I-Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC)iyi-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini kanye nesithako esisebenzayo esisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokudla. Ibonisa izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqina, ukuzinza, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nokugcina amanzi. Ukuphepha kwayo kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi kuhlobene ngqo nekhwalithi yokudla kanye nempilo yabathengi. Ngakho-ke, amazwe emhlabeni wonke amise imithethonqubo eqinile kanye nezindinganiso ze-CMC yezinga lokudla.
1. Uhlaka Lokulawula Lwamazwe Ngamazwe lwe-CMC Yezinga Lokudla
1.1. Ikomidi Elihlangene Lochwepheshe Be-FAO/WHO Lezithasiselo Zokudla (i-JECFA)
IKomidi Elihlangene Lochwepheshe Bezithasiselo Zokudla (i-JECFA) le-Food and Agriculture Organisation ye-United Nations (FAO) kanye ne-World Health Organization (WHO) bafaka i-CMC ohlwini lwezithasiselo zokudla eziphephile kusukela ngo-1963.
1.2. Inombolo ye-INS: 466
I-ADI (Ukudla Okwamukelekayo Kwansuku Zonke): “Akucacisiwe” kubonisa ukuphepha okuphezulu ngaphakathi kokusetshenziswa okufanele.
1.3. Isigaba Esisebenzayo: Isiqinisi, I-Emulsifier, I-Stabilizer
Izidingo zekhwalithi ze-JECFA ze-CMC yezinga lokudla zifaka phakathi ubumsulwa, izinga lokushintshana (DS 0.6-1.0), i-pH (6.0-8.5), kanye nemikhawulo yensimbi esindayo (isb., i-lead ≤ 2 mg/kg).
1.4. I-Codex Alimentarius
I-Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) ichaza ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kanye namazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa kwe-CMC ezigabeni ezahlukene zokudla ku-General Standard yayo ye-Food Additives (GSFA). Isibonelo:
Imikhiqizo yobisi (isb., i-ayisikhilimu, imikhiqizo yobisi ebilisiwe): Izinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa lingu-10,000 mg/kg;
Iziphuzo zezithelo, amasoso, kanye nemikhiqizo yokubhaka: Ngokuvamile akufanele kudlule u-5,000 mg/kg;
Ukusetshenziswa kwefomula yezingane ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe.
2. Uhlelo Lokulawula lwe-CMC Lokudla lwaseShayina
Izinga Likazwelonke Lokuphepha Kokudla GB 1886.232-2016 “Isithasiselo Sokudla – I-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose”
Leli zinga lisebenza njengesisekelo sokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-CMC yezinga lokudla ezweni lami. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zifaka:
2.1. Ukubukeka: Impuphu emhlophe noma ephuzi kancane;
Izinga Lokufaka Esikhundleni (DS): 0.6-0.95;
Ubumsulwa (isisekelo esomile): ≥99.5%;
Ukuqina (isixazululo esingu-1%): ≥400 mPa·s (kuye ngohlobo);
i-pH: 6.0-8.5;
Ukulahlekelwa Kokomisa: ≤10%;
Izinsimbi Ezisindayo (njenge-Pb): ≤2 mg/kg;
I-Arsenic (As): ≤1 mg/kg.
2.2. Izinga Lokusetshenziswa: GB 2760 “Izinga Lokusetshenziswa Kwezithasiselo Zokudla”
I-CMC ihlukaniswa njenge-thickener kanye ne-stabilizer futhi ingasetshenziswa ekudleni okuhlukahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kanye nemikhawulo yilena elandelayo:
I-ayisikhilimu, ijeli, i-pasta, amasoso: Sebenzisa ngobuningi obufanele ngokwezidingo zokukhiqiza;
Iziphuzo: Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu okungu-0.5%;
Imikhiqizo yobisi: Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kakhulu 0.3%;
Ukudla kwezinsana nezinsana: Akuvunyelwe.
2.3. Izidingo Zokulawula Nokubhalisa
Abakhiqizi kumele babe neLayisensi Yokukhiqiza Okungeziwe Kokudla (inombolo ye-SC), futhi imikhiqizo yabo kumele ibhaliswe ne-State Administration for Market Regulation. Imikhiqizo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumele futhi ihambisane nezindinganiso zezwe elingenisa impahla (isib. i-EU E466, i-US FCC, njll.).
3. Ukubuka Konke Kwamazinga eYurophu, eMelika, nakwezinye izifunda
3.1. Izinga le-EU (E466)
Umthethonqubo we-EU (EU) No. 231/2012 uqoka i-CMC njengesithasiselo sokudla esiqokwe njenge-E466.
Kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa njenge-thickener kanye ne-stabilizer.
Izidingo zezinga lokushintsha, okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo, kanye nezinkomba ze-microbiological ngokuvamile ziyavumelana neze-JECFA.
Akuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kufomula yosana.
3.2. Imithethonqubo ye-FDA yase-US (21 CFR 182.1745)
I-CMC ibhalwe njenge-GRAS (Ngokuvamile Eyaziwa Njengephephile) futhi ingasetshenziswa ekudleni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusekelwe ku-Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-ayisikhilimu, ama-dressing esaladi, ama-jellies, izinto ezibhakiwe, njll.
I-FDA idinga imithombo yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphephile kanye nezinqubo ezilandelekayo.
3.3. Izindinganiso ZaseJapane NezaseKorea
Izindinganiso zala mazwe amabili zilandela "i-Food Additives Standard" kanye "ne-Food Additives Standard," ngokulandelana. I-CMC kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zobumsulwa kanye nemikhawulo yamagciwane, futhi ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwayo bufana nobe-EU.
4. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Ekuhlolweni nasekuLawulweni Kwekhwalithi
Ukuhlolwa kwe-CMC yezinga lokudla kuhlanganisa kakhulu izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, izinkomba zokuhlanzeka, kanye nezinkomba zokuphepha:
Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba namakhemikhali: ukujiya, izinga lokushintshana, i-pH, umswakama, okuqukethwe umlotha;
Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha: izinsimbi ezisindayo, i-arsenic, i-lead, kanye nenani eliphelele lamagciwane;
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: ukuncibilika, izakhiwo ze-rheological, ukuzinza, njll. I-CMC yokudla esezingeni eliphezulu kufanele ibonise izici ezifana nokucaca okuphezulu, ukungabi nephunga, ukuncibilika okuhle, kanye nephrofayili ye-rheological eqinile.
5. Imikhuba Yokulawula Nokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni
Ngokukhula “kwelebula elihlanzekile” kanye nemikhuba yokudla okunempilo, i-CMC yezinga lokudla iya ngokuya ilawulwa ngokuqinile:
Inqubo yokukhiqiza kumele ingabi nezincibilikisi eziyingozi (njenge-isopropyl alcohol);
Ukushintshela “emicu etholakala ngokwemvelo” kanye “nemicu ebolayo” kuyaqhubeka;
Izinkampani kumele zithole izitifiketi eziningi, okuhlanganisa i-ISO 22000, i-HACCP, i-HALAL, kanye ne-KOSHER.
Esikhathini esizayo, imithethonqubo nezindinganiso ze-CMC zizohambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, zigcizelela kakhulu ukuphepha kwemithombo, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nemiphumela yempilo yabantu.
Uhlelo lokulawula nolujwayelekile lwei-CMC yezinga lokudlaiyaqhubeka nokuba yinkimbinkimbi, ihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa. Izinkampani kufanele zilandele ngokuqinile amazinga kazwelonke njenge-GB 1886.232 kanye ne-GB 2760 ngesikhathi socwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi ziqaphe izibuyekezo ezivela ku-JECFA, i-EU, kanye ne-FDA. Kuphela ngokuyisebenzisa ngokufanele ngaphakathi kohlaka lokulawula lapho singaqinisekisa khona ukuthi umsebenzi kanye nokuphepha kwe-CMC ekudleni kunikezwa ukubaluleka okufanayo futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko esimeme yemboni yokudla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-27-2025