Esivivinyweni nasekukhiqizweni ngobuningi kwamaphilisi e-nifedipine akhishwa ngokuqhubekayo, amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, amaphilisi e- stomachicangning, amaphilisi e-ferrous fumarate, amaphilisi e-buflomedil hydrochloride, njll., sisebenzisai-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)uketshezi, i-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kanye ne-polyacrylic acid resin liquid, i-Opadry (ehlinzekwa yi-Colorcon, UK), njll. iwuketshezi lokumboza ifilimu, olusebenzise ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa ifilimu, kodwa luye lwahlangabezana nezinkinga ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni isilingo. Ngemva kwezinkinga ezithile zobuchwepheshe, manje sesixhumana nozakwethu mayelana nezinkinga ezivamile nezisombululo enqubweni yokumboza ifilimu.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ubuchwepheshe bokugqoka ifilimu busetshenziswe kabanzi ekulungiseleleni okuqinile. Ukufakwa kwefilimu kungavikela umuthi ekukhanyeni, umswakama nomoya ukuze kwandiswe ukuzinza kwesidakamizwa; imaski ukunambitheka okubi komuthi futhi kube lula isiguli ukukuthatha; lawula indawo yokukhululwa kanye nesivinini sokukhululwa komuthi; vimbela ukuguqulwa kokuhambisana komuthi; ngcono ukubukeka kwethebhulethi Linda. Iphinde ibe nezinzuzo zezinqubo ezimbalwa, isikhathi esifushane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nokuzuza okuncane kwesisindo sethebhulethi. Izinga lamaphilisi anamekwe ngefilimu lincike kakhulu ekubunjweni nakwikhwalithi ye-tablet core, ukugunyazwa koketshezi olunamathelayo, izimo zokusebenza zokumboza, izimo zokupakisha nezokugcina, njll. Ukwakheka kanye nekhwalithi yomgogodla wethebhulethi kuboniswa ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezisebenzayo ze-core tablet, izici ezisizayo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokubukeka, ukuqina, izingcezu eziphukayo, kanye nokuma komgogodla wethebhulethi. Ukwakhiwa koketshezi lokumboza ngokuvamile kuqukethe ama-polymers amangqamuzana aphezulu, ama-plasticizers, odayi, ama-solvents, njll., kanye nezimo zokusebenza ze-coating ibhalansi eguquguqukayo yokufafaza nokomisa kanye nemishini yokumboza.
1.Ukuhuzuka ohlangothini olulodwa, ukuqhekeka konqenqema lwefilimu nokuxebuka
Ukuqina kobuso obuphezulu be-tablet core buncane kakhulu, futhi bubhekana kalula nokungqubuzana nokucindezeleka okuqinile phakathi nenqubo yokumboza, futhi impushana yohlangothi olulodwa noma izinhlayiya ziyawa, okuholela kuma-pockmarks noma izimbotshana ebusweni be-tablet core, egugile ohlangothini olulodwa, ikakhulukazi ngefilimu eqoshiwe Emakiwe. Ingxenye esengozini kakhulu yefilimu kuthebhulethi ehlanganiswe nefilimu ngamakhona. Uma ukunamathela noma amandla efilimu enganele, ukuqhekeka nokuxebuka kwemiphetho yefilimu kungenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-volatilization ye-solvent ibangela ukuba ifilimu inciphe, futhi ukunwetshwa ngokweqile kwefilimu yokumboza kanye nomgogodla kwandisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwefilimu, okudlula amandla aqinile wefilimu yokugqoka.
1.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu ezibalulekile
Ngokuqondene ne-chip core, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ikhwalithi ye-chip core ayilungile, futhi ukuqina nokuqina kuncane. Phakathi nenqubo yokumboza, umgogodla wethebhulethi ubhekene nokungqubuzana okuqinile lapho ugoqa epanini lokugqoka, futhi kunzima ukumelana namandla anjalo ngaphandle kobunzima obanele, obuhlobene nokubunjwa kanye nendlela yokulungiselela ingqikithi yethebhulethi. Lapho sipakisha amaphilisi e-nifedipine akhishwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngenxa yobulukhuni obuncane be-tablet core, impushana yavela ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuholela ezimbotsheni, futhi ifilimu yethebhulethi ehlanganiswe nefilimu yayingasheleli futhi ibukeka kabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici sokumboza sihlobene nohlobo lwethebhulethi. Uma ifilimu ingakhululekile, ikakhulukazi uma ifilimu ine-logo emqhele, ijwayele ukugqoka ohlangothini olulodwa.
Emsebenzini wokumboza, isivinini sokufutha esinensa kakhulu kanye nokungenisa komoya okukhulu noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokungena komoya kuzoholela esivinini sokumisa ngokushesha, ukwakheka kwefilimu ehamba kancane yamakhora ethebhulethi, isikhathi eside sokungenzi lutho kwamakhora ethebhulethi epanini lokumboza, kanye nesikhathi eside sokuguga. Okwesibili, ingcindezi ye-atomization inkulu, i-viscosity ye-coating liquid iphansi, amaconsi esikhungweni se-atomization agxiliwe, futhi i-solvent iyashintsha ngemva kokusabalala kwamaconsi, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kwangaphakathi; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezindawo ezihlangothini olulodwa nakho kwandisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwefilimu futhi kusheshise ifilimu. Imiphetho eqhekekile.
Ukwengeza, uma ijubane lokujikeleza kwe-pan yokugqoka lishesha kakhulu noma ukulungiselelwa kwe-baffle kungenangqondo, amandla okungqubuzana kuthebhulethi azoba makhulu, ukuze uketshezi lokugcoba lungasakazeki kahle, futhi ukwakheka kwefilimu kuzohamba kancane, okuzobangela ukugqoka ohlangothini olulodwa.
Kusukela ku-liquid enamathela, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhethwa kwe-polymer ekubunjweni kanye ne-viscosity ephansi (ukugxila) kwe-liquid yokugqoka, kanye nokunamathela okubi phakathi kwefilimu yokugqoka kanye ne-tablet core.
1.2 Isixazululo
Enye iwukulungisa incwadi kadokotela noma inqubo yokukhiqiza yethebhulethi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bengqikithi yethebhulethi. I-HPMC yinto evame ukusetshenziswa enamathelayo. Ukunamathela kwezisetshenziswa zethebhulethi kuhlobene namaqembu e-hydroxyl kuma-molecule asizayo, futhi amaqembu e-hydroxyl enza izibopho ze-hydrogen namaqembu ahambisanayo e-HPMC ukuze akhiqize ukunamathela okuphezulu; Ukunamathela kuyancipha, futhi uhlangothi olulodwa kanye nefilimu yokugqoka ijwayele ukuhlukana. Inani lamaqembu e-hydroxyl ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana e-microcrystalline cellulose liphezulu, futhi linamandla okunamathela aphezulu, futhi amaphilisi alungiswe nge-lactose nabanye ushukela anamandla okunamathela amaphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, ikakhulukazi amafutha e-hydrophobic afana ne-stearic acid, i-magnesium stearate, ne-glyceryl stearate, kuzonciphisa ukubopha kwe-hydrogen phakathi kwe-tablet core kanye ne-polymer kwisixazululo sokugqoka, okwenza ukunamathela Amandla ayancipha, futhi ngokwanda kokugcoba, amandla okunamathela kancane kancane ayancipha. Ngokuvamile, lapho inani lokuthambisa liyanda, yilapho ukunamathela kuba buthaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhethweni kohlobo lwethebhulethi, uhlobo lwethebhulethi eyindilinga ye-biconvex kufanele lusetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe, okunganciphisa ukwenzeka kokukhubazeka kokunamathela.
Okwesibili ukulungisa umgomo we-coating liquid, ukwandisa okuqukethwe okuqinile oketshezini olunamanzi noma i-viscosity ye-coating liquid, futhi uthuthukise amandla nokunamathela kwefilimu yokugqoka, okuyindlela elula yokuxazulula inkinga. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe okuqinile ohlelweni lokumboza ngamanzi kungu-12%, futhi okuqukethwe okuqinile ohlelweni lwe-organic solvent kungu-5% kuya ku-8%.
Umehluko ku-viscosity ye-coating liquid ithinta isivinini kanye nezinga lokungena koketshezi olunamathela kumongo wethebhulethi. Uma kukhona ukungena okuncane noma kungekho, ukunamathela kuphansi kakhulu. I-viscosity ye-coating liquid kanye nezakhiwo zefilimu yokugqoka ihlobene nesisindo se-molecular ye-polymer ekubunjweni. Ukuphakama kwesisindo samangqamuzana, kukhulu ukuqina kwefilimu enamathelayo, ukunwebeka okuncane kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa. Isibonelo, i-HPMC ethengiswayo inamabanga ahlukene e-viscosity ongayikhetha ngenxa yomehluko wesilinganiso sesisindo samangqamuzana. Ngaphezu kwethonya le-polymer, ukwengeza ama-plasticizers noma ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-talc kunganciphisa izehlakalo zokuqhekeka konqenqema lwefilimu, kodwa ukungezwa kwama-colorants i-iron oxide ne-titanium dioxide nakho kungathinta amandla efilimu yokumboza, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngokulinganisela.
Okwesithathu, ekusebenzeni kokugqoka, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ijubane lokufafaza, ikakhulukazi lapho ukugqoka kuqala kuqalwa, ijubane lokufafaza kufanele libe ngokushesha kancane, ukuze umgogodla wethebhulethi uhlanganiswe nongqimba lwefilimu ngesikhathi esifushane, esidlala indima yokuvikela umgogodla wethebhulethi. Ukwandisa izinga lokufafaza kunganciphisa izinga lokushisa lombhede, izinga lokuhwamuka kanye nokushisa kwefilimu, kunciphise ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, futhi kuphinde kunciphise isigameko sokuqhekeka kwefilimu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungisa isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-pan yokunamathisela ibe yisimo esihle kakhulu, futhi usethe i-baffle ngokunengqondo ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana nokuguga.
2.Ukunamathela kanye namabhamuza
Enqubweni yokumboza, lapho ukuhlangana kwesixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbili kukhulu kunamandla okuhlukanisa amangqamuzana, izingcezu ezimbalwa (izinhlayiya eziningi) zizobopha kafushane bese zihlukana. Lapho ibhalansi phakathi kwe-spray kanye nokomisa ingalungile, ifilimu imanzi kakhulu, ifilimu izonamathela odongeni lwebhodwe noma inamathele komunye nomunye, kodwa futhi ibangele ukuphuka kwefilimu endaweni yokunamathela; Ku-spray, lapho amaconsi engomisiwe ngokugcwele, amaconsi anganqamuki azohlala efilimu yokugqoka yendawo, kukhona ama-bubbles amancane, okwenza ungqimba lwe-bubble coating, ukuze ishidi lokugqoka livele ama-bubbles.
2.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu ezibalulekile
Ubukhulu kanye nesigameko salesi sici sokumboza sibangelwa ikakhulukazi izimo zokusebenza zokumboza, ukungalingani phakathi kwesifutho nokomisa. Ijubane lokufafaza lishesha kakhulu noma umthamo wegesi ye-athomu likhulu kakhulu. Isivinini sokumisa sihamba kancane kakhulu ngenxa yevolumu ephansi yokungena komoya noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokungena komoya kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi lombhede weshidi. Ishidi alomisiwe ungqimba ngokwengqimba ngesikhathi futhi ukunamathela noma amabhamuza ayenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-spray engalungile I-Angle noma ibanga, i-cone eyakhiwe yi-spray incane, futhi uketshezi lokugcoba lugxilwe endaweni ethile, okuholela ekumanzini kwendawo, okuholela ekunamatheleni. Kukhona ibhodwe elinesivinini esinejubane elincane, amandla e-centrifugal mancane kakhulu, ukugoqa kwefilimu akukuhle nakho kuzokhiqiza ukunamathela.
I-viscosity ye-coating liquid inkulu kakhulu, futhi ingenye yezizathu. I-viscosity ye-liquid yezingubo inkulu, kulula ukwenza amaconsi enkungu amakhulu, ikhono layo lokungena emnyombweni limpofu, ukuhlanganisa okuhlangene nohlangothi olulodwa nokunamathela, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuminyana kwefilimu kumpofu, ama-bubbles amaningi. Kodwa lokhu akunawo umthelela omningi ekunamatheleni kwesikhashana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwefilimu olungalungile luzovela nokunamathela. Uma ifilimu flat in the enamathela ebhodweni rolling alilungile, ngeke kweqe ndawonye, kulula ukubangela kabili noma multi-ungqimba ifilimu. Emkhiqizweni wethu wokuhlola wamaphilisi e-buflomedil hydrochloride, izingcezu eziningi ezigqagqene zivele ebhodweni elivamile lokumboza lama-chestnuts ngenxa yokwemboza okuyisicaba.
2.2 Izixazululo
Ikakhulukazi ukulungisa isifutho nesivinini sokumisa ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi eguquguqukayo. Yehlisa isivinini sokufutha, khulisa umthamo womoya ongenisayo kanye nezinga lokushisa lomoya, khulisa izinga lokushisa lombhede kanye nesivinini sokumisa. Khulisa indawo yokumboza yesifutho, wehlise isilinganiso sosayizi wezinhlayiyana zamaconsi of spray noma ulungise ibanga phakathi kwesibhamu sesifutho nombhede weshidi, ukuze izehlakalo zokunamathela kwesikhashana zehle ngokulungiswa kwebanga phakathi kwesibhamu sesifutho nombhede weshidi.
Lungisa incwadi kadokotela yesixazululo sokumboza, wandise okuqukethwe okuqinile kusixazululo sokumboza, wehlise inani le-solvent noma ukhuphule ukugcwala kwe-ethanol ngokufanele phakathi kobubanzi be-viscosity; I-Anti-adhesive nayo ingangezwa ngokufanelekile, njenge-talcum powder, i-magnesium stearate, i-silica gel powder noma i-oxide peptide. Ingakwazi ukuthuthukisa kahle isivinini sebhodwe lokumboza, ikhulise amandla e-centrifugal ombhede.
Khetha i-sheet coating efanele. Kodwa-ke, kumashidi ayisicaba, njengamaphilisi e-buflomedil hydrochloride, ukumbozwa kwenziwa ngempumelelo kamuva ngokusebenzisa i-pan yokugqoka ephumelelayo noma ngokufaka i-baffle epanini elijwayelekile lokugqoka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugoqa kweshidi.
3.Isikhumba esimahhadla ohlangothini olulodwa nesishwabene
Enkambweni yokugqoka, ngenxa yokuthi uketshezi lokugcoba alusakazeki kahle, i-polymer eyomile ayihlakazwanga, ukufakwa okungavamile noma ukunamathela ebusweni befilimu, okuholela embala ompofu kanye nobukhulu obungalingani. Isikhumba esishwabene siwuhlobo lwamaholoholo, isibonisi esibonakalayo esimaholoholo.
3.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu ezibalulekile
Okokuqala kuhlobene ne-chip core. Uma kukhulu ukukhahlamezeka kokuqala kwengqikithi, ubukhulu obungaphezulu bomkhiqizo oboshiwe buyoba bukhulu.
Okwesibili, inobudlelwano obuhle nencwadi yesixazululo sokugqoka. Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi isisindo samangqamuzana, ukugxila kanye nezithasiselo ze-polymer kusixazululo sokumboza kuhlobene nokuqina okungaphezulu kwefilimu. Benza ngokuthinta i-viscosity yesisombululo se-coating, futhi ukuqina kwefilimu yokugqoka cishe kuhambisana ne-viscosity yesisombululo sokugqoka, okwandayo nokwanda kwe-viscosity. Okuqukethwe okuqinile okuningi kusixazululo sokumboza kungabangela kalula ukuhwalala kohlangothi olulodwa.
Okokugcina, kuhlobene nokusebenza kokugqoka. Ijubane le-atomization liphansi kakhulu noma liphezulu kakhulu (umphumela we-atomization awumuhle), akwanele ukusabalalisa amaconsi enkungu futhi kwakha isikhumba esishwabene esihlangothini olulodwa. Futhi umthamo oweqile womoya owomile (i-exhaust air inkulu kakhulu) noma izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, ukuhwamuka okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi ukugeleza komoya kukhulu kakhulu, kukhiqiza i-eddy current, futhi kwenza ukusabalala kwamaconsi akukuhle.
3.2 Izixazululo
Okokuqala ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomgogodla. Ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-core, lungisa isixazululo sesisombululo se-coating futhi unciphise i-viscosity (ukugxila) noma okuqukethwe okuqinile kwesisombululo sokugqoka. Isixazululo se-alcohol-soluble noma i-alcohol-2-water coating singakhethwa. Bese ulungisa izimo zokusebenza, uthuthukise ngokufanele isivinini sebhodwe lokugqoka, wenze ifilimu igoqe ngokulinganayo, ukwandise ukungqubuzana, ukhuthaze ukusabalala koketshezi lokugcoba. Uma izinga lokushisa lombhede liphezulu, nciphisa umthamo womoya owuthathayo kanye nezinga lokushisa lomoya wokungenisa. Uma kunezizathu zokufutha, ingcindezi ye-atomization kufanele inyuswe ukuze kusheshiswe isivinini sokufutha, futhi izinga le-atomization kanye nevolumu yesifutho kufanele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kwenziwe amaconsi enkungu asakazeke ngenkani ebusweni beshidi, ukuze akhe amaconsi enkungu anesilinganiso esincane esiphakathi nendawo futhi avimbele ukuvela kwamaconsi enkungu enkulu, ikakhulukazi uketshezi lokumboza nge-viscosity enkulu. Ibanga phakathi kwesibhamu se-spray kanye nombhede weshidi lingashintshwa. Isibhamu sokufutha esinobubanzi benozzle encane (015 mm ~ 1.2 mm) kanye nezinga lokugeleza okuphezulu kwegesi ye-atomizing kuyakhethwa. Umumo wesifutho ulungiselwe uhla olubanzi lwekhoni eyisicaba Ukugeleza kwenkungu I-engeli, ukuze amaconsi ahlakazeke endaweni enkulu emaphakathi.
4.Khomba ibhuloho
4.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu ezibalulekile
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingaphezulu lefilimu limakwa noma limakwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ulwelwesi lwezingubo lukweleta imingcele yemishini enengqondo, efana nokunwebeka okuphezulu, amandla efilimu ampofu, ukunamatheliswa kahle kwengubo, njll., lapho ulwelwesi lwengubo lumile lukhiqiza ukudonsela emuva, kusukela ekugxilweni kobuso be-membrane, ukuhoxiswa kwe-membrane kanye nokwehliswa kwebhuloho kwenzeka, kwenza inothi yohlangothi olulodwa inyamalale noma i-logo ayicacile, izizathu zalesi simo zitholakala ebhalweni loketshezi.
4.2 Isixazululo
Lungisa ukubhaliswa kwesisombululo se-coating. Sebenzisa ama-polymers anesisindo esiphansi noma izinto zokwakha ifilimu yokunamathela ephezulu; Khulisa inani le-solvent, unciphise i-viscosity yesisombululo sokugqoka; Khulisa inani le-plasticizer, unciphise ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Umphumela we-plasticizer ohlukile uhlukile, i-polyethylene glycol 200 ingcono kune-propylene glycol, i-glycerin. Kunganciphisa futhi isivinini sokufutha. Khulisa izinga lokushisa lokungenisa umoya, ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lombhede weshidi, ukuze ukugqoka okwenziwe kuqine, kodwa ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka konqenqemeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuklanyweni kokufa okumakiwe, kufanele sinake ububanzi be-Angle yokusika namanye amaphuzu amahle, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwento yebhuloho.
5.Clothing ulwelwesi chromatism
5.1 Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu ezibalulekile
Ezixazululweni eziningi zokugqoka kukhona ama-pigments noma ama-dyes amisiwe kusixazululo sokugqoka futhi ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile kokugqoka, ukusabalalisa kombala akufani futhi umehluko wombala ukhiqizwa phakathi kwezingcezu noma ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezingcezu. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ijubane lebhodwe lokugqoka lihamba kancane kakhulu noma ukusebenza kahle kokuxuba kumpofu, futhi umphumela wokugqoka umfaniswano awukwazi ukutholakala phakathi kwezicucu ngesikhathi sokugqoka esivamile; Ukuhlushwa kwe-pigment noma udayi oketshezini olunemibala ephezulu kakhulu noma okuqukethwe okuqinile kuphezulu kakhulu, noma isivinini sokufafaza se-coating liquid sishesha kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lombhede liphezulu kakhulu, ukuze uketshezi olunombala olunombala lungaqedwa ngesikhathi; Ukunamathela kwefilimu nakho kungabangelwa; Ukuma kocezu akufanelekile, njengocezu olude, ucezu olumise okwe-capsule, ngenxa yokugoqa njengesiqephu esiyindilinga, kuzophinde kubangele umehluko wombala.
5.2 Isixazululo
Khulisa ijubane le-coating pan noma inombolo ye-baffle, lungisa isimo esifanele, ukuze ishidi epanini ligoqeke ngokulinganayo. Yehlisa isivinini se-coating liquid spray, unciphise izinga lokushisa lombhede. Emklamweni kadokotela wesisombululo sokumboza esinemibala, umthamo noma okuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-pigment noma udayi kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi i-pigment enesembozo esiqinile kufanele ikhethwe. I-pigment noma udayi kufanele ube buthakathaka futhi izinhlayiya kufanele zibe zincane. Odayi abangancibiliki emanzini bangcono kunodayi abancibilika emanzini, odayi abangancibiliki emanzini abafuduki kalula njengamadayi ancibilikayo emanzini, futhi shading, ukuzinza kanye nokunciphisa umhwamuko wamanzi, i-oxidation ekungeneni kwefilimu nakho kungcono kunodayi abancibilika emanzini. Khetha futhi uhlobo olufanele lwesiqephu. Enkambweni yokugqoka ifilimu, kuvame ukuba nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinkinga, izici ziningi, zingaxazululwa ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomgogodla, ukulungisa i-coating kadokotela nokusebenza, ukuze kuzuzwe isicelo esiguquguqukayo kanye nokusebenza kwe-dialectical. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugqoka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini emisha yokugqoka kanye nezinto zokugqoka ifilimu, ubuchwepheshe bokugqoka buzothuthukiswa kakhulu, ukugqoka ifilimu nakho kuzothola ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo ekukhiqizeni amalungiselelo aqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-25-2024