E fia le Cellulose ethers i vailaʻau faʻapitoa?

O vaila'au fa'apitoa e fa'aogaina ma fa'aoga fesoasoani e fa'aaogaina i le gaosiga o vaila'au ma le fa'atulagaina o talavai, ma o se vaega taua o sauniuniga fa'afoma'i. I le avea ai o se mea e maua mai i le polymer, o le cellulose ether o loʻo i ai uiga o le biodegradability, non-toxicity, ma le tau maualalo, e pei o le sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,Cellulose etherse pei ole hydroxyethyl cellulose ma le ethyl cellulose e taua tele le fa'aogaina i vaila'au fa'apitoa. I le taimi nei, o oloa a le tele o pisinisi cellulose ether fale e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le ogatotonu ma le maualalo o fanua o le alamanuia, ma o le tau faaopoopo e le maualuga. E mana'omia vave e le alamanuia le suiga ma fa'aleleia ma fa'aleleia le fa'aogaina o oloa.

O vailaʻau faʻapitoa e iai se sao taua i le atinaʻeina ma le gaosiga o vailaʻau. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, i sauniuniga faʻamalolo tumau, o mea faʻapipiʻi e pei o cellulose ethers e faʻaaogaina e fai ma vailaʻau faʻapitoa i pelleti faʻatumauina-faʻasalalau, faʻasologa faʻasolosolo faʻapipiʻi matrix, faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻiina, capsules faʻamalolo tumau, faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, ma vailaʻau faʻamalolo tumau. Tapenaga ma vai sustained-release sauniuniga ua faʻaaogaina lautele. I lenei faiga, o polymers e pei o cellulose ethers e masani ona faʻaaogaina e avea ma vailaʻau faʻasaina e pulea ai le tuʻuina atu o vailaʻau i totonu o le tino o le tagata, o lona uiga, e manaʻomia le faʻasaʻoina lemu i totonu o le tino i se fua faʻatulagaina i totonu o se taimi faʻapitoa e ausia ai le faʻamoemoega o togafitiga lelei.

E tusa ai ma fuainumera o le Consulting and Research Department, e tusa ma le 500 ituaiga o mea faʻapitoa i luga o le maketi i loʻu atunuu, ae faʻatusatusa i le Iunaite Setete (sili atu i le 1500 ituaiga) ma le Iuni a Europa (sili atu i le 3000 ituaiga), o loʻo i ai se eseesega tele, ma o ituaiga e laiti. mea'ai fa'ama'i a lo'u atunu'u O le atina'e o le maketi e tele. O loʻo malamalama o le sefulu pito i luga ole vailaʻau faʻapitoa i le maketi a loʻu atunuu o vailaʻau gelatin capsules, sucrose, starch, paʻu paʻu ata tifaga, 1,2-propylene glycol, PVP, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ma fila microcrystalline. Vegetarian, HPC, lactose.

"O le cellulose ether natura o le faaupuga lautele mo se faasologa o mea e maua mai i le cellulose e maua mai i le tali atu o le cellulose alkali ma le etherifying agent i lalo o nisi tulaga, ma o se oloa lea o vaega hydroxyl i luga o le cellulose macromolecule o se vaega pe suia atoa e vaega ether. Cellulose ethers e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le suauʻu, mea faufale ma vailaʻau uma, vailaʻau, meaʻai i aso uma. O mea tau vailaau o lo'o i totonu o le ogatotonu ma le maualuga o vaega o le alamanuia ma e maualuga le tau fa'aopoopo ona o tulaga mana'omia lelei, o le gaosiga o le cellulose ethers e mafai ona fa'apea o le tulaga lelei o vaila'au fa'apitoa e mafai ona fa'atusalia le malosi fa'apitoa o le cellulose eteru e masani lava ona fa'aopoopoina ma fa'ameamea papa'a fa'ama'i fa'amatu'u fa'asa'o, mea fa'apipi'i fa'a'u'u-soluble, mea fa'apipi'i microcapsule fa'amatu'u fa'aola, mea ata tifaga fa'agata fa'asaina, ma isi.

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) o le cellulose ether ma le tele o gaosiga ma taumafa i le fale ma fafo. O se ionic cellulose ether e faia mai le cotton ma fafie e ala i le alkalization ma le etherification i le chloroacetic acid. CMC-Na ose vaila'au fa'aaoga masani. E masani ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se mea e fusifusia ai mo sauniuniga mautu ma o se mafiafia, faʻafefeteina ma faʻamautu mo sauniuniga vai. E mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se matrix soluble vai ma mea e fai ata tifaga. E masani ona fa'aogaina e avea o se mea e fa'asa'oloto-fa'asa'oloto ata tifaga ma sustained-release matrix tablet i fa'amautu (pulea) fa'asa'olotoga.

I le faaopoopo atu i le sodium carboxymethyl cellulose e avea ma vailaʻau faʻapitoa, e mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina le sodium croscarmellose e avea ma vailaʻau faʻapitoa. O le carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CCMC-Na) o loʻo fesoʻotaʻi faʻasaga i le vai o se mea e le mafai ona faʻafefeteina e faʻafefe ai le carboxymethyl cellulose ma se mea e faʻafesoʻotaʻi ai i se vevela faapitoa (40-80 ° C) i lalo o le gaioiga a se faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi oona ma faʻamamaina. O le sui fa'afeso'ota'i e mafai ona avea ma propylene glycol, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, adipic anhydride, ma isi mea faapena. Croscarmellose sodium o loʻo faʻaaogaina e avea o se faʻamaʻi mo papa, capsules ma granules i sauniuniga tautala. E faʻalagolago i le capillary ma le fulafula aʻafiaga e ausia ai le malepelepe. E i ai le compressibility lelei ma le ta'ape malosi. O suʻesuʻega ua faʻaalia ai o le fulafula o le sodium croscarmellose i totonu o le vai e sili atu nai lo mea faʻamaʻi masani e pei o le sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ma le microcrystalline cellulose.

Methyl cellulose (MC) o se non-ionic cellulose monoether faia mai le cotton ma laupapa e ala i alkalization ma methyl chloride etherification. Methyl cellulose e sili ona lelei le solubility i le vai ma e mautu i le pH o le 2.0 i le 13.0. E masani ona faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau faʻapitoa, ma e faʻaaogaina i sublingual tablets, intramuscular injections, ophthalmic preparations, oral capsules, oral suspensions, oral tablets and topical preparations. E le gata i lea, i le faʻapipiʻiina o le tuʻuina atu, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina le MC e avea o se hydrophilic gel matrix sustained-release formulation, gastric-soluble coating material, sustained-release microcapsule packaging material, sustained-release drug film material, etc.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) o se non-ionic cellulose fefiloi eter faia mai le cotton ma laupapa e ala i alkalization ma etherification o propylene oxide ma methyl chloride. E leai se manogi, leai se tofo, e le oona, solu ile vai malulu, ma gels ile vai vevela. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose o se cellulose fefiloi ether ituaiga ua vave ona faateleina i le gaosiga, taumafa ma le lelei i le 15 tausaga talu ai. O se tasi foi o vailaʻau sili ona tele faʻaaogaina i totonu ma fafo. Ua faʻaaogaina e avea o se vailaʻau faʻapitoa mo le lata i le 50 tausaga. Tausaga o le talafaasolopito. I le taimi nei, o le faʻaogaina o le HPMC o loʻo faʻaalia i vaega nei e lima:

O le tasi e pei o se fusifusia ma fa'amavae. O le HPMC e pei o se fusifusi e mafai ona fa'afaigofie ona susu le vaila'au, ma e mafai ona fa'alautele fa'aselau taimi pe a uma ona mitiia le vai, ina ia mafai ai ona fa'aleleia atili le fa'amavae po'o le tu'uina atu o le laulau. O le HPMC e malosi le viscosity, ma e mafai ona faʻaleleia le viscosity vaega ma faʻaleleia atili le faʻapipiʻiina o mea mataʻutia ma le maʻaleʻa pe malo. O le HPMC e maualalo le viscosity e mafai ona fa'aogaina e fai ma fa'amau ma fa'amavae, ma HPMC e maualuga le viscosity e mafai ona fa'aaogaina e fai ma fusi.

Lona lua, o lo'o fa'aaogaina e fai ma mea e fa'asa'oloto ma fa'atonutonu mo sauniuniga tu'u. O le HPMC ose mea e masani ona fa'aogaina hydrogel matrix i sauniuniga fa'asa'oloto. O le HPMC e maualalo le viscosity grade (5～50mPa·s) e mafai ona fa'aogaina e fai ma mea fa'apipi'i, viscosity fa'atuputeleina o le sui ma le so'o fa'amautu, ma le HPMC o le maualuga viscosity grade (4000 ~ 100000mPa·s) e mafai ona fa'aoga e saunia ai mea fefiloi matrix sustained-release papama ma sustained capsules matrixrelease sustained hydrochloride. papamaa. HPMC e soluble i le vai gastrointestinal, ei ai le lelei o le compressibility lelei, vai lelei, malosi uta fualaau faasaina ma uiga faamatuu atu fualaau faasaina e le aafia i le pH. O se mea e sili ona taua hydrophilic feaveai i faiga saunia-tuufua saunia ma e masani ona faaaogaina e pei O le hydrophilic gel matrix ma mea faʻapipiʻi o sauniuniga lagolagoina-tuu, ma faʻaaogaina i sauniuniga opeopea gastric ma faʻamalologa vailaʻau fesoasoani membrane mea.

O le lona tolu e avea o se mea e ufiufi ai ata tifaga.HPMCe iai uiga lelei e fai ata tifaga. O le ata na faia e ia e toniga, manino, ma faigata, ma e le faigofie ona pipii i le taimi o le gaosiga. Aemaise lava mo vailaʻau e faigofie ona faʻafefe le susu ma e le mautu, faʻaaogaina e avea o se vaega tuʻufua e mafai ona faʻaleleia atili ai le mautu o le vailaʻau ma puipuia O le ata e suia le lanu. O le HPMC e iai le tele o fa'amatalaga viscosity. Afai e filifilia lelei, o le tulaga lelei ma foliga vaaia o laupepa ufiufi e sili atu nai lo isi mea, ma o lona faʻatonuga masani e 2% i le 10%.

E fa'aaogaina e fai ma mea fa'a capsule. I tausaga talu ai nei, faʻatasi ai ma le faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi o faʻamaʻi manu i le lalolagi atoa, pe a faʻatusatusa i capsules gelatin, ua avea capsules laau ma pele fou o falemaʻi ma meaʻai. Ua fa'amanuiaina e le Pfizer le HPMC mai la'au fa'anatura ma saunia VcapTM fualaau faisua. Pe a faatusatusa i capsules gaogao gelatin masani, capsules fualaau faisua ei ai le lelei o le fetuutuunai lautele, leai se tulaga lamatia o le felafolafoaʻi tali, ma le mautu maualuga. Ole fua ole fa'amalolo ole vaila'au e fai si mautu, ma e la'ititi le eseesega o tagata ta'ito'atasi. A maeʻa le faʻamavaeina i totonu o le tino o le tagata, e le faʻafefe ma mafai ona faʻaumatia. Aveesea mai le tino. I tulaga o le teuina, pe a maeʻa le tele o suʻega, e toetoe lava a le faʻavaivaia i lalo o tulaga maualalo maualalo, ma o meatotino o le atigi pusa o loʻo tumau pea i lalo o le maualuga o le susu, ma o faʻamatalaga eseese o pusa laau i lalo o tulaga ogaoga e teu ai e le afaina. Faatasi ai ma le malamalama o tagata i pusa laau ma le suiga o mataupu tau vailaau lautele i totonu ma fafo, o le manaoga maketi mo capsules laau o le a vave ona tupu.

O le lona lima e avea o se sooupu le tumau. O le tapenaga o le sua su'esu'e e masani ona fa'aaogaina, ose faiga fa'asalalau fe'ese'esea'i lea e fa'ata'apeina ai vaila'au mafiafia e le mafai ona solu i totonu o se ala fa'asalalau vai. O le mautu o le faiga e fuafua ai le tulaga lelei o sauniuniga vai faʻamalolo. HPMC colloidal solution e mafai ona faʻaitiitia ai le faʻalavelave faʻafefe-suavai, faʻaitiitia le malosi saoloto o luga ole vaega malo, ma faʻamautu le faiga faʻasalalau heterogeneous. Ose so'o fa'amalolo lelei. O le HPMC o loʻo faʻaaogaina e avea o se mafiafia mo mataʻu mata, faʻatasi ai ma le anotusi o le 0.45% i le 1.0%.

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) o se non-ionic cellulose monoether faia mai le cotton ma laupapa e ala i alkalization ma propylene oxide etherification. E masani ona solu le HPC i le vai i lalo ifo o le 40 ° C ma se aofaiga tele o solvents polar, ma o lona faatinoga e fesoʻotaʻi ma mea o loʻo i totonu o le hydroxypropyl ma le tikeri o le polymerization. E mafai ona fetaui le HPC ma vaila'au eseese ma e lelei lona lega.

O le hydroxypropyl cellulose e maualalo le suia(L-HPC)e masani ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se laulau faʻamaʻi ma fusifusia. O ona uiga e: faigofie ona lolomi ma fai, malosi faʻaoga, aemaise lava le faigata ona fai, palasitika ma papapalapala, faʻaopoopo L -HPC e mafai ona faʻaleleia le maʻaʻa o le laulau ma le susulu o foliga, ma e mafai foi ona vave faʻaumatia le laulau, faʻaleleia le lelei o totonu o le laulau, ma faʻaleleia le togafitiga.

O le maualuga o le hydroxypropyl cellulose (H-HPC) e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma sui faʻapipiʻi mo papa, granules ma granules lelei i totonu o vailaʻau. O le H-HPC o loʻo i ai mea e sili ona lelei e fai ai ata, ma o le ata e maua mai e faigata ma faʻamalosi, lea e mafai ona faʻatusatusa i plasticizers. E ala i le faʻafefiloi ma isi vailaʻau faʻapipiʻi susu, e mafai ona faʻaleleia atili le faʻatinoga o le ata, ma e masani ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma mea faʻapipiʻi ata mo papa. E mafai fo'i ona fa'aogaina le H-HPC e fai ma mea fa'ata'oto e saunia ai matrix sustained-release tablets, sustained-release pellets ma fa'alua fa'apalapala fa'amaufa'asa'o.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) o se non-ionic cellulose monoether faia mai le cotton ma laupapa e ala i alkalization ma ethylene oxide etherification. O le HEC e masani ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se mafiafia, faʻapipiʻi colloidal, faʻapipiʻi, dispersant, faʻamautu, faʻamalolo faʻamalolo, sui faʻapipiʻi ata ma mea faʻasaʻo lemu i le falemaʻi. E mafai ona faʻaoga i emulsions, suauu, ma mataʻu mata mo vailaʻau autu. Suavai tu'ugutu, papama'a malo, capsules ma isi fomu o vaila'au. Hydroxyethyl cellulose ua aofia i le US Pharmacopoeia/US National Formulary ma Europa Pharmacopoeia.

O le Ethyl cellulose (EC) o se tasi o mea e sili ona fa'aaogaina i le vai e le mafai ona fa'afefeteina. O le EC e le oona, mautu, e le mafai ona solu i vai, vaifofo oona po'o alkaline, ma solu i solvents organic pei ole ethanol ma methanol. Ole solvent e masani ona fa'aogaina ole solvent fefiloi ole toluene/ethanol 4/1 (mamafa). EC e tele faʻaoga i vailaʻau faʻamalosi-faʻasaʻoina sauniuniga, ma e masani ona faʻaaogaina e avea o se ave ma microcapsules, faʻapipiʻi mea faʻapipiʻi ata, ma isi mea faʻapipiʻi faʻasaʻo, e pei o papa taʻavale, faʻapipiʻi, mea faʻapipiʻi ata, ma isi. pelleti fa'asa'oloto, e fai ma mea fa'apipi'i fesoasoani e saunia ai microcapsules fa'asa'oloto; e mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina lautele e avea o se mea faʻapipiʻi E faʻaaogaina e saunia ai faʻasalalauga malosi; e mafai ona faʻaaogaina lautele i tekinolosi faʻatekonolosi e pei o se mea e fai ai ata tifaga ma le ufiufi puipui, ma e mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina e fai ma fusi ma faʻatumu. I le avea ai o se ufiufi puipui mo papa, e mafai ona faʻaitiitia le lagona o papa i le susu ma puipuia ai vailaʻau mai le faʻaleagaina ma faʻaleagaina e le susu; e mafai fo'i ona fai se fa'alu'u fa'asa'o fa'agesegese ma fa'apipi'i le polymer e fa'aauau pea ona fa'asa'oloto le a'afiaga o vaila'au.

I se aotelega, o le vai-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose ma suauu-soluble ethyl cellulose e faʻavae uma i luga o latou taʻitasi. mea e fai ata tifaga, mea fa'apipi'i ma vaila'au fa'amalolo. I le vaʻavaʻai atu i le lalolagi, o le tele o kamupani faʻavaomalo mai fafo (Shin-Etsu Iapani, Dow Wolff ma Ashland) na latou iloa le tele o maketi mo cellulose vailaʻau i Saina i le lumanaʻi, ma pe faʻateleina le gaosiga poʻo le tuʻufaʻatasia, ua latou faʻateleina lo latou auai i lenei fanua. Tupe fa'afaigaluega i totonu ole talosaga. Na faasilasila mai e Dow Wolff o le a faʻateleina lona gauai atu i le faʻatulagaina, mea e faʻaogaina ma manaʻoga o le maketi o vailaʻau faʻatau vailaʻau a Saina, ma o ana suʻesuʻega faʻaoga o le a taumafai foi e latalata atili i le maketi. O le Wolff Cellulose Division o le Dow Chemical and Colorcon Corporation o le Iunaite Setete ua fa'atuina se so'otaga fa'atutusa ma fa'atonutonu fa'asa'olotoga i le lalolagi atoa. E sili atu nai lo le 1,200 tagata faigaluega i 9 aai, 15 aseta faʻalapotopotoga ma 6 GMP kamupani. Fa'apolofesa su'esu'e fa'aogaina e tu'uina atu auaunaga i tagata fa'atau ile tusa ma le 160 atunu'u. O Ashland o loʻo i ai faʻavae gaosiga i Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Changzhou, Kunshan ma Jiangmen, ma ua teu faafaigaluega i nofoaga autu suʻesuʻega tekonolosi e tolu i Shanghai ma Nanjing.

E tusa ai ma fuainumera mai le upega tafaʻilagi a le China Cellulose Association, i le 2017, o le gaosiga o le cellulose ether e 373,000 tone ma le aofaʻi o faʻatauga e 360 ​​afe tone. I le 2017, o le aofaʻi faʻatau moni o le ionicCMCe 234,000 tone, o se si'itaga o le 18.61% i lea tausaga ma lea tausaga, ma o le aofa'i o fa'atauga o le CMC e le ionic e 126,000 tone, o se si'itaga e 8.2% i lea tausaga ma lea tausaga. I le faaopoopo atu i le HPMC (fausia meafale) oloa e le o ni ionic,HPMC(vaega vaila'au), HPMC (food grade), HEC, HPC, MC, HEMC, ma isi mea uma ua tula'i mai i luga o le tulaga, ma o lo'o fa'aauau pea ona fa'ateleina le gaosiga ma le fa'atau. E sili atu i le sefulu tausaga o tuputupu aʻe vave le cellulose ethers, ma ua avea le gaosiga ma mea muamua i le lalolagi. Ae ui i lea, o le tele o oloa a kamupani cellulose ether e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le ogatotonu ma le pito i lalo o le alamanuia, ma o le tau faaopoopo e le maualuga.

I le taimi nei, o le tele o pisinisi cellulose ether i totonu o le atunuʻu o loʻo i ai i se vaitau taua o suiga ma faʻaleleia. E tatau ona latou faʻaauau pea le faʻateleina o suʻesuʻega o oloa ma taumafaiga tau atinaʻe, faʻaauau pea ona faʻatamaoaigaina ituaiga o oloa, faʻaoga atoatoa Saina, le maketi sili ona tele i le lalolagi, ma faʻateleina taumafaiga e atiaʻe maketi mai fafo ina ia mafai ai e atinaʻe ona faʻalauteleina i se taimi vave e mafai ai. Faʻauma le suiga ma le faʻaleleia, ulufale i le ogatotonu-i-maualuga pito o le alamanuia, ma ausia le lelei ma le lanu meamata.