1. Chikhalidwe choyambirira cha HPMC
Hypromellose, dzina la Chingerezi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, dzina lina HPMC. Fomula yake ya molekyulu ndi C8H15O8-(C10Hl8O6)n-C8Hl5O8, ndipo kulemera kwa molekyulu ndi pafupifupi 86,000. Chogulitsachi ndi chinthu chopangidwa mwapadera, chomwe ndi gawo la gulu la methyl komanso gawo la polyhydroxypropyl ether ya cellulose. Chingapangidwe m'njira ziwiri: imodzi ndi kuchiza methyl cellulose ya kalasi yoyenera ndi NaOH, kenako kuchitapo kanthu ndi propylene oxide pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Nthawi yochitirapo kanthu iyenera kusungidwa kuti magulu a methyl ndi hydroxypropyl agwirizane ndi ether. Mtundu wa umalumikizidwa ndi mphete ya anhydroglucose ya cellulose, ndipo ukhoza kufika pamlingo womwe ukufunidwa; ina ndi kuchiza thonje kapena ulusi wa matabwa ndi caustic soda, kenako nkuchipeza pochitapo kanthu ndi chlorinated methane ndi propylene oxide motsatizana, kenako nkuchiyeretsanso, Pulverize, kupanga ufa wabwino kapena wofanana. HPMC ndi mtundu wa cellulose wachilengedwe wa zomera, ndipo ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, chomwe chili ndi gwero lalikulu. Pakadali pano, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pa mankhwala omwa.
Mtundu wa mankhwalawa ndi woyera mpaka woyera ngati mkaka, si poizoni komanso wopanda kukoma, ndipo ndi ufa wosalala kapena wa ulusi, woyenda mosavuta. Ndi wokhazikika bwino mukakumana ndi kuwala ndi chinyezi. Umatupa m'madzi ozizira kuti upange yankho loyera ngati mkaka la colloidal lomwe lili ndi kukhuthala kwina. Chochitika cha sol-gel interconversion chingachitike chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha kwa kuchuluka kwa yankho. N'zosavuta kusungunuka mu 70% alcohol kapena dimethyl ketone, ndipo sichingasungunuke mu anhydrous alcohol, chloroform kapena ethoxyethane.
Hypromellose imakhala yokhazikika bwino pamene pH ili pakati pa 4.0 ndi 8.0, ndipo imatha kukhala yokhazikika pakati pa 3.0 ndi 11.0. Pambuyo poisunga kwa masiku 10 kutentha kwa 20°C ndi chinyezi cha 80%, chiŵerengero cha kuyamwa kwa chinyezi cha HPMC ndi 6.2%.
Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa zomwe zili m'malo awiriwa mu kapangidwe ka hypromellose, methoxy ndi hydroxypropyl, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu yawonekera. Mu kuchuluka kwina, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu ili ndi kukhuthala kwinakwake ndipo kutentha kwa kutentha kwa gelation, motero, kuli ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala a pharmacopoeia a mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mafotokozedwe a chitsanzochi: European Pharmacopoeia imachokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukhuthala kosiyana ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamsika. Imafotokozedwa ndi giredi kuphatikiza nambala. Gawo ndi mPa•s. Pambuyo powonjezera manambala 4 kuti asonyeze zomwe zili ndi mtundu wa chosinthira chilichonse cha hypromellose, mwachitsanzo, hypromellose 2208, manambala awiri oyamba akuyimira peresenti yoyerekeza ya gulu la methoxy, manambala awiri omaliza akuyimira hydroxypropyl Peresenti yoyerekeza ya milandu.
2. Njira yosungunula HPMC m'madzi
2.1 Njira ya madzi otentha
Popeza hypromellose sisungunuka m'madzi otentha, imatha kufalikira mofanana m'madzi otentha poyamba, kenako ikazizira, njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zafotokozedwa motere:
(1) Ikani madzi otentha okwanira mu chidebecho ndikutenthetsa mpaka madigiri 70 Celsius. Pang'onopang'ono onjezerani mankhwalawa pang'onopang'ono mukusakaniza. Poyamba, mankhwalawa amayandama pamwamba pa madzi, kenako pang'onopang'ono amapanga matope. Ziziritsani matope.
(2) Onjezani 1/3 kapena 2/3 ya madzi ofunikira mu chidebecho ndikutenthetsa mpaka 70°C kuti mufalitse mankhwalawa kuti mukonze slurry ya madzi otentha, kenako onjezerani madzi ozizira otsala kapena madzi oundana ku slurry ya madzi otentha. Mu slurry, ziritsani chisakanizocho mutatha kusakaniza.
2.2 Njira yosakanizira ufa
Tinthu ta ufa ndi zosakaniza zina zofanana kapena zazikulu zimasakanizidwa mokwanira posakaniza mouma, kenako madzi amawonjezedwa kuti asungunuke. Panthawiyi, hypromellose imatha kusungunuka popanda kusonkhana.
3. Ubwino wa HPMC
3.1 Kusungunuka kwa madzi ozizira
Imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira osakwana 40°C kapena 70% ethanol. Siisungunuka kwenikweni m'madzi otentha opitilira 60°C, koma imatha kusungunuka ndi gel.
3.2 Kusagwira ntchito kwa mankhwala
Hypromellose (HPMC) ndi mtundu wa ether ya cellulose yosakhala ionic. Yankho lake lilibe mphamvu ya ionic ndipo siligwirizana ndi mchere wachitsulo kapena mankhwala a ionic organic. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zina zowonjezerera sizigwirizana nalo panthawi yokonzekera.
3.3 Kukhazikika
Ndi yokhazikika bwino pa asidi ndi alkali, ndipo imatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa pH 3 mpaka 1l, ndipo kukhuthala kwake sikusintha kwenikweni. Madzi a hypromellose (HPMC) ali ndi mphamvu yotsutsana ndi nkhungu ndipo amatha kusunga kukhuthala kwabwino panthawi yosungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinthu zothandizira mankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito HPMC zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandizira zachikhalidwe (monga dextrin, starch, ndi zina zotero).
3.4 Kusintha kwa kukhuthala
Zochokera ku kukhuthala kosiyanasiyana za HPMC zimatha kusakanikirana mosiyanasiyana, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kumatha kusintha malinga ndi lamulo linalake, ndipo kumakhala ndi ubale wabwino wa mzere, kotero kumatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira.
3.5 Kulephera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya
HPMC siilowa m'thupi kapena kusinthidwa kukhala kagayidwe kake, ndipo sipereka ma calories, kotero ndi chinthu chothandiza kwambiri popangira mankhwala.
3.6 Chitetezo
Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti HPMC ndi chinthu chopanda poizoni komanso chosakwiyitsa. Mlingo wapakati wakupha wa mbewa ndi 5g/kg, ndipo mlingo wapakati wakupha wa makoswe ndi 5.2g/kg. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi woopsa kwa thupi la munthu.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito HPMC pokonzekera
4.1 Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zokutira filimu komanso zopangira filimu
Hypromellose (HPMC) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati piritsi lophimbidwa ndi filimu. Poyerekeza ndi mapiritsi ophimbidwa ndi shuga monga mapiritsi ophimbidwa ndi shuga, mapiritsi ophimbidwawo alibe ubwino woonekeratu pakubisa kukoma ndi mawonekedwe, koma kuuma kwawo ndi kusinthasintha, kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, kusweka, kuwonjezera kulemera ndi zizindikiro zina zabwino ndizabwino. Mlingo wotsika wa mankhwalawa umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba cha filimu chosungunuka m'madzi cha mapiritsi ndi mapiritsi, ndipo mlingo wapamwamba wa kukhuthala umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba cha filimu cha machitidwe osungunula achilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala 2.0%-20%.
4.2 monga chomangira ndi chopatukana
Mlingo wotsika wa mankhwalawa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chomangira ndi chosungunula mapiritsi, mapiritsi, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala kwakukulu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chomangira. Mlingo umasiyana malinga ndi mitundu ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa chomangira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapiritsi ouma ndi 5%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chomangira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapiritsi onyowa ndi 2%.
4.3 Monga wothandizira woyimitsa ntchito
Chotsukira ndi chinthu chokhuthala cha gel chomwe chimatha kusungunuka ndi madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira mu chotsukira kumatha kuchepetsa liwiro la tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasefukira, ndipo kumatha kumangiriridwa pamwamba pa tinthu kuti tinthu tisakhale ndi polymer ndi kuzizira kukhala chinthu cholemera. Chotsukira chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga chotsukira. HPMC ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa zotsukira. Njira yothetsera vutoli yomwe imasungunuka mkati mwake imatha kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa malo olumikizirana amadzimadzi ndi mphamvu yaulere pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba, motero imathandizira kukhazikika kwa dongosolo logawanika losiyanasiyana. Chogulitsachi ndi chotsukira chamadzimadzi chokhuthala kwambiri chomwe chimakonzedwa ngati chotsukira. Chili ndi mphamvu yabwino yotsukira, yosavuta kufalikira, yosamata, komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayandama. Kuchuluka kwanthawi zonse ndi 0.5% mpaka 1.5%.
4.4 Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choletsa, chotulutsa pang'onopang'ono komanso chowongolera komanso chopanga ma pore
Mlingo wapamwamba wa mankhwalawa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mapiritsi otulutsa gel matrix osasunthika, oletsa komanso othandizira omasulidwa olamulidwa a mapiritsi osakanikirana a matrix osasunthika. Uli ndi mphamvu yochedwetsa kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala. Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndi 10% ~ 80% (W /W). Mlingo wotsika wa kukhuthala umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira kupanga ma pore kuti atulutse mankhwala osasunthika kapena olamulidwa. Mlingo woyambirira wofunikira pa chithandizo cha mtundu uwu wa piritsi ukhoza kufikika mwachangu, kenako mphamvu yotulutsa yokhazikika kapena yolamulidwa imachitika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'magazi kumasungidwa m'thupi. Hypromellose imasungunuka kuti ipange gawo la gel ikakumana ndi madzi. Njira yotulutsira mankhwala kuchokera ku piritsi la matrix makamaka ndi kufalikira kwa gawo la gel ndi kuwonongeka kwa gawo la gel.
4.5 Guluu woteteza womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala komanso chokolera
Mankhwalawa akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala, kuchuluka kwa nthawi zonse kumakhala 0.45% ~ 1.0%. Mankhwalawa amathanso kulimbitsa guluu wosagwirizana ndi madzi, kupanga colloid yoteteza, kupewa kuphatikizika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kusonkhana kwa tinthu, motero kuletsa mapangidwe a zinyalala. Kuchuluka kwake kwa nthawi zonse ndi 0.5% ~ 1.5%.
4.6 Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu za kapisozi
Kawirikawiri, chipolopolo cha kapisozi cha kapisozi chimakhala ndi gelatin. Njira yopangira chipolopolo cha kapisozi cha Ming ndi yosavuta, koma pali mavuto ndi zochitika zina monga kuteteza bwino mankhwala ochepetsa chinyezi ndi mpweya, kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa mankhwala, komanso kuchedwa kwa kusweka kwa chipolopolo cha kapisozi posungira. Chifukwa chake, hypromellose imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zinthu za kapisozi pokonzekera makapisozi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapisozi isaume komanso igwiritsidwe ntchito bwino, ndipo yakhala ikulengezedwa kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja.
4.7 Monga chomatira cha bioglue
Ukadaulo womatira wa bioglue, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonjezerera ndi ma polima omatira a bioglue, pomatira ku mucosa wachilengedwe, kumawonjezera kusagwirizana ndi kulimba kwa kukhudzana pakati pa mankhwala ndi mucosa, kotero kuti mankhwalawa amatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuyamwa ndi mucosa kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha chithandizo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri tsopano. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a m'mphuno ndi m'kamwa. Ukadaulo womatira wa m'mimba ndi mtundu watsopano wa njira yoperekera mankhwala yomwe yapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa. Sikuti umangowonjezera nthawi yokhala yokonzekera mankhwala m'mimba, komanso umathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwalawa ndi nembanemba ya selo pamalo omwe amayamwa ndikusintha kusuntha kwa nembanemba ya selo. Mphamvu yolowera ya mankhwalawa ku maselo a epithelial a m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono imawonjezeka, motero kumawonjezera kupezeka kwa mankhwalawa.
4.8 Monga gel yopaka pamwamba
Monga chopangira zomatira pakhungu, gel ili ndi zabwino zambiri monga chitetezo, kukongola, kuyeretsa kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, njira yosavuta yokonzekera, komanso kugwirizana bwino ndi mankhwala. M'zaka zaposachedwa, yatchuka kwambiri ndipo yakhala chitukuko cha zokonzekera zakunja pakhungu.
4.9 Monga choletsa mvula mu dongosolo la emulsification
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-16-2021