Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC)ifayibha inonyungudika mumvura uye chinhu chinoshanda chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yechikafu. Inoratidza hunhu hwakanaka hwekukora, kugadzikana, emulsifying, uye kuchengetedza mvura. Kuchengetedzeka kwayo uye kudzora mhando zvine chekuita zvakananga nehunhu hwechikafu uye hutano hwevatengi. Naizvozvo, nyika pasi rese dzakaisa mitemo yakasimba uye zviyero zveCMC yemhando yechikafu.
1. Hurongwa hweMitemo Yepasi Pose hweCMC Yegiredhi Rekudya
1.1. Komiti yeFAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
Komiti yeJoint Expert on Food Additives (JECFA) yeFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations (FAO) neWorld Health Organization (WHO) yakanyora CMC pane Rondedzero yeSafe Food Additives kubvira muna 1963.
1.2. Nhamba yeIns: 466
ADI (Kudya Kunogamuchirwa Zuva Nezuva): "Hazvina kutaurwa" zvinoreva kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya mukati mekushandiswa kwakakodzera.
1.3. Chikamu Chinoshanda: Chinotisa, Chinosimudzira, Chinosimbisa
Zvinodiwa neJECFA zvemhando yepamusoro yeCMC yemhando yezvekudya zvinosanganisira kuchena, mwero wekutsiva (DS 0.6-1.0), pH (6.0-8.5), uye miganhu yesimbi inorema (semuenzaniso, lead ≤ 2 mg/kg).
1.4. Kodekisi Alimentarius
Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) inotsanangura huwandu hwekushandiswa kweCMC uye huwandu hwepamusoro hwekushandiswa kwayo muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvechikafu muGeneral Standard yayo yeFood Additives (GSFA). Semuenzaniso:
Zvigadzirwa zvemukaka (semuenzaniso, ice cream, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakaviriswa): Kushandiswa kwakanyanya 10,000 mg/kg;
Zvinwiwa zvemichero, masosi, uye zvigadzirwa zvebhekari: Kazhinji hazvifanirwe kudarika 5,000 mg/kg;
Kushandiswa kwemukaka wevana mumukaka wevana kazhinji hakubvumirwi.
2. Sisitimu yeChina yeCMC Regulatory System
Standard yeNational Food Safety Standard GB 1886.232-2016 “Chinowedzera Kudya – Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose”
Mutemo uyu unoshanda sehwaro hwekudzora mhando yeCMC yemhando yezvekudya munyika yangu. Zvinodiwa zvikuru zvehunyanzvi zvinosanganisira:
2.1. Chitarisiko: Upfu huchena kana kuti hweyero zvishoma;
Dhigirii rekutsiva (DS): 0.6-0.95;
Kuchena (hwaro hwakaoma): ≥99.5%;
Kusviba (1% mhinduro): ≥400 mPa·s (zvichienderana nerudzi);
pH: 6.0-8.5;
Kurasikirwa pakuomeswa: ≤10%;
Simbi Dzinorema (sePb): ≤2 mg/kg;
Arsenic (As): ≤1 mg/kg.
2.2. Mutemo weKushandiswa: GB 2760 “Mutemo weKushandiswa kweZviwedzerwa zveChikafu”
CMC inoiswa muchikamu chechinhu chinosimbisa uye chinosimbisa uye inogona kushandiswa muzvikafu zvakasiyana-siyana. Mashandisirwo akajairika uye miganhu ndeiyi inotevera:
Aizi kirimu, jeli, pasta, masosi: Shandisai muhuwandu hwakakodzera zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzira;
Zvinwiwa: Kushandiswa kwakanyanya 0.5%;
Zvigadzirwa zvemukaka: Kushandiswa kwakanyanya 0.3%;
Chikafu chevana vacheche nevana vadiki: Hachibvumidzwe.
2.3. Zvinodiwa zveMutemo neKunyoresa
Vagadziri vanofanirwa kunge vaine License yeKugadzira Chikafu (SC number), uye zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinofanirwa kunyoreswa neState Administration for Market Regulation. Zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinofanirwawo kutevedzera mitemo yenyika inotenga chikafu (semuenzaniso, EU E466, US FCC, nezvimwewo).
3. Pfupiso yeMitemo muEurope, America, nedzimwe nzvimbo
3.1. EU Standard (E466)
Mutemo weEU (EU) Nhamba 231/2012 unoratidza CMC sechinhu chinowedzera chikafu chakanyorwa kuti E466.
Inobvumirwa kushandiswa sechinosimbisa uye chinosimbisa.
Zvinodiwa kuti pave nedanho rekutsiva, huwandu hwesimbi inorema, uye zviratidzo zve microbiological zvinowanzoenderana neizvo zveJECFA.
Hazvibvumirwi kushandiswa mumukaka wevana.
3.2. Mitemo yeUS FDA (21 CFR 182.1745)
CMC yakanyorwa seGRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) uye inogona kushandiswa muchikafu.
Kushandiswa kwayo kwakavakirwa paGood Manufacturing Practice (GMP).
Inonyanya kushandiswa mu ice cream, salad dressings, jellies, baked goods, nezvimwewo.
FDA inoda manyuko akachengeteka ezvinhu zvakabikwa uye maitiro anoteverwa.
3.3. Mitemo yeJapan neKorea
Mitemo yenyika mbiri idzi inotevera "Food Additives Standard" uye "Food Additives Standard," zvichiteerana. CMC inofanira kusangana nemiyero yekuchena uye miganhu yehutachiona, uye mashandisirwo ayo akafanana neeEU.
4. Pfungwa huru mukuyedza uye kudzora mhando
Kuedzwa kweCMC yemhando yechikafu kunosanganisira hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari, zviratidzo zvekuchena, uye zviratidzo zvekuchengetedza:
Miedzo yemuviri neyemakemikari: viscosity, mwero wekutsiva, pH, hunyoro, huwandu hwedota;
Miedzo yekuchengetedzwa: simbi dzinorema, arsenic, lead, uye huwandu hwese hwehutachiona;
Miedzo yekushanda: kunyungudika, hunhu hwe rheological, kugadzikana, nezvimwewo. CMC yemhando yepamusoro yezvekudya inofanira kuratidza hunhu hwakadai sekujeka kwakanyanya, kusanhuwa, kunyungudika kwakanaka, uye chimiro chakasimba che rheological.
5. Maitiro Ekutonga uye Kuvandudzwa Kweindasitiri
Nekuwedzera kwe "clean label" uye mafambiro ekudya zvine hutano, CMC yemhando yepamusoro yezvekudya iri kuramba ichidzorwa zvakanyanya:
Maitiro ekugadzira anofanira kunge asina zvinonyungudutsa zvinokuvadza (zvakadai se isopropyl alcohol);
Kuchinja kuenda kune "mafibers anobva muzvisikwa" uye "mafibers anogona kuora" kuri kuitika;
Makambani anofanirwa kuwana zvitupa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira ISO 22000, HACCP, HALAL, uye KOSHER.
Mune ramangwana, mitemo nemirau yeCMC zvichaenderana nemirau yepasi rose, zvichinyanya kukoshesa kuchengetedzeka kwenzvimbo, hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza, uye kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu.
Sisitimu yekutonga uye yakajairika yeCMC yepamusoro pechikafuiri kuramba ichienderera mberi, ichifukidza zvese zvinotengeswa kubva pazvinhu zvakagadzirwa, kugadzirwa, uye kushandiswa. Makambani anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yenyika yakaita seGB 1886.232 neGB 2760 panguva yekuongorora nekuvandudza nekutumira kunze kwenyika, uye kutarisa zvazvino kubva kuJECFA, EU, neFDA. Nekushandisa izvi zvine mwero mukati mehurongwa hwemitemo chete ndipo patinogona kuona kuti kushanda nekuchengetedzeka kweCMC muchikafu zvinokosheswa zvakaenzana uye kukurudzira budiriro inoenderera mberi yeindasitiri yechikafu.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-27-2025