1. A na-eji D-glucopyranose β- Polima linear nke e ji njikọ nke njikọ 1,4 glycoside mee ka cellulose dị. Akpụkpọ ahụ cellulose n'onwe ya bụ kristal dị ukwuu, a pụghịkwa itinye ya na mmiri ma ọ bụ mepụta ya ka ọ bụrụ akpụkpọ ahụ, yabụ a ga-agbanwe ya site na kemịkalụ. Hydroxil efu dị na ọnọdụ C-2, C-3 na C-6 na-enye ya ọrụ kemịkalụ ma enwere ike iji ya mee ihe mmeghachi omume oxidized, etherification, esterification na graft copolymerization. Enwere ike imeziwanye mgbaze nke cellulose agbanwere agbanwe ma nwee arụmọrụ dị mma nke imepụta ihe nkiri.
2. Na 1908, onye Switzerland na-emepụta kemistrị Jacques Brandenberg kwadebere ihe nkiri cellulose mbụ, nke bụ cellophane, nke malitere imepụta ihe eji eme ihe n'oge a dị nro nke na-enweghị ntụpọ. Kemgbe afọ 1980, ndị mmadụ malitere ịmụ cellulose agbanwere agbanwe dị ka ihe nkiri na mkpuchi a na-eri eri. Akpụkpọ ahụ cellulose agbanwere agbanwe bụ ihe e ji akpụkpọ ahụ mee site na ihe ndị e nwetara mgbe emechara mgbanwe kemịkalụ nke cellulose. Ụdị akpụkpọ ahụ a nwere ike nrụgide dị elu, mgbanwe, nghọta, iguzogide mmanụ, enweghị isi na enweghị uto, mmiri dị n'etiti na iguzogide oxygen.
3. A na-eji CMC eme nri e ghere eghe, dị ka fries French, iji belata nnabata abụba. Mgbe ejiri ya na calcium chloride, mmetụta ya ka mma. A na-ejikarị HPMC na MC eme nri e ji ọkụ gwọọ, ọkachasị na nri e ghere eghe, n'ihi na ha bụ gels okpomọkụ. Na Afrịka, a na-eji MC, HPMC, protein ọka na amylose egbochi mmanụ a na-eri n'ime nri e ji agwa uhie mee eghe miri emi, dị ka ịgbasa na itinye ihe ndị a na-esi n'ime bọọlụ agwa uhie iji kwadebe ihe nkiri a na-eri. Ihe mkpuchi MC a na-etinye n'ime mmiri bụ nke kachasị dị irè na mgbochi mmanụ, nke nwere ike ibelata nnabata mmanụ site na 49%. N'ozuzu, ihe nlele a na-etinye n'ime mmiri na-egosi obere nnabata mmanụ karịa nke a na-agba.
4. MCA na-ejikwa HPMC eme ihe n'ihe atụ starch dịka bọọlụ nduku, batter, chips nduku na mgwakota agwa iji melite arụmọrụ mgbochi, na-abụkarị site na ịgbasa. Nnyocha ahụ na-egosi na MC nwere arụmọrụ kachasị mma nke igbochi mmiri na mmanụ. Ike idobe mmiri ya bụ isi n'ihi obere hydrophilicity ya. Site na mikroskopu, enwere ike ịhụ na ihe nkiri MC nwere ezigbo nrapado na nri e siri esi. Ọmụmụ ihe egosila na mkpuchi HPMC nke a na-agba na bọọlụ ọkụkọ nwere ezigbo nchekwa mmiri ma nwee ike ibelata ọdịnaya mmanụ n'oge ighe. Enwere ike ịbawanye ọdịnaya mmiri nke ihe nlele ikpeazụ site na 16.4%, enwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya elu nke mmanụ site na 17.9%, enwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya mmanụ dị n'ime site na 33.7%. Arụmọrụ nke mmanụ mgbochi metụtara arụmọrụ jel okpomọkụ nkeHPMCN'oge mbụ nke gel ahụ, viscosity na-abawanye ngwa ngwa, njikọ intermolecular na-eme ngwa ngwa, gels ngwọta na-apụtakwa na 50-90 ℃. Ibe gel ahụ nwere ike igbochi mbugharị mmiri na mmanụ n'oge ighe. Ịtinye hydrogel na oyi akwa mpụta nke mpempe ọkụkọ e ghere eghe nke a gbanyere n'ime achịcha nwere ike ibelata nsogbu nke usoro nkwadebe ahụ, ma nwee ike ibelata nnabata mmanụ nke ara ọkụkọ ma nọgide na-enwe mmetụta pụrụ iche nke ihe nlele ahụ.
5. Ọ bụ ezie na HPMC bụ ihe eji eme ihe nkiri a na-eri nke ọma, nke nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ọ na-eguzogide uzuoku mmiri, mana ọ nwere obere òkè ahịa. E nwere ihe abụọ na-egbochi ojiji ya: nke mbụ, ọ bụ gel okpomọkụ, ya bụ, gel viscoelastic siri ike nke e mepụtara na okpomọkụ dị elu, mana ọ dị na ngwọta nwere obere viscosity na okpomọkụ ụlọ. N'ihi ya, a ga-eme ka matriks ahụ kpoo ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ na okpomọkụ dị elu n'oge nkwadebe. Ma ọ bụghị ya, n'oge mkpuchi, ịgbasa ma ọ bụ itinye mmiri, ngwọta ahụ dị mfe ịgbada, na-emepụta ihe nkiri na-adịghị nhata, na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke ihe nkiri a na-eri. Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ a kwesịrị ijide n'aka na a na-edebe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe niile n'elu 70 ℃, na-emefusị nnukwu okpomọkụ. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ibelata isi gel ya ma ọ bụ mụbaa viscosity ya na obere okpomọkụ. Nke abụọ, ọ dị oke ọnụ, ihe dị ka 100000 yuan/ton.
Oge ozi: Eprel-26-2024