Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibinyabutabire bya polymer, bikoreshwa cyane mu bwubatsi, mu buvuzi, mu biribwa no mu bindi bikorwa. Muri byo, HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), MC (methylcellulose), HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose) na CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) ni ether enye zisanzwe za cellulose.
Selulose ya Methyl (MC):
MC irashongeshwa mu mazi akonje kandi iragoye gushongeshwa mu mazi ashyushye. Umuti w'amazi uhoraho cyane mu gipimo cya pH = 3 ~ 12, uhuye neza, kandi ushobora kuvangwa n'ibintu bitandukanye bya surfactants nka sitashi na guar gum. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bwa gelation, gelation iba ihari.
Kubika amazi kwa MC biterwa n'ingano yayo, ubukana, ubukana bw'uduce duto n'umuvuduko wo gusenyuka. Muri rusange, igipimo cyo kubika amazi kiba kinini iyo ingano yo kongeramo ari nini, uduce duto kandi ubukana ari bwinshi. Muri byo, ingano yo kongeramo bigira ingaruka nini ku gipimo cyo kubika amazi, kandi urwego rw'ubukana ntabwo rungana n'umuvuduko wo kubika amazi. Igipimo cyo gusenyuka giterwa ahanini n'urugero rw'impinduka z'ubuso n'ubukana bw'uduce twa selulose.
Impinduka mu bushyuhe zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kubika amazi kwa MC. Muri rusange, uko ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwinshi, ni ko kubika amazi kuba mabi kurushaho. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa mortiweri burenze dogere selisiyusi 40, kubika amazi kwa MC bizagabanuka cyane, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’ubwubatsi bwa mortiweri.
MC igira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'ubwubatsi n'uburyo ifatana. Aha, "gufatana" bivuga uburyo ibikoresho by'umukozi byubaka bifatanye n'urukuta, ni ukuvuga uburyo ifatana ry'urukuta rihangana. Uko ifatana ry'urukuta rikomera, ni ko ifatana ry'urukuta rirushaho gukomera, ni ko imbaraga zisabwa n'umukozi mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha zirushaho kwiyongera, kandi uburyo ifatana ry'urukuta rukarushaho kuba rubi. Uburyo ifatana ry'urukuta rwa MC riri ku rwego rwo hagati mu bicuruzwa bya cellulose ether.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC):
HPMC yoroshye gushonga mu mazi, ariko ishobora kugorana gushonga mu mazi ashyushye. Ariko, ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gushonga mu mazi ashyushye buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ubwa MC, kandi gushonga kwayo mu mazi akonje na byo ni byiza kuruta ubwa MC.
Ubushyuhe bwa HPMC bufitanye isano n'uburemere bwa molekile, kandi ubushyuhe buba bwinshi iyo uburemere bwa molekile ari bwinshi. Ubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwayo, kandi ubushyuhe bugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ariko ubushyuhe bugabanukaho bugabanukaho buruta ubwa MC. Umuti wayo uhoraho mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
Uburyo amazi abikwamo na HPMC biterwa n'ingano y'inyongera n'ubukana, n'ibindi. Igipimo cyo kubika amazi ku rugero rumwe rw'inyongera kiri hejuru y'icya MC.
HPMC irahamye ku bijyanye na aside na alkali, kandi umuti wayo w’amazi urahamye cyane mu rugero rwa pH ruri hagati ya 2 na 12. Soda ya Caustic na lime amazi ntacyo bigira ku mikorere yayo, ariko alkali ishobora kwihutisha umuvuduko wayo wo gushonga no kongera ubukana. HPMC irahamye ku bijyanye n’umunyu rusange, ariko iyo ubwinshi bw’umunyu buri hejuru, ubukana bw’umuti wa HPMC bukunda kwiyongera.
HPMC ishobora kuvangwa n'ibinyabutabire bya polymer bishongeshwa n'amazi kugira ngo bikore umuti umwe kandi ufite ubukana bwinshi, nka polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, nibindi.
HPMC ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa enzymes kurusha MC, kandi umuti wayo ntushobora kwangirika cyane kurusha MC. HPMC ifite uburyo bwo gufata neza MC kurusha MC.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC):
HEC irashongeshwa mu mazi akonje kandi iragoye gushongeshwa mu mazi ashyushye. Umuti uhoraho iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi nta miterere ya gel ugira. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu ifuru igihe kirekire iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ariko amazi yayo ni make ugereranyije na MC.
HEC irahamye kuri aside rusange na alkali, alkali ishobora kwihutisha gushonga kwayo no kongera ubukana bwayo gato, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwira mu mazi buri hasi gato ugereranije na MC na HPMC.
HEC ifite ubushobozi bwo gufunga neza mu gihe cyo gufunga, ariko sima ifite igihe kirekire cyo kuyihagarika.
HEC ikorwa na bimwe mu bigo byo mu gihugu ifite umusaruro muto ugereranije na MC bitewe n’uko ifite amazi menshi n’ivu.
Selulose ya karboksimetili (CMC):
CMC ni ionic cellulose ether itegurwa n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura nyuma y'uko fibre karemano (nk'ipamba) zivuwe na alkali kandi aside chloroacetic ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gitanga ubushyuhe. Igipimo cyo gusimbuza ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 0.4 na 1.4, kandi imikorere yayo igirwaho ingaruka cyane n'urwego rwo gusimbuza ubushyuhe.
CMC ifite ingaruka zo gukurura no gushimangira ubushyuhe, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu binyobwa birimo amavuta na poroteyine kugira ngo igire uruhare mu gushimangira ubushyuhe.
CMC igira ingaruka zo kubika amazi. Mu nyama, umugati, imigati itekeshejwe n'ibindi biribwa, ishobora kugira uruhare mu kunoza ingirabuzima fatizo, kandi igatuma amazi adahindagurika cyane, ikongera umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa, kandi ikongera uburyohe.
CMC ifite ingaruka zo gusya kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora jeli na jam.
CMC ishobora gukora agahu ku buso bw'ibiryo, gafite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ku mbuto n'imboga kandi kakongera igihe cyo kumara imbuto n'imboga.
Izi ether za cellulose zifite imiterere yazo yihariye n'aho zikoreshwa. Guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiye bigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa byihariye byo gukoreshwa n'imiterere y'ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-29-2024