Ibintu biva mu miti ni ibintu biva mu miti bikoreshwa mu gukora imiti no mu gukora imiti, kandi ni igice cy'ingenzi mu gutegura imiti. Nk'ikintu gikomoka kuri polymer karemano, eteri ya cellulose ifite imiterere yo kubora, kudahumanya, no ku giciro gito, nka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose,Eteri za selulosinka hydroxyethyl cellulose na ethyl cellulose bifite akamaro kanini mu bikoresho by’imiti. Kuri ubu, ibicuruzwa by’ibigo byinshi bya cellulose ether byo mu gihugu bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda zo hagati n’iziciriritse, kandi agaciro k’inyongera ntabwo kari hejuru. Inganda zikeneye byihutirwa guhindura no kuvugurura no kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa byo ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Ibintu bifasha mu buvuzi bigira uruhare runini mu iterambere no mu ikorwa ry’imiti. Urugero, mu gutegura imiti ikomeza gusohora, ibikoresho bya polymer nka ether za cellulose bikoreshwa nk’ibintu bifasha mu buvuzi mu duce duto dusohora imiti, ubwoko butandukanye bw’imiti ikomeza gusohora imiti, imiti ikomeza gusohora imiti, uduce duto dusohora imiti, firime z’imiti zikomeza gusohora imiti, n’imiti ikomeza gusohora imiti. Imiti n’imiti ikomeza gusohora imiti byakoreshejwe cyane. Muri ubu buryo, polymer nka ether za cellulose zikoreshwa cyane nk’imiti itwara imiti kugira ngo igenzure igipimo cyo gusohora imiti mu mubiri w’umuntu, ni ukuvuga ko zisabwa gusohoka buhoro buhoro mu mubiri ku gipimo cyagenwe mu gihe runaka kugira ngo zigere ku ntego yo kuvura neza.
Dukurikije imibare y’Ishami ry’Ubujyanama n’Ubushakashatsi, hari ubwoko bugera kuri 500 bw’ibintu bifasha ku isoko mu gihugu cyanjye, ariko ugereranije na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (ubwoko burenga 1500) n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (ubwoko burenga 3000), hari itandukaniro rinini, kandi ubwoko bwabyo buracyari buto. Ibintu bifasha ku miti mu gihugu cyanjye Ubushobozi bw’iterambere ry’isoko ni bwinshi cyane. Birumvikana ko ibintu icumi bya mbere bifasha ku miti ku isoko ry’igihugu cyanjye ari capsules za gelatin zivura, sucrose, sitashi, ifu yo gusiga filime, 1,2-propylene glycol, PVP, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), na fibres za microcrystalline. Ibikomoka ku bimera, HPC, lactose.
"Eteri ya cellulose karemano ni ijambo rusange rikoreshwa mu ruhererekane rw'ibintu bikomoka kuri cellulose biva mu gukora kwa cellulose ya alkali n'ikintu gitanga ether mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kandi ni umusaruro aho amatsinda ya hydroxyl ari kuri macromolecule ya cellulose asimburwa igice cyangwa burundu n'amatsinda ya ether. Eteri za cellulose zikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye na peteroli, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, irangi, ibiryo, imiti n'imiti ya buri munsi. Mu nzego zose, ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa farumasi biri mu bice byo hagati n'ibyo hejuru by'inganda kandi bifite agaciro kongerewe. Bitewe n'ubuziranenge bukabije, gukora eteri za cellulose zo mu rwego rwa farumasi nabyo biragoye. Dushobora kuvuga ko ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa farumasi bushobora kugaragaza imbaraga za tekiniki z'ibigo bya eteri za cellulose. Eteri ya cellulose ikunze kongerwaho nk'ikintu kidakora, ibikoresho bya matrix n'ikintu gikomeza gukora ibinini bya matrix, ibikoresho byo gupfuka mu gifu, ibikoresho byo gupfuka microcapsule, ibikoresho bya filime y'imiti ikomeza, nibindi."
Selulosi ya sodium carboxymethyl (CMC-Na) ni eteri ya selulosi ifite umusaruro mwinshi kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Ni eteri ya ionic cellulose ikozwe mu ipamba n'ibiti binyuze mu kugabanya no gushonga hakoreshejwe aside chloroacetic. CMC-Na ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane mu by'imiti. Ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gifata ibikoresho bikomeye ndetse no nk'ikintu gikomeza, gikonjesha no guhagarika ibikoresho by'amazi. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gishongesha amazi n'ikintu gikora filime. Ikunze gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho gikomeza gukora filime y'imiti ndetse n'ikinini gikomeza gukora filime y'imiti mu buryo buhoraho (bugenzurwa).
Uretse sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nk'ibintu bifasha mu buvuzi, sodium croscarmellose ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'ibintu bifasha mu buvuzi. Sodium cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CCMC-Na) ni ikintu kidashonga mu mazi, carboxymethyl cellulose ikorana n'ikintu gihuza ku bushyuhe runaka (40-80°C) munsi y'igikorwa cya aside inorganic catalyst maze igasukurwa. Ikintu gihuza gishobora kuba propylene glycol, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, adipic anhydride, n'ibindi nk'ibyo. Sodium croscarmellose ikoreshwa nk'ikintu kigabanya ibinini, capsules na granules mu binyobwa. Ishingiye ku ngaruka za capillary na kubyimba kugira ngo ishobore gusenyuka. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukanda neza kandi igasenyuka cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko urwego rwo kubyimba rwa sodium croscarmellose mu mazi ruruta urw'ibintu bikunze gusenyuka nka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose na microcrystalline cellulose.
Methyl cellulose (MC) ni monoether ya cellulose idafite ionic ikozwe mu ipamba n'ibiti binyuze mu kugabanya alkali na methyl chloride etherification. Methyl cellulose ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza mu mazi kandi irahamye mu rugero rwa pH ruri hagati ya 2.0 na 13.0. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'imiti, kandi ikoreshwa mu binini bya sublingual, inshinge zo mu mitsi, imiti y'amaso, capsules zo mu kanwa, imiti yo mu kanwa, ibinini byo mu kanwa no mu miti yo mu kanwa. Byongeye kandi, mu miti ikoreshwa mu gusohora, MC ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umuti ukoreshwa mu gusohora gel, ibikoresho byo gupfuka mu gifu, ibikoresho byo gupfuka microcapsule, ibikoresho byo gupfuka imiti, nibindi.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ni eteri ivanze ya cellulose itari ionic ikozwe mu ipamba n'ibiti binyuze mu kugabanya no gusya propylene oxide na methyl chloride. Nta mpumuro, nta buryohe, ntabwo ari uburozi, irashonga mu mazi akonje, kandi irashongeshwa mu mazi ashyushye. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ni ubwoko bwa eteri ivanze ya cellulose bwakomeje kwiyongera cyane mu musaruro, ikoreshwa n'ubwiza mu myaka 15 ishize. Ni kimwe mu bintu binini cyane bikoreshwa mu miti mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Yakoreshejwe nk'umusemburo w'imiti mu myaka hafi 50. Imyaka myinshi y'amateka. Kuri ubu, ikoreshwa rya HPMC rigaragarira cyane mu ngingo eshanu zikurikira:
Imwe muri zo ni nk'ikintu gifunga n'ikivangwa. HPMC nk'ikintu gifunga bishobora gutuma umuti woroha kuvoma, kandi bishobora kwaguka inshuro amagana nyuma yo kwinjiza amazi, bityo bikaba byarushaho kunoza uburyo ikinini gishonga cyangwa kirekurwa. HPMC ifite ubukana bukomeye, kandi ishobora kongera ubukana bw'uduce duto no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukubana kw'ibikoresho fatizo hamwe n'imiterere ikomeye cyangwa iyoroheje. HPMC ifite ubukana buke ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gifunga n'ikivangwa, naho HPMC ifite ubukana bwinshi ishobora gukoreshwa gusa nk'ikintu gifunga.
Icya kabiri, ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho birekura kandi bigenzurwa mu gutegura mu kanwa. HPMC ni ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gutegura mu buryo burambye. HPMC ifite ubukana buke (5 ~ 50mPa·s) ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gifunga, gitera imbaraga zo kongera ubukana no gufunga, naho HPMC ifite ubukana bwinshi (4000 ~ 100000mPa·s) ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutegura ibinini bivanze bya matrix birekura vuba hamwe na Blocker irekura vuba ya capsule na hydrophilic gel matrix birekura vuba. HPMC irashonga mu mazi yo mu gifu, ifite ibyiza byo gukanda neza, amazi meza, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara imiti n'imiterere yo gusohora imiti idahungabanyijwe na pH. Ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi cyane bitwara amazi mu buryo burambye kandi akenshi ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gutwikira gel birekura vuba kandi bikoreshwa mu gutegura mu buryo burambye, kandi ikoreshwa mu gutegura mu gifu no mu bikoresho by'inyongera bya membrane y'imiti.
Icya gatatu ni nk'ikintu gikingira filime.HPMCifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora firime. Filime ikozwe nayo irangana, irabonerana, kandi ikomeye, kandi ntiyoroshye kuyifata mu gihe cyo kuyikora. Cyane cyane ku miti yoroshye kwinjiza ubushuhe kandi idahindagurika, kuyikoresha nk'urwego rwo kwitandukanya bishobora kongera cyane ubusugire bw'umuti no gukumira. Filime ihindura ibara. HPMC ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ubushyuhe. Iyo itoranijwe neza, ubwiza n'isura y'ibinini bitwikiriwe biba byiza kurusha ibindi bikoresho, kandi ingano yabyo isanzwe ni 2% kugeza 10%.
Kane ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bya kapsule. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n'icyorezo cy'inyamaswa ku isi, ugereranije na kapsule za gelatin, kapsule z'ibimera zabaye ikintu gishya gikundwa n'inganda zikora imiti n'ibiribwa. Pfizer yakuye neza HPMC mu bimera karemano ndetse inategura kapsule z'imboga za VcapTM. Ugereranyije na kapsule zisanzwe za gelatin, kapsule z'ibimera zifite ibyiza byo kwihuza neza, nta ngaruka zo guhuza, kandi nta guhagarara neza. Igipimo cyo gusohora imiti kirahamye, kandi itandukaniro ry'umuntu ku giti cye ni rito. Nyuma yo gushonga mu mubiri w'umuntu, ntabwo yinjizwa kandi ishobora gusohoka. Ikurwa mu mubiri. Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ububiko, nyuma y'ibizamini byinshi, hafi ya yose ntabwo irakomera mu gihe cy'ubushuhe buke, kandi imiterere y'agashishwa ka kapsule iracyari ihamye mu gihe cy'ubushuhe bwinshi, kandi imiterere itandukanye ya kapsule z'ibimera mu gihe cy'ubushuhe bwinshi ntabwo ihungabana. Kubera ko abantu basobanukiwe kapsule z'ibimera no guhindura ibitekerezo by'ubuvuzi rusange mu gihugu no mu mahanga, icyifuzo cy'isoko rya kapsule z'ibimera kiziyongera cyane.
Icya gatanu ni nk'ikintu gihagarika. Gutegura amazi yo mu bwoko bwa suspension ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi, bukaba ari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza aho imiti ikomeye idashonga cyane ikwirakwizwa mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi. Gutuza kw'uburyo ni byo bigena ubwiza bw'imiti yo guhagarara. Umuti wa HPMC colloidal ushobora kugabanya imbaraga hagati y'amazi n'ibinyabutabire, ukagabanya ingufu z'ibinyabutabire bidafite ubuso, no gutuza uburyo butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza amazi. Ni ikintu cyiza cyane cyo guhagarara. HPMC ikoreshwa nk'umuti wongera imbaraga ku bitonyanga by'amaso, ifite ingano iri hagati ya 0.45% na 1.0%.
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) ni monoether ya cellulose idafite ionic ikozwe mu ipamba n'ibiti binyuze mu kugabanya alkali na propylene oxide etherification. HPC ikunze gushonga mu mazi ari munsi ya 40°C n'umubare munini w'ibintu biyungurura amazi, kandi imikorere yayo ifitanye isano n'ingano ya hydroxypropyl n'urugero rwa polymerization. HPC ishobora kuba ihuye n'imiti itandukanye kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza.
Hydroxypropyl cellulose idasimbuwe cyane(L-HPC)Ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ikintu gikuraho ibinini n'icyuma gifunga. Ibiranga ni ibi bikurikira: byoroshye gukanda no gukora, gukoresha neza, cyane cyane bigoye gukora, ibinini bya pulasitiki n'ibinyabutabire byoroshye, kongeramo L -HPC ishobora kongera ubukana bwabyo no kugaragara neza, kandi ishobora no gutuma ibinini bishwanyagurika vuba, kunoza ubwiza bw'imbere bwabyo, no kunoza ingaruka zo kuvura.
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (H-HPC) ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gihuza ibinini, uduce duto n'uduce duto mu rwego rw'imiti. H-HPC ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora firime, kandi firime ivamo irakomeye kandi irakomera, ishobora kugereranywa n'ikoreshwa mu gutwikira. Mu kuvanga n'ibindi bikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, imikorere ya firime ishobora kunozwa kurushaho, kandi ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gutwikira firime ku binini. H-HPC ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bya matrix mu gutegura ibinini birekura matrix, uduce durekura matrix n'ibinini birekura matrix.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ni monoether ya cellulose idafite ionic ikozwe mu ipamba n'ibiti binyuze mu kugabanya alkali na ethylene oxide etherification. HEC ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ikintu gikomeza ubukana, ikintu gikingira colloidal, kole, dispersant, stabilizer, suspending agent, ikintu gitanga filime n'ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi. Ishobora gukoreshwa ku bintu bivanze, amavuta, n'ibitonyanga by'amaso ku miti yo mu maso. Amazi anyobwa, ibinini bikomeye, capsules n'izindi dose. Hydroxyethyl cellulose yashyizwe muri Pharmacopoeia ya Amerika / US National Formulary na European Pharmacopoeia.
Selulosi ya ethyl (EC) ni imwe mu zikomoka kuri selulosi zidashonga mu mazi zikoreshwa cyane. EC ntabwo ari uburozi, irahamye, ntishonga mu mazi, aside cyangwa alkaline, kandi irashonga mu bintu bikomoka ku bimera nka ethanol na methanol. Umusemburo ukoreshwa cyane ni umuti uvanze wa toluene/ethanol 4/1 (uburemere). EC ifite akamaro kenshi mu gutegura imiti irekura burundu, kandi ikoreshwa cyane nk'umutwaro n'udupira duto, ibikoresho bitwikira firime, nibindi mu gutegura imiti irekura burundu, nk'ibinini bigabanya ubushyuhe, kole, ibikoresho bitwikira firime, nibindi. Ikoreshwa nk'icyuma gikingira firime mu gutegura ubwoko butandukanye bw'udupira duto dufungura vuba, nk'ibikoresho bivanze mu gutegura imiti irekura vuba na kabiri n'udupira duto dufungura vuba, nk'ibikoresho by'inyongera bikingira firime mu gutegura imiti irekura vuba na kabiri; ishobora kandi gukoreshwa cyane nk'ibikoresho bitwara. Ikoreshwa mu gutegura ibintu bikomeye; ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga ry'imiti nk'ikintu gitunganya firime n'igikingira, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'icyuma gifunga n'icyuzuza. Nk'igitambaro kirinda ibinini, gishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bw'ibinini bwo kuvura ubushuhe no gukumira ko imiti idahinduka ibara no kwangirika bitewe n'ubushuhe; gishobora kandi gukora urwego rwa kole rurekura buhoro buhoro no gufunga polymer kugira ngo ikomeze kurekura ingaruka z'umuti.
Muri make, selulosi ya sodium carboxymethyl ishongeshwa mu mazi, selulosi ya methyl, selulosi ya hydroxypropyl methyl, selulosi ya hydroxpropyl, selulosi ya hydroxyethyl na selulosi ya ethyl ishongeshwa mu mavuta byose bishingiye ku buryo bifitanye isano. Imiterere y'umusaruro ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'imiti nk'ibikoma, ibicamo ibice, ibikoresho bikomeza kandi bigenzurwa byo guteka mu kanwa, ibikoresho bikora filime, ibikoresho bya kapsule n'ibikoresho bihagarika. Urebye isi, amasosiyete menshi mpuzamahanga y'amahanga (Shin-Etsu y'Ubuyapani, Dow Wolff na Ashland) yabonye isoko rinini rya selulosi y'imiti mu Bushinwa mu gihe kizaza, kandi haba mu kongera umusaruro cyangwa guhuzwa, biyongereye kugaragara kwayo muri uru rwego. Ishoramari mu ikoreshwa. Dow Wolff yatangaje ko izongera kwita ku ikorwa, ibikoresho n'ibikenewe ku isoko ry'imiti ryo mu Bushinwa, kandi ubushakashatsi bwayo ku ikoreshwa buzagerageza kwegera isoko. Ishami rya Wolff Cellulose rya Dow Chemical and Colorcon Corporation ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryashinze ihuriro rirambye kandi rigenzurwa ryo gutegura ikoreshwa mu ... Ifite abakozi barenga 1.200 mu mijyi 9, ibigo 15 by’umutungo n’ibigo 6 bya GMP. Abahanga mu bushakashatsi batanga serivisi ku bakiriya mu bihugu bigera ku 160. Ashland ifite ibibanza by’umusaruro i Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Changzhou, Kunshan na Jiangmen, kandi yashoye imari mu bigo bitatu by’ubushakashatsi mu ikoranabuhanga i Shanghai na Nanjing.
Dukurikije imibare ituruka ku rubuga rwa interineti rw’ishyirahamwe ry’Abashinwa rya Cellulose, mu 2017, umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu wa eteri ya cellulose wari toni 373.000 naho ingano y’ibicuruzwa yari toni ibihumbi 360. Muri 2017, ingano nyayo y’ibicuruzwa bya ionic yagurishijwe.CMCyari toni 234.000, yiyongereyeho 18.61% ugereranyije n'umwaka, naho ingano y'ibicuruzwa bya CMC bitari ionic yari toni 126.000, yiyongereyeho 8.2% ugereranyije n'umwaka. Uretse HPMC (ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi),HPMC(urwego rw'imiti), HPMC (urwego rw'ibiribwa), HEC, HPC, MC, HEMC, n'ibindi byose byazamutse ugereranyije n'uko ibintu byifashe, kandi umusaruro n'ibicuruzwa byakomeje kwiyongera. Eteri za cellulose zo mu ngo zimaze imyaka irenga icumi ziyongera cyane, kandi umusaruro wabaye uwa mbere ku isi. Ariko, ibicuruzwa byinshi by'ibigo bya eteri za cellulose bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda zo hagati n'izo hasi, kandi agaciro k'inyongera ntabwo kari hejuru.
Muri iki gihe, ibigo byinshi byo mu gihugu bitunganya ether ya cellulose biri mu gihe gikomeye cyo guhinduka no kuvugurura. Bigomba gukomeza kongera ubushakashatsi ku bicuruzwa no kubiteza imbere, gukomeza kunoza ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, gukoresha neza Ubushinwa, isoko rinini ku isi, no kongera imbaraga mu guteza imbere amasoko yo mu mahanga kugira ngo ibigo bishobore kwaguka vuba bishoboka. Kurangiza impinduka no kuvugurura, kwinjira mu nganda hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru, no kugera ku iterambere ryiza kandi ritangiza ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Mata 2024