I-Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC)yifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kunye nesongezo esisebenzayo esisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokutya. Ibonisa iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zokutyeba, ukuzinzisa, ukuxuba, kunye nokugcina amanzi. Ukhuseleko lwayo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho wokutya kunye nempilo yabathengi. Ke ngoko, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela amisele imigaqo engqongqo kunye nemigangatho ye-CMC yokutya.
1. Isikhokelo soLawulo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe se-CMC yoBume boKutya
1.1. IKomiti yeeNgcali eziDibeneyo ze-FAO/WHO kwiZongezo zokutya (i-JECFA)
IKomiti yeeNgcali eziHlangeneyo zeZongezo zokutya (i-JECFA) ye-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-FAO) kunye ne-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) zibhalise i-CMC kuLuhlu lweZongezo zokutya eziKhuselekileyo kwasekuqaleni kowe-1963.
1.2. Inombolo ye-INS: 466
I-ADI (Ukutya Okwamkelekileyo Kwemihla Ngemihla): "Akucaciswanga" kubonisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu xa kusetyenziswe ngendlela efanelekileyo.
1.3. Udidi oluSebenzayo: I-Thickener, i-Emulsifier, i-Stabilizer
Iimfuneko zomgangatho we-JECFA kwi-CMC ekumgangatho wokutya ziquka ubunyulu, inqanaba lokutshintsha (DS 0.6-1.0), i-pH (6.0-8.5), kunye nemida yesinyithi esinzima (umz., i-lead ≤ 2 mg/kg).
1.4. ICodex Alimentarius
IKhomishini iCodex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) ichaza ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kunye namanqanaba okusetyenziswa aphezulu kweCMC kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya kwiGeneral Standard for Food Additives (GSFA). Umzekelo:
Iimveliso zobisi (umz., i-ayisikhrim, iimveliso zobisi ezibilisiweyo): Ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa obuphezulu yi-10,000 mg/kg;
Iziselo zeziqhamo, iisosi, kunye neemveliso zokubhaka: Ngokuqhelekileyo akufuneki zidlule kwi-5,000 mg/kg;
Ukusetyenziswa kwefomyula yosana akuvumelekanga ngokubanzi.
2. Inkqubo yoLawulo lweCMC yeSigaba sokutya saseTshayina
Umgangatho woKhuseleko lokutya weSizwe GB 1886.232-2016 “Isongezo sokutya – iSodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose”
Lo mgangatho usebenza njengesiseko solawulo lomgangatho we-CMC ekumgangatho wokutya kwilizwe lam. Iimfuno zobugcisa eziphambili ziquka:
2.1. Inkangeleko: Umgubo omhlophe okanye otyheli kancinci;
Isidanga sokutshintsha (DS): 0.6-0.95;
Ubumsulwa (isiseko esomileyo): ≥99.5%;
Ukuqina (isisombululo se-1%): ≥400 mPa·s (kuxhomekeke kuhlobo);
i-pH: 6.0-8.5;
Ukulahleka xa komiswa: ≤10%;
IiMetals Ezinzima (njengePb): ≤2 mg/kg;
I-Arsenic (As): ≤1 mg/kg.
2.2. Umgangatho wokusetyenziswa: GB 2760 “Umgangatho wokusetyenziswa kwezongezo zokutya”
I-CMC ihlelwa njenge-thickener kunye ne-stabilizer kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nemida yile ilandelayo:
I-ayisikhrim, ijeli, ipasta, iisosi: Sebenzisa ngobuninzi obufanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zemveliso;
Iziselo: Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu yi-0.5%;
Iimveliso zobisi: Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu yi-0.3%;
Ukutya kweentsana kunye nabantwana abancinci: Akuvumelekanga.
2.3. Iimfuneko zoLawulo noBhaliso
Abavelisi kufuneka babe neLayisensi yoMveliso woNcedo lokutya (inombolo ye-SC), kwaye iimveliso zabo kufuneka zibhaliswe kwi-State Administration for Market Regulation. Iimveliso ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yelizwe elingenisa iimveliso (umz., i-EU E466, i-US FCC, njl.njl.).
3. Isishwankathelo seMigangatho eYurophu, eMelika, nakwezinye iiNgingqi
3.1. Umgangatho we-EU (E466)
Ummiselo we-EU (EU) No. 231/2012 uchaza i-CMC njengesongezelelo sokutya esibizwa ngokuba yi-E466.
Ivumelekile ukusetyenziswa njenge-thickener kunye ne-stabilizer.
Iimfuneko zobungakanani bokutshintshwa, umxholo wesinyithi esinzima, kunye neempawu ze-microbiological ngokubanzi zihambelana nezo ze-JECFA.
Akuvumelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwifomyula yosana.
3.2. Imigaqo ye-FDA yase-US (21 CFR 182.1745)
I-CMC idweliswe njenge-GRAS (Ngokubanzi Eyaziwayo Njengekhuselekileyo) kwaye ingasetyenziswa ekutyeni.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusekelwe kwiGood Manufacturing Practice (GMP).
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-ayisikhrim, kwiidressing zesaladi, kwiijeli, kwiimpahla ezibhakiweyo, njl.
I-FDA ifuna imithombo ekhuselekileyo yezinto eziluhlaza kunye neenkqubo ezinokulandelelwa.
3.3. Imigangatho yaseJapan neyaseKorea
Imigangatho yala mazwe mabini ilandela "uMgangatho weZongezo zokutya" kunye "noMgangatho weZongezo zokutya," ngokulandelelana. I-CMC kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho yobumsulwa kunye nemida yeentsholongwane, kwaye ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kwayo bufana nobo be-EU.
4. Amanqaku aphambili kuVavanyo kunye noLawulo loMgangatho
Uvavanyo lwe-CMC yodidi lokutya lubandakanya ikakhulu iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali, izalathisi zococeko, kunye nezalathisi zokhuseleko:
Uvavanyo lomzimba nolweekhemikhali: ukuxinana, ubungakanani bokutshintshwa, i-pH, ukufuma, umxholo wothuthu;
Uvavanyo lokhuseleko: iintsimbi ezinzima, i-arsenic, i-lead, kunye nenani elipheleleyo leentsholongwane;
Uvavanyo olusebenzayo: ukunyibilika, iimpawu ze-rheological, uzinzo, njl. I-CMC yokutya ekumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka ibonise iimpawu ezifana nokucaca okuphezulu, ukungabikho kwevumba, ukunyibilika okulungileyo, kunye neprofayili ye-rheological ezinzileyo.
5. Iindlela zoLawulo kunye noPhuhliso lweShishini
Ngokukhula "kweleyibhile ecocekileyo" kunye neendlela zokutya okunempilo, i-CMC yodidi lokutya iya ilawulwa ngokungqongqo:
Inkqubo yokuvelisa mayingabi nazinyibilikisi eziyingozi (ezifana ne-isopropyl alcohol);
Ukutshintshela kwi "fibers ezivela kwindalo" kunye "neefayibha ezinokubola" kuyaqhubeka;
Iinkampani kufuneka zifumane iziqinisekiso ezininzi, kuquka i-ISO 22000, i-HACCP, i-HALAL, kunye ne-KOSHER.
Kwixesha elizayo, imimiselo nemigangatho ye-CMC iya kuhambelana ngakumbi nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, igxininisa ngakumbi kukhuseleko lwemithombo, ulwalamano olulungileyo nokusingqongileyo, kunye nempembelelo kwimpilo yabantu.
Inkqubo yolawulo nesemgangathweni yei-CMC yenqanaba lokutyaIyaqhubeka ibanzi ngakumbi, igubungela lonke uthotho lokubonelela ngezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, imveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa. Iinkampani kufuneka zilandele ngokungqongqo imigangatho yesizwe efana ne-GB 1886.232 kunye ne-GB 2760 ngexesha lophando nophuhliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye zijonge uhlaziyo oluvela kwi-JECFA, i-EU, kunye ne-FDA. Kuphela ngokuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo solawulo apho sinokuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi kunye nokhuseleko lwe-CMC ekutyeni kunikwa ukubaluleka okufanayo kwaye kukhuthaze uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokutya.
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-27-2025