He papa koʻikoʻi ka cellulose ether o nā hui polymer, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka meaʻai a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. I waena o lākou, ʻo HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), MC (methylcellulose), HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose) a me CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) ʻehā mau cellulose ethers maʻamau.
Methyl cellulose (MC):
He mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka MC i ka wai anuanu a paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela. He paʻa loa ka hopena wai ma ka pae pH = 3 ~ 12, he kūpono maikaʻi, a hiki ke kāwili ʻia me nā ʻano surfactants like ʻole e like me ka starch a me ka guar gum. Ke hiki ka mahana i ka mahana gelation, hana ʻia ka gelation.
ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o MC e pili ana i ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana, ka mānoanoa, ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Ma keʻano laulā, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ke nui ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana, maikaʻi nā ʻāpana a kiʻekiʻe ka mānoanoa. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui ka hopena nui loa i ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, a ʻaʻole kūlike ka pae mānoanoa me ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana e pili nui ana i ke kekelē hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana cellulose.
E hoʻopilikia nui nā loli o ka mahana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka MC. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. Inā ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka mortar ma mua o 40°C, e emi nui ana ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka MC, e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ka hana kūkulu o ka mortar.
He hopena koʻikoʻi ko MC i ka hana kūkulu a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka mortar. Maanei, ʻo ka "hoʻopili" e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o nā mea hana kūkulu a ka mea hana a me ka substrate paia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kūpaʻa ʻoki o ka mortar. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻo ka nui o ke kūpaʻa ʻoki o ka mortar, ʻo ka nui o ka ikaika e pono ai ka mea hana i ka wā e hoʻohana ai, a me ka hana kūkulu maikaʻi ʻole o ka mortar. Aia ka hoʻopili ʻana o MC ma kahi pae waena ma waena o nā huahana cellulose ether.
ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC):
He maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka HPMC i ka wai, akā paʻakikī paha ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kona mahana gelation i ka wai wela ma mua o ka MC, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona solubility i ka wai anuanu ma mua o ka MC.
Pili ka mānoanoa o HPMC i ke kaumaha molekala, a kiʻekiʻe ka mānoanoa ke nui ke kaumaha molekala. Hoʻopilikia pū ka mahana i kona mānoanoa, a emi iho ka mānoanoa i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana e emi ai kona mānoanoa ma mua o MC. Paʻa kona hopena ma ka mahana o ka lumi.
ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o HPMC ma mua o ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka mānoanoa, a pēlā aku. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma ka nui hoʻohui like ma mua o MC.
He paʻa ka HPMC i nā waikawa a me nā alkalis, a he paʻa loa kona hopena wai ma ka pae pH o 2 ~ 12. ʻAʻole nui ka hopena o ka soda caustic a me ka wai lime i kāna hana, akā hiki i ka alkali ke hoʻolalelale i kona wikiwiki hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻonui i ka viscosity. He paʻa ka HPMC i nā paʻakai maʻamau, akā i ka wā e kiʻekiʻe ai ka nui o ka hopena paʻakai, e piʻi aʻe ka viscosity o ka hopena HPMC.
Hiki ke kāwili ʻia ka HPMC me nā hui polymer wai-soluble e hana i kahi hopena viscosity kiʻekiʻe aʻe, e like me ka polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, a pēlā aku.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka HPMC i nā enzyme ma mua o MC, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻalahi o kāna hopena i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka enzymatic ma mua o MC. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka HPMC i ka mortar ma mua o MC.
ʻO ka Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC):
He mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo HEC i ka wai anuanu a paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela. Paʻa ka hopena i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻohe ona ʻano gel. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka mortar no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona paʻa ʻana i ka wai ma mua o MC.
He kūpaʻa ʻo HEC i nā waikawa maʻamau a me nā alkalis, hiki i ka alkali ke hoʻolalelale i kona hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻonui iki i ka viscosity, a ʻo kona dispersibility i ka wai he haʻahaʻa iki ia ma mua o MC a me HPMC.
He maikaʻi ka hana hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka HEC no ka sima, akā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻopaneʻe o ka sima.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana o ka HEC i hana ʻia e kekahi mau ʻoihana kūloko ma mua o MC ma muli o kona nui o ka wai a me ka lehu.
ʻO ke kelulose Carboxymethyl (CMC):
ʻO CMC kahi ionic cellulose ether i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e kahi ʻano o nā hana hopena ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā olonā kūlohelohe (e like me ka pulupulu) me ka alkali a hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa chloroacetic ma ke ʻano he etherifying agent. ʻO ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana ma waena o 0.4 a me 1.4, a ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kāna hana e ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana.
Loaʻa i ka CMC nā hopena hoʻomānoanoa a me ka emulsification stabilization, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea inu e loaʻa ana ka aila a me ka protein e pāʻani i kahi kuleana emulsification stabilization.
Loaʻa iā CMC kahi hopena paʻa wai. I loko o nā huahana ʻiʻo, ka berena, nā bun mahu a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i kahi hana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻiʻo, a hiki ke hoʻemi i ka wai e lele ana, hoʻonui i ka hua o ka huahana, a hoʻonui i ka ʻono.
He hopena gelling ko CMC a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka jelly a me ka jam.
Hiki i ka CMC ke hana i kahi ʻili ma luna o ka meaʻai, kahi hopena pale i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola papa o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.
Loaʻa i kēia mau ethers cellulose ko lākou mau waiwai kū hoʻokahi a me nā wahi hoʻohana. Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ke koho ʻana o nā huahana kūpono e like me nā koi noi kikoʻī a me nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-29-2024