Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC)Ndi ulusi wosungunuka m'madzi komanso chowonjezera chogwira ntchito chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani azakudya. Chimawonetsa kukhuthala, kukhazikika, kusakaniza, komanso kusunga madzi bwino. Chitetezo chake ndi kuwongolera khalidwe lake zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ubwino wa chakudya komanso thanzi la ogula. Chifukwa chake, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akhazikitsa malamulo okhwima ndi miyezo ya CMC yokwera chakudya.
1. Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Padziko Lonse ya CMC Yoyenera Chakudya
1.1. Komiti Yogwirizana ya Akatswiri a FAO/WHO pa Zowonjezera Zakudya (JECFA)
Komiti Yogwirizana ya Akatswiri pa Zowonjezera Zakudya (JECFA) ya Bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ndi World Health Organization (WHO) inalemba CMC pamndandanda wa Zowonjezera Zakudya Zotetezeka kuyambira mu 1963.
1.2. Nambala ya INS: 466
ADI (Kudya Kovomerezeka Tsiku Lililonse): “Sikunatchulidwe” kumatanthauza chitetezo chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.
1.3. Gulu Logwira Ntchito: Chokhuthala, Chosakaniza, Chokhazikika
Zofunikira za JECFA pa CMC yovomerezeka ndi chakudya zikuphatikizapo kuyera, mlingo wa kusintha (DS 0.6-1.0), pH (6.0-8.5), ndi malire a heavy metal (monga lead ≤ 2 mg/kg).
1.4. Codex Alimentarius
Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) imafotokoza momwe CMC imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana azakudya mu General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA). Mwachitsanzo:
Zakudya za mkaka (monga ayisikilimu, mkaka wowiritsa): Mlingo woyenera wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 10,000 mg/kg;
Zakumwa za zipatso, sosi, ndi zinthu zophika buledi: Nthawi zambiri zisapitirire 5,000 mg/kg;
Kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa makanda nthawi zambiri kumaletsedwa.
2. Dongosolo Lolamulira la CMC la ku China Lokhudza Chakudya
Muyezo wa Chitetezo cha Chakudya cha Dziko Lonse GB 1886.232-2016 “Chowonjezera Chakudya – Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose”
Muyezo uwu ndi maziko owongolera ubwino wa CMC yovomerezeka ndi chakudya m'dziko langa. Zofunikira zazikulu zaukadaulo ndi izi:
2.1. Maonekedwe: Ufa woyera kapena wachikasu pang'ono;
Digiri Yosinthira (DS): 0.6-0.95;
Chiyero (chouma): ≥99.5%;
Kukhuthala (1% yankho): ≥400 mPa·s (kutengera mtundu);
pH: 6.0-8.5;
Kutayika pa Kuumitsa: ≤10%;
Zitsulo Zolemera (monga Pb): ≤2 mg/kg;
Arsenic (As): ≤1 mg/kg.
2.2. Muyezo Wogwiritsira Ntchito: GB 2760 “Muyezo Wogwiritsira Ntchito Zowonjezera Chakudya”
CMC imagawidwa m'gulu la zinthu zokhuthala komanso zokhazikika ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito muzakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi malire ake ndi awa:
Ayisikilimu, jeli, pasitala, msuzi: Gwiritsani ntchito moyenerera malinga ndi zosowa za kupanga;
Zakumwa: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri 0.5%;
Zakudya za mkaka: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri 0.3%;
Chakudya cha ana aang'ono ndi ana aang'ono: Choletsedwa.
2.3. Zofunikira pa Malamulo ndi Kulembetsa
Opanga ayenera kukhala ndi Chilolezo Chopanga Chakudya Chowonjezera (nambala ya SC), ndipo zinthu zawo ziyenera kulembetsedwa ndi Boma la Ulamuliro wa Msika. Zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ziyeneranso kutsatira miyezo ya dziko lotumiza kunja (monga EU E466, US FCC, ndi zina zotero).
3. Chidule cha Miyezo ku Ulaya, America, ndi Madera Ena
3.1. Muyezo wa EU (E466)
Lamulo la EU (EU) Nambala 231/2012 limatchula CMC ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya chotchedwa E466.
Ndi zololedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera komanso chokhazikika.
Zofunikira pa mlingo wosinthira, kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zolemera, ndi zizindikiro za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi za JECFA.
Sizololedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mkaka wa ana.
3.2. Malamulo a US FDA (21 CFR 182.1745)
CMC yalembedwa ngati chinthu cha GRAS (Chodziwika Kuti Ndi Chotetezeka) ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu chakudya.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumachokera ku Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ayisikilimu, saladi, jellies, zinthu zophikidwa, ndi zina zotero.
FDA imafuna magwero otetezeka a zinthu zopangira ndi njira zotsatirika.
3.3. Miyezo ya ku Japan ndi ku Korea
Miyezo ya mayiko awiriwa imatsatira "Food Additives Standard" ndi "Food Additives Standard," motsatana. CMC iyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya kuyera ndi malire a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi yofanana ndi ya EU.
4. Mfundo Zofunika Pakuyesa ndi Kuwongolera Ubwino
Kuyesa kwa CMC yodziwika bwino pa chakudya kumaphatikizapo makamaka mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, zizindikiro za kuyera, ndi zizindikiro zachitetezo:
Mayeso akuthupi ndi a mankhwala: kukhuthala, kuchuluka kwa kusintha, pH, chinyezi, kuchuluka kwa phulusa;
Mayeso a chitetezo: zitsulo zolemera, arsenic, lead, ndi chiwerengero chonse cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
Mayeso ogwira ntchito: kusungunuka, makhalidwe a rheological, kukhazikika, ndi zina zotero. CMC yapamwamba kwambiri ya chakudya iyenera kuwonetsa makhalidwe monga kuwonekera bwino, kusakhala ndi fungo, kusungunuka bwino, komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika a rheological.
5. Machitidwe Oyendetsera Ntchito ndi Kukula kwa Makampani
Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa "chizindikiro choyera" komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe anthu amadya, CMC ya zakudya zapamwamba ikulamulidwa molimba mtima:
Njira yopangira iyenera kukhala yopanda zosungunulira zotsalira zovulaza (monga isopropyl alcohol);
Kusintha kwa "ulusi wopangidwa mwachilengedwe" ndi "ulusi wowola" kukuchitika;
Makampani ayenera kupeza ziphaso zingapo, kuphatikizapo ISO 22000, HACCP, HALAL, ndi KOSHER.
Mtsogolomu, malamulo ndi miyezo ya CMC idzagwirizananso ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikugogomezera kwambiri chitetezo cha magwero, kusamala chilengedwe, komanso zotsatirapo za thanzi la anthu.
Dongosolo lolamulira ndi lokhazikika laCMC yokwera chakudyaikukula kwambiri, ikukhudza unyolo wonse wopereka zinthu zopangira, kupanga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Makampani ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo ya dziko monga GB 1886.232 ndi GB 2760 panthawi ya kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kutumiza kunja, ndikuyang'anira zosintha kuchokera ku JECFA, EU, ndi FDA. Pokhapokha ngati tigwiritsa ntchito moyenera motsatira malamulo, ndi pomwe tingatsimikizire kuti ntchito ndi chitetezo cha CMC mu chakudya zikupatsidwa kufunika kofanana ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampani azakudya.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-27-2025