Kwilingo kunye nokuveliswa ngobuninzi kweepilisi ze-nifedipine ezikhutshwayo rhoqo, iipilisi zokuthintela ukukhulelwa, iipilisi ze-stomachicangning, iipilisi ze-ferrous fumarate, iipilisi ze-buflomedil hydrochloride, njl.njl., sisebenzisai-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)ulwelo, iHydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunye nepolyacrylic acid resin liquid, iOpadry (ebonelelwe yiColorcon, e-UK), njl.njl. zizinto ezisetyenziswa ekugqumeni ifilimu, ezisebenzise ngempumelelo itekhnoloji yokugquma ifilimu, kodwa ziye zahlangabezana neengxaki kwimveliso yovavanyo kunye nemveliso. Emva kweengxaki ezithile zobugcisa, ngoku sinxibelelana nabantu esisebenza nabo malunga neengxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo kwinkqubo yokugquma ifilimu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iteknoloji yokugquma ifilimu isetyenziswa kakhulu kumalungiselelo aqinileyo. Ukugquma ifilimu kunokukhusela iyeza ekukhanyeni, kumswakama nasemoyeni ukwandisa uzinzo lweyeza; kufihla incasa embi yeyeza kwaye kube lula ukuba isigulane silithathe; lawula indawo yokukhululwa kunye nesantya sokukhululwa kweyeza; thintela utshintsho lokuhambelana kweyeza; phucula ukubonakala kwethebhulethi. Ikwanazo neengenelo zeenkqubo ezimbalwa, ixesha elifutshane, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nokungonyuswa kobunzima bethebhulethi. Umgangatho weethebhulethi ezigqunywe ngefilimu uxhomekeke kakhulu kulwakhiwo kunye nomgangatho wethebhulethi, ummiselo wolwelo lokugquma, iimeko zokusebenza zokugquma, iimeko zokupakishwa kunye nokugcinwa, njl. Ulwakhiwo kunye nomgangatho wethebhulethi core lubonakala kakhulu kwizithako ezisebenzayo zethebhulethi core, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo kunye nembonakalo, ubulukhuni, iziqwenga ezibuthathaka, kunye nesimo sethebhulethi yethebhulethi core. Ukwenziwa kolwelo lokugquma kudla ngokuba neepolymers eziphezulu zeemolekyuli, iiplastiki, iidayi, izinyibilikisi, njl., kwaye iimeko zokusebenza kwethebhulethi yibhalansi eguquguqukayo yokutshiza nokomisa kunye nezixhobo zokugquma.
1. Ukukrazula okumacala omabini, ukuqhekeka komphetho wefilimu kunye nokuxobuka
Ubunzima bomphezulu wentloko yethebhulethi bubuncinci, kwaye kulula ukuba ichaphazeleke kukungqubana okunamandla kunye noxinzelelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokugquma, kwaye umgubo okanye amasuntswana acala elinye ayawa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ii-pockmarks okanye ii-pores kumphezulu wentloko yethebhulethi, okukuguguleka kwecala elinye, ingakumbi ngefilimu ebhalwe ngomfanekiso. Eyona ndawo isengozini kakhulu yefilimu kwithebhulethi egqunywe ngefilimu ziikona. Xa ukunamathela okanye amandla efilimu enganele, ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka kwemiphetho yefilimu kunokwenzeka. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuguquguquka kwesisombululo kubangela ukuba ifilimu inciphe, kwaye ukwanda okugqithisileyo kwefilimu yokugquma kunye nentloko kwandisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwefilimu, oludlula amandla okuxinana kwefilimu yokugquma.
1.1 Uhlalutyo lwezizathu eziphambili
Ngokuphathelele i-chip core, isizathu esiphambili kukuba umgangatho we-chip core awulungile, kwaye ubunzima kunye nokuqhekeka kuncinci. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugquma, i-tablet core ifumana ukungqubana okunamandla xa iqengqeleka kwipani yokugquma, kwaye kunzima ukumelana namandla anjalo ngaphandle kobunzima obaneleyo, obuhambelana nendlela yokwenza kunye nokulungiselela i-tablet core. Xa sasipakisha ii-tablets ze-nifedipine ezikhutshwayo rhoqo, ngenxa yobunzima obuncinci be-tablet core, kwavela umgubo kwelinye icala, nto leyo eyabangela ii-pores, kwaye ifilimu ye-tablet egqunywe ngefilimu yayingagudi kwaye yayinembonakalo embi. Ukongeza, esi siphene sokugquma sikwanxulumene nohlobo lwe-tablet. Ukuba ifilimu ayikhululekanga, ingakumbi ukuba ifilimu inophawu kwisithsaba, inokuba sengozini yokuguguleka kwicala elinye.
Kwinkqubo yokugquma, isantya sokutshiza esicothayo kakhulu kunye nokungenisa umoya omninzi okanye ubushushu obuphezulu bokungena komoya kuya kukhokelela kwisantya sokomisa ngokukhawuleza, ukwakheka kwefilimu ecothayo yee-cores zethebhulethi, ixesha elide lokungaphumli kwee-cores zethebhulethi kwipani yokugquma, kunye nexesha elide lokuguguleka. Okwesibini, uxinzelelo lwe-atomization lukhulu, i-viscosity yolwelo lokugquma iphantsi, amathontsi kwiziko le-atomization axinene, kwaye i-solvent iyaguquguquka emva kokuba amathontsi esasazekile, okubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi; kwangaxeshanye, ukungqubana phakathi kwemiphezulu ecala linye kwandisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwefilimu kwaye kukhawulezise ifilimu. Imiphetho eqhekekileyo.
Ukongeza, ukuba isantya sokujikeleza kwepani yokugquma sikhawuleza kakhulu okanye ukuseta i-baffle akunangqiqo, amandla okungqubana kwithebhulethi aya kuba makhulu, ukuze ulwelo lokugquma lungasasazeki kakuhle, kwaye ukwakheka kwefilimu kuya kucotha, okuya kubangela ukuguguleka kwecala elinye.
Ukusuka kulwelo lokugquma, ikakhulu kungenxa yokukhethwa kwepolymer kwifomyula kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi (uxinzelelo) lolwelo lokugquma, kunye nokunamathelana okungalunganga phakathi kwefilimu yokugquma kunye nombindi wethebhulethi.
1.2 Isisombululo
Enye kukulungisa indlela yokumisela okanye yokuvelisa ithebhulethi ukuphucula ubulukhuni be-tablet core. I-HPMC yinto esetyenziswa kakhulu yokugquma. Ukunamathela kwezinto ezincedisayo kwithebhulethi kunxulumene namaqela e-hydroxyl kwiimolekyuli ezincedayo, kwaye amaqela e-hydroxyl enza iibhondi ze-hydrogen kunye namaqela ahambelanayo e-HPMC ukuvelisa ukunamathela okuphezulu; Ukunamathela kuyabuthathaka, kwaye ifilimu yokugquma idla ngokwahluka. Inani lamaqela e-hydroxyl kwi-molecular chain ye-microcrystalline cellulose liphezulu, kwaye linamandla aphezulu okunamathela, kwaye iipilisi ezilungiselelwe nge-lactose kunye nezinye iiswekile zinamandla aphakathi okunamathela. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokugquma, ngakumbi izinto zokugquma ezisebenzisa i-hydrophobic ezifana ne-stearic acid, i-magnesium stearate, kunye ne-glyceryl stearate, kuya kunciphisa ukunamathela kwe-hydrogen phakathi kwe-tablet core kunye ne-polymer kwisisombululo sokugquma, okwenza ukunamathela kunciphe, kwaye ngokwanda kokuthambisa, amandla okunamathela ayancipha kancinci kancinci. Ngokubanzi, okukhona isixa se-lubricant sininzi, kokukhona ukunamathela kuyancipha. Ukongeza, ekukhetheni uhlobo lwethebhulethi, uhlobo lwethebhulethi oluyi-biconvex olujikelezileyo kufuneka lusetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ekugqumeni, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukwenzeka kweziphene zokugquma.
Okwesibini kukulungisa indlela esetyenziswa ngayo i-coating liquid, ukwandisa umxholo oqinileyo kwi-coating liquid okanye i-viscosity ye-coating liquid, kunye nokuphucula amandla kunye nokunamathela kwe-coating film, okuyindlela elula yokusombulula ingxaki. Ngokubanzi, umxholo oqinileyo kwinkqubo ye-coating yamanzi yi-12%, kwaye umxholo oqinileyo kwinkqubo ye-organic solvent yi-5% ukuya kwi-8%.
Umahluko kwi-viscosity yolwelo lokugquma uchaphazela isantya kunye nenqanaba lokungena kolwelo lokugquma kwi-core yethebhulethi. Xa kungekho ukungena kuncinci okanye kungekho, ukunamathela kuphantsi kakhulu. I-viscosity yolwelo lokugquma kunye neempawu zefilimu yokugquma zihambelana nobunzima obuphakathi beemolekyuli zepolymer kwifomyula. Okukhona ubunzima obuphakathi beemolekyuli buphezulu, kokukhona ubunzima befilimu yokugquma bukhula, ukuthamba okuncinci kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Umzekelo, i-HPMC ethengiswayo inemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-viscosity yokukhetha ngenxa yomahluko kubunzima obuphakathi beemolekyuli. Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yepolymer, ukongeza iiplastiki okanye ukwandisa umxholo we-talc kunokunciphisa ukwanda kokuqhekeka komphetho wefilimu, kodwa ukongezwa kwe-colorants iron oxide kunye ne-titanium dioxide kunokuchaphazela namandla efilimu yokugquma, ngoko ke kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokulinganisela.
Okwesithathu, kumsebenzi wokugquma, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa isantya sokutshiza, ingakumbi xa ugquma luqala, isantya sokutshiza kufuneka sikhawuleze kancinci, ukuze umbindi wethebhulethi ugutyungelwe ngumaleko wefilimu ngexesha elifutshane, nto leyo edlala indima yokukhusela umbindi wethebhulethi. Ukunyusa izinga lokutshiza kunokunciphisa ubushushu bebhedi, izinga lokuphuma komphunga kunye nobushushu befilimu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kunye nokunciphisa ukwanda kokuqhekeka kwefilimu. Kwangaxeshanye, lungisa isantya sokujikeleza kwepani yokugquma sibe kwimeko efanelekileyo, kwaye ubeke i-baffle ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokuguguleka.
2.Ukuncamathela kunye nokudumba
Kwinkqubo yokugquma, xa ukudibana konxibelelwano phakathi kwezilayi ezibini kukhulu kunamandla okwahlukana kweemolekyuli, izilayi ezininzi (amasuntswana amaninzi) ziya kudibana okwethutyana zize zahlukane. Xa ibhalansi phakathi kokutshiza nokomisa ingalunganga, ifilimu imanzi kakhulu, ifilimu iya kunamathela eludongeni lwembiza okanye inamathele kwenye, kodwa ikwabangela ukwaphuka kwefilimu kwindawo yokunamathela; Kwisitshizi, xa amasuntswana engomiswanga ngokupheleleyo, amasuntswana angaqhekekanga aya kuhlala kwifilimu yokugquma yasekuhlaleni, kukho amasuntswana amancinci, enza umaleko wokugquma amasuntswana, ukuze iphepha lokugquma libonakale amasuntswana.
2.1 Uhlalutyo lwezizathu eziphambili
Ubungakanani kunye nokuvela kwesi siphene sokugquma kubangelwa ikakhulu ziimeko zokusebenza kokugquma, ukungalingani phakathi kokutshiza nokomisa. Isantya sokutshiza sikhawuleza kakhulu okanye umthamo wegesi ene-atomized mkhulu kakhulu. Isantya sokomisa sicotha kakhulu ngenxa yomthamo wokungena komoya ophantsi okanye ubushushu bokungena komoya obuphantsi kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bebhedi yeshiti. Ishiti ayomiswanga ngqimba ngqimba ngexesha kwaye kuyenzeka ukunamathelana okanye amaqamza. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokutshiza okungafanelekanga i-Angle okanye umgama, ikhowuni eyenziwe kukutshiza incinci, kwaye ulwelo lokugquma luxinene kwindawo ethile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kube manzi kwindawo ethile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kunamathelene. Kukho imbiza yokugquma ekhawulezayo, amandla e-centrifugal mancinci kakhulu, ukuqengqeleka kwefilimu akulunganga kuya kuvelisa ukunamathelana.
Ukugquma kolwelo kukhulu kakhulu, kukwayenye yezizathu. Ukugquma kolwelo kwimpahla kukhulu, kulula ukwenza amathontsi amakhulu enkungu, amandla ayo okungena embindini aphantsi, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokunamathelana ngacala linye, kwangaxeshanye, uxinano lwefilimu alulunganga, amaqamza amaninzi. Kodwa oku akunampembelelo ingako ekunamatheleni okwethutyana.
Ukongeza, uhlobo olungafanelekanga lwefilimu luya kubonakala lunamathele. Ukuba ifilimu ethe tyaba kwimbiza yokugquma ayilunganga, iya kugquma kunye, kulula ukubangela ifilimu ephindwe kabini okanye eneeleya ezininzi. Kwilingo lethu lokuvelisa iipilisi ze-buflomedil hydrochloride, iziqwenga ezininzi ezigqumayo zavela kwimbiza yokugquma ye-common water chestnuts ngenxa yeleya ethe tyaba.
2.2 Izisombululo
Eyona nto iphambili kukulungisa isantya sokutshiza nokomisa ukuze kufezekiswe ibhalansi eguquguqukayo. Nciphisa isantya sokutshiza, nyusa umthamo womoya wokungena kunye nobushushu bomoya, nyusa ubushushu bebhedi kunye nesantya sokomisa. Nciphisa indawo yokugubungela isitshizi, nciphisa ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bamasuntswana amaconsi okutshiza okanye lungisa umgama phakathi kwesitshizi kunye nebhedi yesheet, ukuze ukuxhaphaka kokunamathela okwethutyana kunciphe ngokulungiswa komgama phakathi kwesitshizi kunye nebhedi yesheet.
Lungisa ummiselo wesisombululo sokugquma, yonyusa umxholo wento eqinileyo kwisisombululo sokugquma, yehlisa ubungakanani besinyibilikisi okanye yonyusa uxinzelelo lwe-ethanol ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-viscosity; I-Anti-adhesive ingongezwa ngokufanelekileyo, njenge-talcum powder, i-magnesium stearate, i-silica gel powder okanye i-oxide peptide. Ingaphucula ngokufanelekileyo isantya sembiza yokugquma, yonyuse amandla e-centrifugal ebhedini.
Khetha i-sheet coating efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwii-flat sheets, ezifana neetablets ze-buflomedil hydrochloride, i-coating yenziwe ngempumelelo kamva ngokusebenzisa i-coating pan esebenza kakuhle okanye ngokufaka i-baffle kwi-coating pan eqhelekileyo ukukhuthaza ukuqengqeleka kwe-sheet.
3. Ulusu olurhabaxa nolunemibimbi olunecala elinye
Kwinkqubo yokugquma, kuba ulwelo lokugquma alusasazeki kakuhle, i-polymer eyomileyo ayisasazeki, ayifakwanga ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye ayinamatheli kumphezulu wefilimu, nto leyo ebangela umbala ombi kunye nomphezulu ongalinganiyo. Ulusu olunemibimbi luhlobo lomphezulu orhabaxa, lubonakala lurhabaxa kakhulu.
3.1 Uhlalutyo lwezizathu eziphambili
Eyokuqala inxulumene ne-chip core. Okukhona uburhabaxa bokuqala bomphezulu we-core bukhulu, kokukhona uburhabaxa bomphezulu wemveliso egqunyiweyo bukhulu.
Okwesibini, inobudlelwane obuhle nomyalelo wesisombululo sokugquma. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba ubunzima beemolekyuli, uxinaniso kunye nezongezo zepolymer kwisisombululo sokugquma zinxulumene noburhabaxa bomphezulu wengubo yefilimu. Zisebenza ngokuchaphazela uburhabaxa besisombululo sokugquma, kwaye uburhabaxa bengubo yefilimu buphantse bulingane noburhabaxa besisombululo sokugquma, buyanda ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity. Umxholo oqinileyo kakhulu kwisisombululo sokugquma unokubangela ukuba kube nzima ukugquma kwicala elinye.
Okokugqibela, inxulumene nokusebenza kokugquma. Isantya se-atomization siphantsi kakhulu okanye siphezulu kakhulu (isiphumo se-atomization asilungile), nto leyo enganelanga ukusasaza amathontsi enkungu aze enze ulusu olunemibimbi kwicala elinye. Kwaye umthamo omkhulu womoya owomileyo (umoya wokukhupha umoya mkhulu kakhulu) okanye ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, ukufuma ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuhamba komoya mkhulu kakhulu, kuvelisa umsinga we-eddy, kwenza ukuba ukusasazeka kwethontsi kungabi kuhle.
3.2 Izisombululo
Okokuqala kukuphucula umgangatho wesiseko. Ngokwesiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho wesiseko, lungisa ummiselo wesisombululo sokugquma kwaye unciphise i-viscosity (uxinzelelo) okanye umxholo oqinileyo wesisombululo sokugquma. Isisombululo sokugquma esinyibilikayo ngotywala okanye i-alcohol-2-water sinokukhethwa. Emva koko lungisa iimeko zokusebenza, uphucule ngokufanelekileyo isantya sembiza yokugquma, yenza ifilimu iqengqeleke ngokulinganayo, yonyuse ukungqubana, ikhuthaze ukusasazeka kolwelo lokugquma. Ukuba ubushushu bebhedi buphezulu, nciphisa umthamo womoya wokungenisa kunye nobushushu bomoya wokungenisa. Ukuba kukho izizathu zokutshiza, uxinzelelo lwe-atomization kufuneka lonyuswe ukuze kukhawuleziswe isantya sokutshiza, kwaye inqanaba le-atomization kunye nomthamo wokutshiza kufuneka kuphuculwe ukuze kwenziwe amaconsi enkungu asasazeke ngamandla phezu komphezulu wephepha, ukuze kwenziwe amaconsi enkungu anobubanzi obuncinci kwaye kuthintelwe ukwenzeka kwamaconsi enkungu amakhulu, ngakumbi kulwelo lokugquma olunobunzima obukhulu. Umgama phakathi kwesibhamu sokutshiza kunye nebhedi yeshiti nawo unokulungiswa. Kukhethwa isibhamu sokutshiza esinobubanzi obuncinci (015 mm ~ 1.2 mm) kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwegesi ye-atomizing. Imilo yesitshizi ilungelelaniswe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zekhowuni ethe tyaba. Ukuhamba kwenkungu ye-Angle, ukuze amathontsi asasazeke kwindawo enkulu esembindini.
4. Chonga ibhulorho
4.1 Uhlalutyo lwezizathu eziphambili
Oku kwenzeka xa umphezulu wefilimu uphawulwe okanye uphawulwe. Ngenxa yokuba i-membrane yempahla ineeparameter ezifanelekileyo zoomatshini, ezifana ne-elasticity coefficient ephezulu, amandla efilimu aphantsi, ukunamathela okubi, njl.njl., kwinkqubo yokomisa i-membrane yempahla kubangela ukutsalwa okuphezulu, ukusuka ekuprintweni komphezulu we-membrane yempahla, ukurhoxiswa kwe-membrane kunye nokudibanisa kwenzeka, kwenza i-notch yecala elinye inyamalale okanye ilogo ingacaci, izizathu zale meko zisekubhalweni kolwelo olugqunywe nge-coating.
4.2 Isisombululo
Lungisa indlela yokumisela isisombululo sokugquma. Sebenzisa iipolymers ezinobunzima obuphantsi okanye izinto zokwakha ifilimu yokunamathela ephezulu; Yandisa ubungakanani besinyibilikisi, nciphisa i-viscosity yesisombululo sokugquma; Yandisa ubungakanani be-plasticizer, nciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Isiphumo se-plasticizer esahlukileyo sahlukile, i-polyethylene glycol 200 ingcono kune-propylene glycol, i-glycerin. Inganciphisa nesantya sokutshiza. Yandisa ubushushu bokungena komoya, yandisa ubushushu bebhedi yeshiti, ukuze i-coating eyenziweyo ibe namandla, kodwa ukuthintela ukuqhekeka komphetho. Ukongeza, kuyilo lwe-die ephawulweyo, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kububanzi be-Angle yokusika kunye nezinye iindawo ezincinci, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukwenzeka kwento yebhulorho.
5. I-chromatism ye-membrane yempahla
5.1 Uhlalutyo lwezizathu eziphambili
Kwizisombululo ezininzi zokugquma kukho imibala okanye iidayi ezixhonywe kwisisombululo sokugquma kwaye ngenxa yokusebenza okungafanelekanga kokugquma, ukusasazwa kombala akufani kwaye umahluko wombala wenziwa phakathi kwezilayi okanye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezilayi. Isizathu esiphambili kukuba isantya sembiza yokugquma sicotha kakhulu okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba akukuhle, kwaye umphumo wokugquma ofanayo awunakufezekiswa phakathi kweziqwenga ngexesha eliqhelekileyo lokugquma; Uxinzelelo lwemibala okanye idayi kulwelo lokugquma olunemibala luphezulu kakhulu okanye umxholo oqinileyo uphezulu kakhulu, okanye isantya sokutshiza kolwelo lokugquma sikhawuleza kakhulu, ubushushu bebhedi buphezulu kakhulu, kangangokuba ulwelo lokugquma olunemibala aluphumi ngexesha; Ukunamathela kwefilimu nako kunokubangelwa; Ubume besiqwenga abufanelekanga, njengesiqwenga eside, isiqwenga esimile okwekhaphu, ngenxa yokuqengqeleka njengesiqwenga esingqukuva, kuya kubangela umahluko wombala.
5.2 Isisombululo
Yandisa isantya sepani yokugquma okanye inani le-baffle, lungelelanisa imeko efanelekileyo, ukuze iphepha elisepani liqengqeleke ngokulinganayo. Nciphisa isantya sokutshiza ulwelo lokugquma, nciphisa ubushushu bebhedi. Kuyilo lweresiphi yesisombululo sokugquma esinemibala, kufuneka kuncitshiswe umthamo okanye umxholo oqinileyo wepigment okanye idayi, kwaye kufuneka kukhethwe i-pigment enesiciko esomeleleyo. Ipigment okanye idayi kufuneka ibe buthathaka kwaye amasuntswana kufuneka abe mancinci. Iidayi ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini zingcono kuneedayi ezinyibilikayo emanzini, iidayi ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini azihambi namanzi ngokulula njengeedayi ezinyibilikayo emanzini, kunye nomthunzi, ukuzinza kunye nokunciphisa umphunga wamanzi, i-oxidation ekungeneni kwefilimu ikwangcono kuneedayi ezinyibilikayo emanzini. Khetha kwakhona uhlobo lwesiqwenga olufanelekileyo. Kwinkqubo yokugquma ifilimu, kuhlala kukho iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, kodwa nokuba loluphi uhlobo lweengxaki, izinto zininzi, zinokusonjululwa ngokuphucula umgangatho wesiseko, ukulungisa iresiphi yokugquma kunye nokusebenza, ukuze kufezekiswe ukusetyenziswa okuguquguqukayo kunye nokusebenza kwe-dialectical. Ngobuchule bobuchwepheshe bokugquma, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa koomatshini abatsha bokugquma kunye nezixhobo zokugquma ifilimu, ubuchwepheshe bokugquma buya kuphuculwa kakhulu, ukugquma ifilimu kuya kufumana uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo kwimveliso yamalungiselelo aqinileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-25-2024