1 Gabatarwa
Tun bayan bayyanar rini mai amsawa, sodium alginate (SA) shine babban manna don buga rini mai amsawa akan yadin auduga.
Amfani da nau'ikan guda ukuƙwayoyin celluloseAn shirya CMC, HEC da HECMC a Babi na 3 a matsayin manna na asali, an shafa su a kan bugu mai amsawa.
fure. An gwada ƙa'idodin asali da halayen bugawa na manne guda uku kuma an kwatanta su da SA, kuma an gwada zare uku.
Buga kaddarorin bitamin ethers.
2 Sashen gwaji
Kayan gwaji da magunguna
Kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen gwajin. Daga cikinsu, an yi amfani da kayan da aka buga fenti da kuma tace su, da sauransu.
Jerin saƙa mai tsabta ta auduga mai laushi da aka riga aka yi wa magani, mai yawa 60/10cm×50/10cm, saƙa zare 21tex×21tex.
Shirye-shiryen manna bugu da manna launi
Shiri na manna bugu
Ga manna huɗu na asali na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC, gwargwadon rabon abubuwan da ke cikin tauri daban-daban, a ƙarƙashin yanayin juyawa
Sai a zuba manna a hankali a cikin ruwan, a ci gaba da juyawa na tsawon lokaci, har sai manna na asali ya yi daidai kuma ya bayyana, a daina juyawa, sannan a sanya shi a kan murhu
A cikin gilashi, a bar shi ya kwana ɗaya.
Shiri na manna bugu
Da farko a narkar da urea da gishirin hana rini S da ɗan ruwa kaɗan, sannan a zuba rini mai amsawa wanda aka narkar a cikin ruwa, a dafa a wuta sannan a zuba a cikin ruwan dumi.
Bayan an gauraya na ɗan lokaci, sai a zuba ruwan rini da aka tace a cikin manna na asali sannan a gauraya daidai gwargwado. Sai a ƙara narkewa har sai an fara bugawa.
Kyakkyawan sodium bicarbonate. Tsarin manna launi shine: rini mai amsawa 3%, manna na asali 80% (abun da ke cikin tauri 3%), sodium bicarbonate 3%,
Gishirin hana gurɓatawa S shine kashi 2%, urea shine kashi 5%, kuma a ƙarshe an ƙara ruwa zuwa kashi 100%.
tsarin bugawa
Tsarin buga rini mai amsawa na yadi na auduga: shirye-shiryen manna bugawa → buga sandar maganadisu (a zafin ɗaki da matsin lamba, bugawa sau 3) → bushewa (105℃, minti 10) → tururi (105±2℃, minti 10) → wanke ruwan sanyi → zafi Wankewa da ruwa (80℃) → tafasa sabulu (sabulun shafawa 3g/L,
100℃, minti 10) → Wanke ruwan zafi (80℃) → Wanke ruwan sanyi → Busarwa (60℃).
Gwajin aiki na asali na manna
Gwajin manna ƙimar
An shirya manna guda huɗu na asali na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC tare da abubuwan da ke cikin tauri daban-daban, kuma Brookfield DV-Ⅱ
An gwada dankowar kowanne manna tare da abun ciki daban-daban mai ƙarfi ta amfani da na'urar auna sigina, kuma canjin lanƙwasa na danko tare da yawan da aka samu shine ƙimar samuwar manna.
lanƙwasa.
Fihirisar Danko da Bugawa ta Rhology
Ilimin Halitta: An yi amfani da na'urar auna juyi ta MCR301 don auna danko (η) na manna na asali a yawan yankewa daban-daban.
Layin canjin canjin ƙimar yankewa shine lanƙwasa rheological.
Fihirisar danko ta bugawa: Fihirisar danko ta bugawa ana bayyana ta ta hanyar PVI, PVI = η60/η6, inda η60 da η6 suke bi da bi.
An auna danko na manna na asali ta hanyar amfani da na'urar auna sigina ta Brookfield DV-II a daidai wannan saurin juyawa na 60r/min da 6r/min.
gwajin riƙe ruwa
A auna gram 25 na manna na asali a cikin kwalba mai girman 80mL, sannan a zuba 25mL na ruwan da aka tace a hankali yayin da ake juyawa don yin hadin.
Ana gauraya shi daidai gwargwado. Ɗauki takardar tacewa mai tsawon × faɗin 10cm × 1cm, sannan a yi alama a ƙarshen takardar tacewa da layin sikelin, sannan a saka ƙarshen da aka yiwa alama a cikin manna, ta yadda layin sikelin zai yi daidai da saman manna, kuma lokacin ya fara bayan an saka takardar tacewa, kuma a rubuta shi a kan takardar tacewa bayan mintuna 30.
Tsawon danshi ke tashi zuwa gare shi.
Gwajin Daidaito na Sinadarai 4
Don buga rini mai amsawa, gwada dacewa da manna na asali da sauran rini da aka ƙara a cikin manna bugawa,
Wato, daidaito tsakanin manna na asali da abubuwan guda uku (urea, sodium bicarbonate da gishirin hana tabo S), takamaiman matakan gwaji sune kamar haka:
(1) Don gwajin danko na manna na asali, ƙara 25mL na ruwan da aka tace a cikin 50g na manna na asali, a juya daidai gwargwado, sannan a auna danko.
Ana amfani da ƙimar viscosity da aka samu azaman viscosity na tunani.
(2) Domin gwada danko na manna na asali bayan an ƙara sinadarai daban-daban (urea, sodium bicarbonate da gishirin hana tabo S), a sanya 15% da aka shirya.
Maganin urea (ƙashi na taro), maganin gishirin S mai hana tabo kashi 3% (ƙashi na taro) da kuma maganin sodium bicarbonate kashi 6% (ƙashi na taro)
An ƙara 25mL a cikin 50g na manna na asali bi da bi, an gauraya daidai gwargwado kuma an sanya shi na wani lokaci, sannan aka auna danko na manna na asali. A ƙarshe, za a auna danko na asali.
An kwatanta ƙimar danko da danko mai dacewa, kuma an ƙididdige kashi na canjin danko na manna na asali kafin da kuma bayan ƙara kowane fenti da kayan sinadarai.
Gwajin Kwanciyar Hankali na Ajiya
A adana manna na asali a zafin ɗaki (25°C) a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na yau da kullun na tsawon kwanaki shida, a auna danko na manna na asali kowace rana a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, sannan a ƙididdige danko na manna na asali bayan kwana 6 idan aka kwatanta da danko da aka auna a rana ta farko ta hanyar dabara ta 4-(1). Ana kimanta matakin warwatse na kowane manna na asali ta hanyar matakin warwatse a matsayin ma'auni
Kwanciyar ajiya, ƙaramar watsawa, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na manna na asali.
Gwajin ƙimar zamewa
Da farko a busar da audugar da za a buga zuwa nauyi mai ɗorewa, a auna a kuma rubuta shi a matsayin mA; sannan a busar da audugar bayan an buga shi zuwa nauyi mai ɗorewa, a auna a kuma yi rikodinsa
shine mB; a ƙarshe, ana busar da yadin auduga da aka buga bayan tururi, sabulu da wankewa zuwa matsakaicin nauyi, ana auna shi kuma ana rubuta shi azaman mC
Gwajin hannu
Da farko, ana ɗaukar samfurin yadin auduga kafin da kuma bayan bugawa kamar yadda ake buƙata, sannan ana amfani da kayan aikin yadin da aka yi da phabometer don auna ƙarfin yadin.
An yi cikakken kimanta yadda aka ji a hannu kafin da kuma bayan bugawa ta hanyar kwatanta halayen jin hannu guda uku na santsi, tauri da laushi.
Gwajin saurin launi na yadudduka da aka buga
(1) Gwajin launi zuwa ga gwajin gogewa
Gwaji bisa ga GB/T 3920-2008 "Gwaji mai saurin launi zuwa gogewa don gwajin saurin launi na yadi".
(2) Gwajin saurin launi zuwa wankewa
Gwaji bisa ga GB/T 3921.3-2008 "Gwajin saurin launi zuwa sabulun yadi".
Abun da ke cikin manna na asali/%
CMC
HEC
HEMCC
SA
Bambancin lanƙwasa na ɗanko na nau'ikan manna guda huɗu na asali tare da abun ciki mai ƙarfi
Waɗannan su ne sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) da
Lanƙwasa na ɗanko na nau'ikan manna guda huɗu na asali na hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose (HECMC) a matsayin aikin abun ciki mai ƙarfi.
, ɗanɗanon manna guda huɗu na asali ya ƙaru tare da ƙaruwar abun ciki mai ƙarfi, amma halayen manna guda huɗu na asali ba iri ɗaya ba ne, daga cikinsu SA
Haƙƙin mannewa na CMC da HECMC shine mafi kyau, kuma haƙƙin mannewa na HEC shine mafi muni.
An auna lanƙwasa aikin rheological na manne guda huɗu na asali ta amfani da rheometer mai juyawa na MCR301.
- Lanƙwasa mai kama da na'urar yankewa. Danko na manne guda huɗu na asali duk sun ƙaru da ƙimar yankewa.
ƙaruwa da raguwa, SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC duk ruwa ne na roba. Tebur 4.3 Ƙimar PVI na manna danye daban-daban
Nau'in manna danye SA CMC HEC HECMC
Darajar PVI 0.813 0.526 0.621 0.726
Za a iya gani daga Tebur 4.3 cewa ma'aunin danko na bugawa na SA da HECMC ya fi girma kuma danko na tsari ya fi ƙanƙanta, wato, manna na asali na bugawa.
A ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarancin ƙarfin yankewa, ƙimar canjin ɗanko kaɗan ne, kuma yana da wuya a cika buƙatun allon juyawa da buga allo mai faɗi; yayin da HEC da CMC
Ma'aunin danko na bugawa na CMC shine 0.526 kawai, kuma danko na tsarinsa yana da girma sosai, wato, manna na asali yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin yankewa.
A ƙarƙashin aikin, canjin ɗanko yana da matsakaici, wanda zai iya biyan buƙatun allon juyawa da bugu mai faɗi, kuma zai iya dacewa da bugu na allo mai juyawa tare da lambar raga mafi girma.
Sauƙin samun tsare-tsare da layuka masu haske. Viscosity/mPa·s
Lanƙwasa na rheological na manna mai ɗanɗano guda huɗu na 1%
Nau'in manna danye SA CMC HEC HECMC
h/cm 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.39
Sakamakon gwajin riƙe ruwa na 1%SA, 1%CMC, 1%HEC da 1%HECMC na asali.
An gano cewa karfin riƙe ruwa na SA shine mafi kyau, sai CMC, sannan mafi muni sai HECMC da HEC.
Kwatanta Daidaito da Sinadarai
Bambancin asalin danko na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC
Nau'in manna danye SA CMC HEC HECMC
Danko/mPa·s
Danko bayan ƙara urea/mPas
Danko bayan ƙara gishirin hana tabo S/mPa s
Danko bayan ƙara sodium bicarbonate/mPa s
Manyan manna guda huɗu na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC sun bambanta da manyan ƙari guda uku: urea, gishirin hana tabo S da
An nuna canje-canje a cikin ƙara sodium bicarbonate a cikin tebur., ƙara manyan ƙari guda uku, zuwa manna na asali
Saurin canjin danko ya bambanta sosai. Daga cikinsu, ƙara urea na iya ƙara danko na manna na asali da kusan kashi 5%, wanda hakan na iya zama
Yana faruwa ne sakamakon tasirin hygroscopic da kumburin urea; kuma gishirin hana tabo na S zai ƙara ɗanɗanon manna na asali, amma ba shi da tasiri sosai;
Ƙara sinadarin sodium bicarbonate ya rage yawan danko na manna na asali sosai, wanda daga ciki CMC da HEC sun ragu sosai, da kuma danko na HECMC/mPa.
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Na biyu, daidaiton SA ya fi kyau.
SA CMC HEC HECMC
-15
-10
-5
05
Urea
Gishirin hana tabo S
sodium bicarbonate
Daidaiton manna na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC tare da sinadarai guda uku
Kwatanta kwanciyar hankali na ajiya
Yaɗuwar danko na yau da kullun na manna daban-daban na ɗanye
Nau'in manna danye SA CMC HEC HECMC
Watsawa/% 8.68 8.15 8. 98 8.83
shine matakin watsawa na SA, CMC, HEC da HECMC a ƙarƙashin ɗanko na yau da kullun na manna huɗu na asali, watsawa
Ƙaramin darajar digiri, haka nan kuma daidaiton ajiya na manna na asali mai dacewa zai fi kyau. Ana iya gani daga teburin cewa daidaiton ajiya na manna ɗanyen CMC yana da kyau sosai.
Kwanciyar ajiyar HEC da HECMC ba ta da kyau, amma bambancin ba shi da mahimmanci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-29-2022