1. Selulose inyuzwa muri D-glucopyranose β- Polima ihuza 1,4 glycoside bonds. Uruhu rwa selulose ubwarwo rufite kristali nyinshi kandi ntirushobora guhindurwamo gelatin mu mazi cyangwa ngo rube uruhererekane, bityo rugomba guhinduka shimi. Hydroxyl yigenga ku myanya ya C-2, C-3 na C-6 iruha imikorere ya shimi kandi ishobora kuba oxidized reaction, etherification, esterification na graft copolymerization. Gushonga kwa selulose yahinduwe bishobora kunozwa kandi bikagira imikorere myiza yo gukora filime.
2. Mu 1908, umuhanga mu bya shimi w’Umusuwisi witwa Jacques Brandenberg yateguye cellophane ya mbere ya cellulose, ari nayo yatangije iterambere ry’ibikoresho bigezweho byoroshye bipfunyika. Kuva mu myaka ya 1980, abantu batangiye kwiga cellulose yahinduwe nk’ifiriti n’imvange. Imvange ya cellulose yahinduwe ni ibikoresho bya membrane bikozwe mu bikomoka ku bimera byabonetse nyuma yo guhindura cellulose mu buryo bwa shimi. Ubwo bwoko bw’imvange bufite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, bworoshye, bugaragara, burwanya amavuta, ntibugira impumuro nziza kandi ntibugira uburyohe, burwanya amazi n’umwuka wa ogisijeni mu rugero ruciriritse.
3. CMC ikoreshwa mu biribwa bikaranze, nk'amafiriti, kugira ngo igabanye kwinjiza ibinure. Iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe na calcium chloride, ingaruka ziba nziza kurushaho. HPMC na MC bikoreshwa cyane mu biribwa bishyushye, cyane cyane mu biribwa bikaranze, kuko ari gel zishyushye. Muri Afurika, MC, HPMC, poroteyine y'ibigori na amylose bikoreshwa mu gukumira amavuta yo kurya mu biribwa bikozwe mu ifu y'ibishyimbo bitukura bikaranze cyane, nko gutera no gusiga ibi binyabutabire ku dupira tw'ibishyimbo bitukura kugira ngo bitegure uduce two kurya. Uduce twa MC twinjijwe mu mazi ni two dukoresha amavuta menshi mu kugabanya kwinjiza ibinure ku kigero cya 49%. Muri rusange, ingero zinjijwe mu mazi zigaragaza ko amavuta ari make kurusha izipimwe.
4. MCkandi HPMC ikoreshwa kandi mu bipimo bya sitashi nk'udupira tw'ibirayi, ifu, udukarito tw'ibirayi n'ifu kugira ngo inoze imikorere y'uruvange rw'ibirayi, akenshi hakoreshejwe gutera imiti. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko MC ifite imikorere myiza yo kuziba ubushuhe n'amavuta. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo kubika amazi bushingiye ahanini ku kuba ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kunyura mu mazi. Binyuze muri mikorosikopi, bigaragara ko agapira ka MC gafata neza ibiryo bikaranze. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko irangi rya HPMC riterwa ku dupira tw'inkoko rifata amazi neza kandi rishobora kugabanya cyane ingano y'amavuta mu gihe cyo gukaranga. Amazi y'icyitegererezo cya nyuma ashobora kwiyongeraho 16.4%, ingano y'amavuta ishobora kugabanukaho 17.9%, naho ingano y'amavuta imbere ishobora kugabanukaho 33.7%. Imikorere y'amavuta y'uruvange ifitanye isano n'imikorere ya gel y'ubushyuhe yaHPMC. Mu ntangiriro za gel, ubushyuhe buriyongera vuba, guhuza hagati ya molekile bibaho vuba, naho gel z'umuti ziba kuri 50-90 ℃. Urupapuro rwa gel rushobora kubuza amazi n'amavuta kwimuka mu gihe cyo gukaranga. Kongeramo hydrogel ku rundi ruhande rw'inkoko zikaranze zitwikiriwe mu duce tw'umugati bishobora kugabanya ingorane zo gutegura, kandi bishobora kugabanya cyane uburyo amabere y'inkoko yinjiramo amavuta no kugumana imiterere yihariye y'ibyitegererezo.
5. Nubwo HPMC ari ibikoresho byiza byo kuribwa bifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike kandi birwanya umwuka w’amazi, ifite isoko rito cyane. Hari ibintu bibiri biyibuza kuyikoresha: icya mbere, ni gel ishyushye, ni ukuvuga gel ikomeye isa na viscoelastic yakozwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ariko ikaba mu gisubizo gifite viscoelastic nkeya cyane ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba. Kubera iyo mpamvu, matrix igomba gushyuha cyane kandi ikanikwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo kuyitegura. Bitabaye ibyo, mu gihe cyo gusiga, gutera cyangwa kuyijugunya, umuti uba woroshye kumanuka, ugakora ibikoresho bitangana bya filime, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya filime ziribwa. Byongeye kandi, iki gikorwa kigomba gutuma ahantu hose ho gukorera haguma hejuru ya 70 ℃, bigatakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kugabanya urugero rwa gel cyangwa kongera viscose yayo ku bushyuhe buke. Icya kabiri, irahenze cyane, hafi 100000 yuan/toni.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 26 Mata 2024