikakhulukazi izinto zokugcoba ezisebenzisa amanzi njenge-stearic acid, i-magnesium stearate, kanye ne-glyceryl stearate, kuzonciphisa ukubopha kwe-hydrogen phakathi kwengaphakathi lethebhulethi kanye ne-polymer esixazululweni sokumboza, okwenza ukunamathela kunciphe, futhi ngokwanda kokuthambisa, amandla okunamathela ancipha kancane kancane. Ngokuvamile, lapho inani lokuthambisa liba liningi, kulapho ukunamathela kuncipha khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhetheni uhlobo lwethebhulethi, uhlobo lwethebhulethi oluyindilinga lwe-biconvex kufanele lusetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ekumbozeni, okunganciphisa ukwenzeka kweziphambeko zokumboza.
Okwesibili ukulungisa indlela yokwelashwa koketshezi olumboza, ukwandisa okuqukethwe okuqinile kuketshezi olumboza noma i-viscosity yoketshezi olumboza, nokuthuthukisa amandla nokunamathela kwefilimu yokumboza, okuyindlela elula yokuxazulula inkinga. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe okuqinile ohlelweni lokumboza olunamanzi kungu-12%, kanti okuqukethwe okuqinile ohlelweni lwe-organic solvent kungu-5% kuya ku-8%.
Umehluko ekukhanyeni koketshezi olumbozayo uthinta isivinini kanye nezinga lokungena koketshezi olumbozayo enkabeni yethebhulethi. Uma kukhona ukungena okuncane noma kungekho nhlobo, ukunamathela kuphansi kakhulu. Ukukhanyeni koketshezi olumbozayo kanye nezakhiwo zefilimu yokumboza kuhlobene nesisindo sama-molecule esimaphakathi se-polymer ekwakhiweni. Uma isisindo sama-molecule esimaphakathi siphakeme, kulapho ukuqina kwefilimu yokumboza kuba kukhulu, ukunwebeka okuncane kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Isibonelo, i-HPMC etholakala kwezentengiselwano inezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-viscosity zokukhetha ngenxa yomehluko wesisindo sama-molecule esimaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwethonya le-polymer, ukwengeza ama-plasticizer noma ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-talc kunganciphisa ukwanda kokuqhekeka komphetho wefilimu, kodwa ukwengezwa kwe-colorants iron oxide kanye ne-titanium dioxide nakho kungathinta amandla efilimu yokumboza, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngokulinganisela.
Okwesithathu, ekusebenzeni kokumboza, kuyadingeka ukwandisa isivinini sokufafaza, ikakhulukazi lapho ukumboza kuqala, isivinini sokufafaza kufanele sisheshe kancane, ukuze ingaphakathi lethebhulethi limbozwe ungqimba lwefilimu ngesikhathi esifushane, okudlala indima yokuvikela ingaphakathi lethebhulethi. Ukwandisa izinga lokufafaza kunganciphisa futhi izinga lokushisa lombhede, izinga lokuhwamuka kanye nokushisa kwefilimu, kunciphise ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, futhi kunciphise nezinga lokuqhekeka kwefilimu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungisa ijubane lokujikeleza kwepani lokumboza libe sesimweni esihle kakhulu, bese usetha i-baffle ngokufanele ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka.
2. Ukunamathela kanye nokuqhakaza
Enkambisweni yokumboza, lapho ukuhlangana kokuxhumana phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbili kukhulu kunamandla okuhlukanisa ama-molecule, izingcezu eziningana (izinhlayiya eziningi) zizohlangana isikhashana bese zihlukana. Uma ibhalansi phakathi kokufutha nokomisa ingalungile, ifilimu imanzi kakhulu, ifilimu izonamathela odongeni lwebhodwe noma inamathele komunye nomunye, kodwa futhi ibangele ukuphuka kwefilimu endaweni yokunamathela; Esifuthweni, lapho amaconsi engomiswanga ngokuphelele, amaconsi angaqhekeki azohlala efilimu yokumboza yendawo, kuba nama-bubbles amancane, akha ungqimba lokumboza ama-bubble, ukuze ishidi lokumboza libonakale ama-bubbles.
2.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu eziyinhloko
Ubukhulu kanye nokuvela kwalesi sici sokumboza kubangelwa kakhulu yizimo zokusebenza kokumboza, ukungalingani phakathi kokufutha nokomisa. Ijubane lokufutha lishesha kakhulu noma umthamo wegesi ene-atomized mkhulu kakhulu. Ijubane lokufutha lihamba kancane kakhulu ngenxa yomthamo wokungena komoya ophansi noma izinga lokushisa lokungena komoya eliphansi kanye nokushisa okuphansi kombhede weshidi. Ishidi alomiswanga ungqimba ngengqimba ngesikhathi futhi kwenzeka ukunamathela noma amabhamuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokufutha okungafanele i-Engela noma ibanga, ikhoni eyakhiwe ngokufutha incane, futhi uketshezi lokumboza lugxile endaweni ethile, okuholela ekumanzini kwendawo, okuholela ekunamatheleni. Kukhona imbiza yokumboza enejubane elihamba kancane, amandla e-centrifugal mancane kakhulu, ukugoqa ifilimu akukuhle nakho kuzokhiqiza ukunamathela.
Ukunamathela koketshezi kukhulu kakhulu, nakho kungenye yezizathu. Ukunamathela koketshezi kwezingubo kukhulu, kulula ukwakha amaconsi amakhulu enkungu, ikhono lalo lokungena enkabeni liphansi, ukuhlangana nokuhlangana kohlangothi olulodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuningi befilimu buphansi, amabhamuza amaningi. Kodwa lokhu akunawo umthelela omkhulu ekunamatheleni kwesikhashana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo olungalungile lwefilimu luzovela nokunamathela. Uma ifilimu eyisicaba ebhodweni lokumboza ingalungile, izohlangana ndawonye, kulula ukubangela ifilimu ephindwe kabili noma enezingqimba eziningi. Ekuhlolweni kwethu kokukhiqizwa kwamaphilisi e-buflomedil hydrochloride, izingcezu eziningi ezihambisanayo zavela ebhodweni lokumboza le-common water chestnuts ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okuyisicaba.
2.2 Izixazululo
Ngokuyinhloko ukulungisa isivinini sokufafaza nokomisa ukuze kufezwe ibhalansi eguquguqukayo. Nciphisa isivinini sokufafaza, wandise ivolumu yomoya ongenayo kanye nokushisa komoya, wandise izinga lokushisa lombhede kanye nesivinini sokomisa. Wandise indawo yokumboza yokufafaza, wanciphise usayizi wezinhlayiya ezimaphakathi zamaconsi okufafaza noma ulungise ibanga phakathi kwesibhamu sokufafaza kanye nombhede weshidi, ukuze ukwanda kokunamathela kwesikhashana kwehle ngokulungiswa kwebanga phakathi kwesibhamu sokufafaza kanye nombhede weshidi.
Lungisa isixazululo sokumboza, wandise okuqukethwe okuqinile esixazululweni sokumboza, wehlise inani le-solvent noma wandise ukugcwala kwe-ethanol ngendlela efanele ngaphakathi kobubanzi be-viscosity; I-anti-adhesive ingangezwa ngendlela efanele, njenge-talcum powder, i-magnesium stearate, i-silica gel powder noma i-oxide peptide. Ingathuthukisa kahle ijubane lembiza yokumboza, yandise amandla e-centrifugal embhedeni.
Khetha ukugqoka kweshidi okufanele. Kodwa-ke, kumashidi ayisicaba, njengamaphilisi e-buflomedil hydrochloride, ukugqoka kwenziwa ngempumelelo kamuva ngokusebenzisa ipani lokugqoka elisebenza kahle noma ngokufaka i-baffle epanini lokugqoka elivamile ukukhuthaza ukugoqwa kweshidi.
3. Isikhumba esiqinile nesigobile esinohlangothi olulodwa
Enqubweni yokumboza, ngenxa yokuthi uketshezi lokumboza alusakazeki kahle, i-polymer eyomile ayihlakazeki, ayifakwanga kahle noma ayinamatheli ebusweni befilimu, okuholela embaleni omubi kanye nobuso obungalingani. Isikhumba esishwabene siwuhlobo lobuso obumahhadla, siwukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo okumahhadla ngokweqile.
3.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu eziyinhloko
Esokuqala sihlobene ne-chip core. Uma ubukhulu bokuqala bomphezulu bubukhulu, ubukhulu bomphezulu womkhiqizo omboziwe buzoba bukhulu.
Okwesibili, inobuhlobo obuhle nomyalelo wesisombululo sokumboza. Ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi isisindo sama-molecule, ukuhlushwa kanye nezithasiselo ze-polymer esixazululweni sokumboza kuhlobene nobulukhuni bomphezulu wengubo yefilimu. Zisebenza ngokuthinta ubulukhuni besixazululo sokumboza, futhi ubulukhuni bengubo yefilimu bucishe bulingane ne-viscosity yesixazululo sokumboza, okwanda ngokukhushulwa kwe-viscosity. Okuqukethwe okuqinile kakhulu esixazululweni sokumboza kungabangela kalula ukugoba kohlangothi olulodwa.
Okokugcina, kuhlobene nokusebenza kokumboza. Ijubane le-atomization liphansi kakhulu noma liphezulu kakhulu (umphumela we-atomization awulungile), okunganele ukusabalalisa amaconsi enkungu futhi kwakheke isikhumba esigoqekile sohlangothi olulodwa. Futhi ivolumu ephezulu yomoya owomile (umoya wokukhipha ugesi mkhulu kakhulu) noma izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, ukuhwamuka okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi ukugeleza komoya kukhulu kakhulu, kukhiqiza ugesi we-eddy, futhi kwenza ukusabalala kwamaconsi kungabi kuhle.
3.2 Izixazululo
Okokuqala ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yengaphakathi. Ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yengaphakathi, lungisa iresiphi yesisombululo sokumboza bese unciphisa i-viscosity (ukuhlushwa) noma okuqukethwe okuqinile kwesisombululo sokumboza. Isixazululo sokumboza esincibilika ngotshwala noma samanzi amabili singakhethwa. Bese ulungisa izimo zokusebenza, uthuthukise ngokufanele ijubane lebhodwe lokumboza, wenze ifilimu igoqeke ngokulinganayo, wandise ukungqubuzana, ukhuthaze ukusabalala koketshezi lokumboza. Uma izinga lokushisa lombhede liphezulu, nciphisa ivolumu yomoya wokungenisa kanye nokushisa komoya wokungenisa. Uma kunezizathu zokufutha, ingcindezi ye-atomization kufanele ikhuliswe ukuze kusheshiswe ijubane lokufutha, kanye nezinga le-atomization kanye nevolumu yokufutha kufanele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kwenziwe amaconsi enkungu asakazeke ngamandla ebusweni beshidi, ukuze kwakheke amaconsi enkungu anobubanzi obuncane obumaphakathi futhi kuvinjelwe ukwenzeka kwamaconsi enkungu amakhulu, ikakhulukazi kuketshezi lokumboza olunobukhulu obukhulu. Ibanga eliphakathi kwesibhamu sokufutha kanye nombhede weshidi nalo lingalungiswa. Kukhethwa isibhamu sokufutha esinobubanzi obuncane be-nozzle (015 mm ~ 1.2 mm) kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokugeleza kwegesi yokufutha. Isimo sokufutha silungiswa sibe nobubanzi be-cone flat cone. Ukugeleza kwenkungu ye-Angle, ukuze amaconsi ahlakazeke endaweni enkulu ephakathi.
4. Khomba ibhuloho
4.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu eziyinhloko
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ubuso befilimu buphawulwe noma buphawulwe. Ngenxa yokuthi ulwelwesi lwezingubo lunemingcele efanele yemishini, njenge-coefficient ephezulu yokuguquguquka, amandla efilimu aphansi, ukunamathela okubi, njll., enkambisweni yokomisa ulwelwesi lwezingubo kuveza ukudonsa okuphezulu emuva, okuvela ekuprintweni kobuso be-membrane yezingubo, ukuhoxa kwe-membrane kanye nokubopha kwenzeka, kwenza i-notch yohlangothi olulodwa inyamalale noma ilogo ingacaci, izizathu zalesi simo zisesigabeni somuthi wokugcoba.
4.2 Isixazululo
Lungisa indlela yokunikeza ikhambi lokumboza. Sebenzisa ama-polymer anesisindo esincane sama-molecule noma izinto zokwakha ifilimu yokunamathela ephezulu; Khulisa inani le-solvent, nciphisa i-viscosity yekhambi lokumboza; Khulisa inani le-plasticizer, nciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Umphumela we-plasticizer ohlukile uhlukile, i-polyethylene glycol 200 ingcono kune-propylene glycol, i-glycerin. Kunganciphisa nesivinini sokufafaza. Khulisa izinga lokushisa lokungena komoya, khulisa izinga lokushisa lombhede weshidi, ukuze i-coating eyakhiwe ibe namandla, kodwa ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka komphetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwakhiweni kwe-die ephawuliwe, kufanele sinake ububanzi be-Angle yokusika kanye namanye amaphuzu amancane, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwesenzakalo sebhuloho.
5. I-chromatism ye-membrane yezingubo
5.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu eziyinhloko
Ezixazululweni eziningi zokumboza kunezinhlayiya noma amadayi alenga esixazululweni sokumboza futhi ngenxa yokusebenza okungafanele kokumboza, ukusatshalaliswa kombala akufani futhi umehluko wombala ukhiqizwa phakathi kwezingcezu noma ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezingcezu. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ijubane lebhodwe lokumboza lihamba kancane kakhulu noma ukusebenza kahle kokuxuba akukuhle, futhi umphumela wokumboza ofanayo awukwazi ukufinyelelwa phakathi kwezingcezu ngesikhathi esivamile sokumboza; Ukuhlushwa kombala noma udayi oketshezini lokumboza olunemibala kuphezulu kakhulu noma okuqukethwe okuqinile kuphakeme kakhulu, noma ijubane lokufafaza koketshezi lokumboza lishesha kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lombhede liphezulu kakhulu, ukuze uketshezi lokumboza olunemibala lungaphumi ngesikhathi; Ukunamathela kwefilimu nakho kungabangelwa; Ukuma kwengcezu akufanelekile, njengesingcezu eside, esinomumo we-capsule, ngenxa yokugoqa njengesingcezu esiyindilinga, nakho kuzobangela umehluko wombala.
5.2 Isixazululo
Khulisa ijubane lepani lokumboza noma inani le-baffle, lungisa isimo esifanele, ukuze ishidi elisepanini ligoqeke ngokulinganayo. Nciphisa ijubane lokufafaza koketshezi lokumboza, wehlise izinga lokushisa lombhede. Ekwakhiweni kwekhambi lokumboza elinemibala, umthamo noma okuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-pigment noma idayi kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi kufanele kukhethwe i-pigment enesembozo esiqinile. I-pigment noma idayi kufanele ibe mnene futhi izinhlayiya kufanele zibe zincane. Amadayi angancibiliki emanzini angcono kunamadayi ancibilikayo emanzini, amadayi angancibiliki emanzini awahambi namanzi kalula njengamadayi ancibilikayo emanzini, kanye nomthunzi, ukuzinza kanye nokunciphisa umhwamuko wamanzi, ukujiya ekungeneni kwefilimu nakho kungcono kunamadayi ancibilikayo emanzini. Khetha futhi uhlobo lwengcezu olufanele. Enkambisweni yokumboza ifilimu, kuvame ukuba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinkinga, izici ziningi, zingaxazululwa ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yengaphakathi, ukulungisa umuthi wokumboza nokusebenza, ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa okuguquguqukayo kanye nokusebenza kwe-dialectical. Ngobuchwepheshe bokumboza, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwemishini emisha yokumboza nezinto zokumboza ifilimu, ubuchwepheshe bokumboza buzothuthukiswa kakhulu, ukumboza ifilimu nakho kuzothuthuka ngokushesha ekukhiqizweni kwamalungiselelo aqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-25-2024