E hia ngā etera cellulose i roto i ngā mea tāpiri rongoā?

Ko ngā mea tāpiri rongoā he mea tāpiri me ngā mea āwhina e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga rongoā me te hanga whakahaunga, ā, he wāhanga nui o ngā whakaritenga rongoā. Hei rauemi i ahu mai i te pūmua taiao, he āhuatanga pirau te cellulose ether, kāore e paitini, me te utu iti, pērā i te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,Ngā etera celluloseHe mea nui te whakamahinga o ngā matū pēnei i te hydroxyethyl cellulose me te ethyl cellulose i roto i ngā matū rongoā. I tēnei wā, ko ngā hua o te nuinga o ngā umanga cellulose ether o te kāinga e whakamahia ana i ngā mara waenga me ngā mara iti o te umanga, ā, kāore i te teitei te uara tāpiri. Me tere te hurihanga me te whakapai ake i ngā tono hua teitei o te umanga.

He mea nui te mahi a ngā matū tāpiri rongoā ki te whakawhanake me te whakaputa i ngā whakatakotoranga. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā whakaritenga tuku-roa, ka whakamahia ngā rauemi polymer pēnei i ngā cellulose ethers hei matū tāpiri rongoā i roto i ngā pire tuku-roa, ngā momo whakatakotoranga tuku-roa matrix, ngā whakatakotoranga tuku-roa pania, ngā capsules tuku-roa, ngā kiriata rongoā tuku-roa, me ngā rongoā kapia tuku-roa. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā whakaritenga me ngā whakaritenga tuku-roa wai. I roto i tēnei pūnaha, ka whakamahia ngā polymer pēnei i ngā cellulose ethers hei kawe rongoā hei whakahaere i te tere tukunga o ngā rongoā i roto i te tinana tangata, arā, me tuku mārire i roto i te tinana i te tere kua whakaritea i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te maimoatanga whai hua.

E ai ki ngā tatauranga a te Tari Rangahau me te Tohutohu, e 500 ngā momo tāpiri kei te mākete i tōku whenua, engari ki te whakaritea ki te Hononga o Amerika (neke atu i te 1500 ngā momo) me te Kotahitanga o Ūropi (neke atu i te 3000 ngā momo), he nui te rerekētanga, ā, he iti tonu ngā momo. ngā tāpiri rongoā o tōku whenua He nui te pūmanawa whanaketanga o te mākete. E mārama ana ko ngā tāpiri rongoā tekau o runga i te tauine mākete o tōku whenua ko ngā kāpū gelatin rongoā, te sucrose, te māngaro, te paura paninga kiriata, te 1,2-propylene glycol, te PVP, te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), me ngā muka microcrystalline. Huawhenua, HPC, lactose.

"Ko te cellulose ether tūturu te kupu whānui mō te raupapa o ngā hua cellulose i hangaia e te tauhohenga o te cellulose alkali me te kaihoko etherifying i raro i ētahi tikanga, ā, he hua e whakakapia ana ngā rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te macromolecule cellulose e ngā rōpū ether. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā cellulose ether i roto i ngā mara o te hinu, ngā rauemi hanga, ngā paninga, te kai, te rongoā me ngā matū o ia rā. I roto i ngā mara katoa, ko ngā hua rongoā-grade kei roto i ngā rohe waenga me te teitei o te ahumahi, ā, he nui te uara tāpiri. Nā te mea he tino whakaritenga kounga, he uaua hoki te hanga o ngā cellulose ethers rongoā-grade. Ka taea te kī ko te kounga o ngā hua rongoā-grade ka taea te tohu i te kaha hangarau o ngā umanga cellulose ether. Ko te tikanga ka tāpirihia te cellulose ether hei whakaroa, hei rauemi matrix me te whakamātotoru hei hanga papa matrix tuku-tonu, rauemi paninga wairewa-puku, rauemi takai microcapsule tuku-tonu, rauemi kiriata rongoā tuku-tonu, me ētahi atu."

Ko te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) te etera cellulose me te putanga me te whakamahinga nui rawa atu i te kāinga me tāwāhi. He etera cellulose ionic i hangaia mai i te miro me te rakau mā te alkaliization me te etherification me te waikawa chloroacetic. Ko te CMC-Na he mea hanga rongoā e whakamahia whānuitia ana. He maha te whakamahinga hei here mō ngā whakaritenga totoka me te hei kaiwhakamātotoru, hei kaiwhakamātotoru me te whakatārewatanga mō ngā whakaritenga wai. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei matrix wairewa-wai me te rauemi hanga kiriata. He maha te whakamahinga hei rauemi kiriata rongoā tuku-roa me te papa matrix tuku-roa i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga tuku-roa (whakahaeretia).

Haunga te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose hei tāpiri rongoā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te konutai croscarmellose hei tāpiri rongoā. Ko te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose honohono-whiti (CCMC-Na) he matū kore-wai e tauhohe ana te carboxymethyl cellulose ki te kaihoko honohono-whiti i tētahi pāmahana (40-80°C) i raro i te mahi a te whakakorikori waikawa inorganic, ā, ka purea. Ko te kaihoko honohono ka taea te propylene glycol, te succinic anhydride, te maleic anhydride, te adipic anhydride, me ērā atu mea. Ka whakamahia te konutai croscarmellose hei whakarewa mō ngā papa, ngā kāpū me ngā granules i roto i ngā whakaritenga ā-waha. Ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā pānga capillary me te pupuhi hei whakatutuki i te whakarewa. He pai te kaha ki te pēhi me te whakarewa kaha. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he nui ake te nui o te pupuhi o te konutai croscarmellose i roto i te wai i ērā o ngā whakarewa noa pēnei i te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose iti-whakakapinga me te cellulose microcrystalline hydrated.

Ko te Methyl cellulose (MC) he monoether cellulose kore-ionic i hangaia mai i te miro me te rakau mā te alkaliization me te methyl chloride etherification. He tino pai te wairewa o te Methyl cellulose ki te wai, ā, he pumau i te awhe pH mai i te 2.0 ki te 13.0. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā excipients rongoā, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā papa sublingual, ngā werohanga intramuscular, ngā whakaritenga ophthalmic, ngā capsules waha, ngā whakatārewatanga waha, ngā papa waha me ngā whakaritenga o waho. Hei tāpiri, i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga tuku-roa, ka taea te whakamahi i te MC hei whakatakotoranga tuku-roa matrix gel hydrophilic, rauemi paninga wairewa-puku, rauemi takai microcapsule tuku-roa, rauemi kiriata rongoā tuku-roa, me ētahi atu.

Ko te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) he ether whakauru cellulose kore-ionic i hangaia mai i te miro me te rakau mā te alkaliization me te etherification o te propylene oxide me te methyl chloride. Kāore he kakara, kāore he reka, kāore he paitini, ka wairewa i roto i te wai matao, ā, ka wairewa i roto i te wai wera. Ko te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose he momo ether whakauru cellulose kua tere te piki haere o te hanga, te kai me te kounga i roto i ngā tau 15 kua pahure ake nei. Ko tētahi hoki o ngā excipients rongoā nui rawa atu e whakamahia ana i te kāinga me tāwāhi. Kua tata ki te 50 tau te whakamahinga hei excipients rongoā. He maha ngā tau o te hītori. I tēnei wā, ko te whakamahinga o te HPMC e whakaatahia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e rima e whai ake nei:

Ko tētahi he mea here, he mea wawahi hoki. Mā te HPMC hei here ka māmā ake te whakamakuku i te rongoā, ā, ka taea te whakawhanui i ngā rau wā i muri i te mimiti i te wai, nō reira ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakarewatanga, te tukunga rānei o te papa. He kaha te matotoru o te HPMC, ā, ka taea te whakarei ake i te matotoru o te matūriki me te whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te pēhi o ngā rauemi mata he pakari, he mārō rānei te kakano. Ka taea te whakamahi i te HPMC he iti te matotoru hei here me te wawahi, ā, ko te HPMC he nui te matotoru ka taea anake te whakamahi hei here.

Tuarua, ka whakamahia hei rauemi tuku pumau, ā, ka whakahaeretia hoki mō ngā whakaritenga ā-waha. Ko te HPMC he rauemi matrix hydrogel e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whakaritenga tuku pumau. Ka taea te whakamahi i te HPMC o te taumata matotoru iti (5～50mPa·s) hei here, hei kaihoko whakanui matotoru me te kaihoko whakatārewatanga, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te HPMC o te taumata matotoru teitei (4000～100000mPa·s) hei whakarite i ngā papa tuku pumau matrix rauemi whakauru me te Ārai tuku pumau mō ngā kāpū me ngā papa tuku pumau matrix gel hydrophilic. Ka wairewa te HPMC i roto i te wai puku, he pai te pēhi, he pai te rere, he kaha te uta rongoā me ngā āhuatanga tuku rongoā kāore e pāngia e te pH. He rauemi kawe hydrophilic tino nui i roto i ngā pūnaha whakarite tuku pumau, ā, he maha te whakamahinga hei rauemi matrix gel hydrophilic me te paninga o ngā whakaritenga tuku pumau, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā whakaritenga mānu puku me ngā rauemi āwhina membrane rongoā tuku pumau.

Ko te tuatoru he mea hanga kiriata paninga.HPMCHe pai ngā āhuatanga hanga kiriata. He ōrite, he mārama, he pakari te kiriata i hangaia e ia, ā, ehara i te mea ngāwari ki te piri i te wā e hangaia ana. Ina koa mō ngā rongoā he ngāwari ki te mimiti i te makuku, ā, he kore pumau, mā te whakamahi hei paparanga wehe ka taea te whakapai ake i te pumau o te rongoā me te ārai i te hurihanga o te tae o te kiriata. He maha ngā whakatakotoranga matotoru o te HPMC. Ki te whiriwhiria tika, he pai ake te kounga me te āhua o ngā papa paninga i ētahi atu rauemi, ā, ko tōna kukū noa he 2% ki te 10%.

E whā ngā mea e whakamahia ana hei rauemi kāpū. I ngā tau tata nei, me te pakarutanga pinepine o ngā mate urutā kararehe o te ao, ki te whakaritea ki ngā kāpū tiakarete, kua noho ngā kāpū tipu hei mea hou e arohaina ana e ngā umanga rongoā me te kai. Kua angitu a Pfizer ki te tango i te HPMC mai i ngā tipu tūturu, ā, kua whakaritea ngā kāpū huawhenua VcapTM. Ki te whakaritea ki ngā kāpū tiakarete tuku iho, he pai ngā kāpū huawhenua o te whānui o te urutau, kāore he mōrearea o te tauhohenga hononga-whiti, me te pumau teitei. He pumau te tere tukunga rongoā, ā, he iti ngā rerekētanga takitahi. I muri i te pakaru i roto i te tinana tangata, kāore e mimitihia, ā, ka taea te whakaputa. Ka whakaputahia mai i te tinana. Mō ngā tikanga rokiroki, i muri i te maha o ngā whakamātautau, tata kore e pakarukaru i raro i ngā tikanga haumākū iti, ā, kei te pumau tonu ngā āhuatanga o te anga kāpū i raro i te haumākū teitei, ā, kāore ngā taupū rerekē o ngā kāpū tipu i raro i ngā tikanga rokiroki tino kino e pāngia. Me te māramatanga o te tangata ki ngā kāpū tipu me te panonitanga o ngā ariā rongoā tūmatanui i te kāinga me tāwāhi, ka tere te tipu o te hiahia o te mākete mō ngā kāpū tipu.

Ko te tuarima he mea hei whakatārewatanga. Ko te momo whakatārewatanga wai he momo horopeta haumanu e whakamahia whānuitia ana, he pūnaha marara rerekē e horahia ana ngā rongoā totoka uaua ki te wairewa i roto i te reo marara wai. Ko te pumau o te pūnaha te mea e whakatau ana i te kounga o ngā whakaritenga wai whakatārewatanga. Ka taea e te otinga colloidal HPMC te whakaiti i te taumahatanga ā-mata totoka-wai, te whakaiti i te kaha kore utu o te mata o ngā matūriki totoka, me te whakaū i te pūnaha marara rerekē. He mea whakatārewatanga pai rawa atu. Ka whakamahia te HPMC hei whakamātotoru mō ngā pata kanohi, me te ihirangi o te 0.45% ki te 1.0%.

Ko te Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) he monoether cellulose kore-ionic i hangaia mai i te miro me te rakau mā te alkaliization me te propylene oxide etherification. Ko te HPC he wairewa i roto i te wai i raro i te 40°C me te nui o ngā whakarewa polar, ā, ko tōna mahi e pā ana ki te ihirangi o te hydroxypropyl me te taumata o te polymerization. Ka taea e te HPC te hototahi ki ngā momo rongoā, ā, he pai te koretake.

He iti te whakakapinga o te hydroxypropyl cellulose(L-HPC)Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei wawahi me te here i ngā papa. Ko ōna āhuatanga: he ngāwari ki te pēhi me te hanga, he kaha te whakamahinga, he tino uaua ki te hanga, he kirihou, he pakarukaru hoki ngā papa, mā te tāpiri i te L-HPC ka taea te whakapai ake i te pakeke o te papa me te kanapa o te āhua, ā, ka taea hoki e ia te tere te pakaru o te papa, te whakapai ake i te kounga o roto o te papa, me te whakapai ake i te pānga whakaora.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te hydroxypropyl cellulose (H-HPC) kua whakakapia teitei hei here mō ngā papa, ngā kirikiri me ngā kirikiri angiangi i roto i te mara rongoā. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga hanga kiriata a te H-HPC, ā, he pakari, he ngāwari hoki te kiriata hua, ka taea te whakarite ki ngā mea whakakoi kirihou. Mā te whakaranu ki ētahi atu mea paninga ārai-mākū, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a te kiriata, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei rauemi paninga kiriata mō ngā papa. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te H-HPC hei rauemi matrix hei whakarite i ngā papa tuku-tonu matrix, ngā pire tuku-tonu me ngā papa tuku-tonu paparua.

Ko te Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) he monoether cellulose kore-ionic i hangaia mai i te miro me te rakau mā te alkaliization me te ethylene oxide etherification. Ko te HEC te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei whakamātotoru, hei ārai colloidal, hei piripiri, hei whakamarara, hei whakaū, hei whakatārewatanga, hei hanga kiriata me te rauemi tuku puhoi i roto i te ao hauora. Ka taea te whakamahi ki ngā emulsions, ngā hinu, me ngā pata kanohi mō ngā rongoā ā-waha. He wai ā-waha, he papa totoka, he capsules me ētahi atu momo horopeta. Kua whakaurua te Hydroxyethyl cellulose ki roto i te US Pharmacopoeia/US National Formulary me te European Pharmacopoeia.

Ko te Ethyl cellulose (EC) tētahi o ngā matū whakaputa cellulose kore-rewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Kāore te EC i te paitini, he pumau, kāore e rewa i roto i te wai, i te waikawa, i te kawakore rānei, ā, ka rewa i roto i ngā whakarewa waro pēnei i te etanoru me te methanol. Ko te whakarewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te whakarewa whakauru o te toluene/etanoru 4/1 (taumaha). He maha ngā whakamahinga o te EC i roto i ngā whakaritenga tuku-roa rongoā, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei kaikawe me ngā moroiti-kāpūkara, hei paninga rauemi hanga-kiriata, me ētahi atu o ngā whakaritenga tuku-roa, pēnei i ngā mea whakaroa papa, ngā piripiri, ngā rauemi paninga kiriata, me ētahi atu. Ka whakamahia hei kiriata rauemi matrix hei whakarite i ngā momo papa matrix tuku-roa, hei rauemi whakauru hei whakarite i ngā whakaritenga tuku-roa pania me ngā pire tuku-roa, hei rauemi āwhina whakakī hei whakarite i ngā moroiti-kāpūkara tuku-roa; ka taea hoki te whakamahi whānuitia hei rauemi kawe. Ka whakamahia hei whakarite i ngā marara totoka; ka taea te whakamahi whānuitia i roto i te hangarau rongoā hei matū hanga-kiriata me te paninga tiaki, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei here me te whakakī. Hei paninga tiaki mō ngā papa, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te aro o ngā papa ki te haumākū, me te ārai i te hurihanga o te tae me te pirau o ngā rongoā i te makuku; ka taea hoki e ia te hanga i tētahi paparanga piri tuku puhoi, me te whakakī i te pūmua ki roto i te tinana kia tukuna tonutia ai te pānga o te rongoā.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose wairewa-wai, te methyl cellulose, te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, te hydroxypropyl cellulose, te hydroxyethyl cellulose me te ethyl cellulose wairewa-hinu, e ahu mai ana i ō rātou ake āhuatanga. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te hua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mea tāpiri rongoā hei piripiri, hei wawahi, hei rauemi tuku pumau me te whakahaere mō ngā whakaritenga ā-waha, hei kaihoko hanga kiriata paninga, hei rauemi kāpū me ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga. I te titiro ki te ao, he maha ngā kamupene o tāwāhi (Shin-Etsu Japan, Dow Wolff me Ashland) i kite i te mākete nui mō te cellulose rongoā i Haina i te heke mai, ā, i te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga, i te whakakotahitanga rānei, kua whakanui ake i tō rātou aroaro ki tēnei mara. Te haumi ki roto i te tono. I kī a Dow Wolff ka whakanui ake i tana aro ki te whakatakotoranga, ngā kai me ngā hiahia o te mākete whakaritenga rongoā Hainamana, ā, ka whai hoki tana rangahau tono ki te whakatata atu ki te mākete. Kua whakatūria e te Wolff Cellulose Division o Dow Chemical me Colorcon Corporation o te United States he hononga whakaritenga tuku pumau me te whakahaere puta noa i te ao. Neke atu i te 1,200 āna kaimahi i roto i ngā tāone e iwa, i ngā umanga rawa e 15, me ngā kamupene GMP e 6. E whakarato ana ngā tohunga rangahau mahi i ngā ratonga ki ngā kiritaki i roto i te tata ki te 160 whenua. Kei a Ashland ngā turanga whakaputa i Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Changzhou, Kunshan me Jiangmen, ā, kua haumi ki roto i ngā pokapū rangahau hangarau e toru i Shanghai me Nanjing.

E ai ki ngā tatauranga mai i te paetukutuku o te China Cellulose Association, i te tau 2017, ko te hanga ā-rohe o te cellulose ether he 373,000 tana, ā, ko te rahinga hoko he 360 ​​mano tana. I te tau 2017, ko te rahinga hoko tuturu o te ionicCMCko te 234,000 tana, he pikinga 18.61% ia tau, ā, ko te nui o ngā hoko o te CMC kore-ionic ko te 126,000 tana, he pikinga 8.2% ia tau. Haunga ngā hua kore-ionic HPMC (tohu rauemi hanga),HPMC(te taumata rongoā), HPMC (te taumata kai), HEC, HPC, MC, HEMC, me ētahi atu kua ara ake katoa i runga i te ia o te ao, ā, kei te piki haere tonu te hanga me te hoko. Kua tere te tipu o ngā etera cellulose ā-rohe mō ngā tau tekau neke atu, ā, ko te putanga kua riro ko te tuatahi o te ao. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā hua a ngā kamupene etera cellulose e whakamahia ana i te pito waenga me te pito iti o te umanga, ā, kāore i te teitei te uara tāpiri.

I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā umanga cellulose ether o te kāinga kei roto i tētahi wā nui o te panonitanga me te whakapai ake. Me haere tonu rātou ki te whakanui ake i ngā mahi rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga hua, me te whakarei ake i ngā momo hua, me te whakamahi katoa i a Haina, te mākete nui rawa atu o te ao, me te whakanui ake i ngā mahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā mākete o tāwāhi kia taea ai e ngā umanga te whakawhānui wawe tonu. Whakaotia te panonitanga me te whakapai ake, te tomo ki te pito waenga ki te pito teitei o te ahumahi, me te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga pai me te matomato.