Pokonza zolakwika ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma glaze, kuwonjezera pa kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake zokongoletsera ndi zizindikiro za magwiridwe antchito, ayeneranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri pa ndondomekoyi. Timalemba ndikukambirana mavuto awiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma glaze.
1. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka glaze slurry sikwabwino
Popeza kupanga fakitale ya ceramic kumachitika mosalekeza, ngati pali vuto ndi magwiridwe antchito a glaze slurry, zolakwika zosiyanasiyana zidzawonekera mu ndondomeko ya glazing, zomwe zidzakhudza mwachindunji liwiro labwino la zinthu za wopanga. Chofunika komanso magwiridwe antchito oyambira. Tiyeni titenge zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa belu la glaze pa glaze slurry mwachitsanzo. Glaze slurry yabwino iyenera kukhala ndi: kusinthasintha kwabwino, kusakhala ndi thixotropy, kusakhala ndi mvula, kusakhala ndi thovu mu glaze slurry, kusunga chinyezi koyenera, komanso mphamvu inayake ikakhala youma, ndi zina zotero. Kuchita bwino kwa njira. Kenako tiyeni tiwone zinthu zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a glaze slurry.
1) Ubwino wa madzi
Kuuma ndi pH ya madzi zimakhudza momwe glaze imagwirira ntchito. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu ya madzi imakhala yachigawo. Madzi apampopi m'dera linalake nthawi zambiri amakhala okhazikika pambuyo pokonza, koma madzi apansi panthaka nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhazikika chifukwa cha zinthu monga mchere wosungunuka m'miyala ndi kuipitsidwa. Kukhazikika, kotero glaze slurry ya wopanga ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi, omwe adzakhala okhazikika.
2) Mchere wosungunuka mu zinthu zopangira
Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa ma ayoni achitsulo cha alkali ndi alkaline m'madzi kumakhudza pH ndi momwe zinthu zilili mu glaze slurry. Chifukwa chake, posankha zinthu zopangira mchere, timayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito flotation, washing water, ndi water milling. Zidzakhala zochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mchere wosungunuka muzinthu zopangira kumagwirizananso ndi kapangidwe ka mitsempha ya miyala ndi kuchuluka kwa nyengo. Migodi yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere wosungunuka kosiyana. Njira yosavuta ndikuwonjezera madzi muyeso winawake ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa madzi osungunuka mu glaze slurry titamaliza kupukuta mpira. , Timayesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira zochepa kapena zopanda mphamvu zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa madzi otuluka.
3) Sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulosendi sodium tripolyphosphate
Chogwirizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu glaze yathu yomanga ndi sodium carboxymethylcellulose, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa CMC, kutalika kwa unyolo wa molekyulu wa CMC kumakhudza mwachindunji kukhuthala kwake mu glaze slurry, ngati unyolo wa molekyulu ndi wautali kwambiri, kukhuthala kumakhala bwino, koma mu glaze slurry, Mabulubu ndi osavuta kuwoneka mu sing'anga ndipo zimakhala zovuta kutulutsa. Ngati unyolo wa molekyulu ndi waufupi kwambiri, kukhuthala kumakhala kochepa ndipo mphamvu yolumikizirana siingatheke, ndipo glaze slurry imakhala yosavuta kuwonongeka ikayikidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, cellulose yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale athu ndi cellulose yapakatikati komanso yotsika. . Ubwino wa sodium tripolyphosphate umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtengo. Pakadali pano, zinthu zambiri pamsika zasokonekera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a degumming atsike kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kusankha opanga wamba kuti mugule, apo ayi kutayika kumaposa phindu!
4) Zonyansa zakunja
Kawirikawiri, zinthu zina zoipitsa mafuta ndi mankhwala oyandama zimabweretsedwa nthawi yofukula ndi kukonza zinthu zopangira. Kuphatikiza apo, matope ambiri opangidwa pakali pano amagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zachilengedwe zokhala ndi maunyolo akuluakulu a mamolekyu. Kuipitsa mafuta kumayambitsa mwachindunji zolakwika za glaze pamwamba pa glaze. Zinthu zoyandama zimakhudza bwino acid-base ndikukhudza kusuntha kwa glaze. Zowonjezera matope opangidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi maunyolo akuluakulu a mamolekyu ndipo zimakhala ndi thovu.
5) Zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zili mu zinthu zopangira
Zinthu zopangira mchere zimalowetsedwa mu zinthu zachilengedwe chifukwa cha theka la moyo, kusiyana kwa zinthu ndi zinthu zina. Zina mwa zinthu zachilengedwezi zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi, ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala thovu la mpweya, lotsekeka ndi kutsekeka.
2. Chophimba chapansi sichikugwirizana bwino:
Kufananiza thupi ndi glaze kungakambirane kuchokera ku mbali zitatu: kufananiza kwa utsi woyaka, kufananiza kuumitsa ndi kuwombera, ndi kufananiza kwa coefficient yowonjezera. Tiyeni tiwunike chimodzi ndi chimodzi:
1) Kufananiza nthawi yopangira utsi
Pa nthawi yotenthetsera thupi ndi glaze, kusintha kwa thupi ndi mankhwala kumachitika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, monga: kuyamwa kwa madzi, kutulutsa madzi a kristalo, kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa mchere wosapangidwa, ndi zina zotero, zochita zinazake ndi kuwonongeka. Kutentha kwayesedwa ndi akatswiri akuluakulu, ndipo kwakopedwa motere kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito ① Kutentha kwa chipinda -100 madigiri Celsius, madzi odulidwa amasinthasintha;
② 200-118 digiri Celsius kusungunuka kwa madzi pakati pa zipinda ③ 350-650 digiri Celsius kutentha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, sulfate ndi sulfide kuwonongeka ④ 450-650 digiri Celsius kusakanikirana kwa kristalo, kuchotsa madzi a kristalo ⑤ 573 digiri Celsius kusintha kwa quartz, kusintha kwa voliyumu ⑥ 800-950 digiri Celsius calcite, kuwonongeka kwa dolomite, mpweya. Musaphatikizepo ⑦ 700 digiri Celsius kuti mupange magawo atsopano a silicate ndi silicate ovuta.
Kutentha kofanana ndi komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chizindikiro pakupanga kwenikweni, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zathu zopangira kukuchepa, ndipo, kuti tichepetse ndalama zopangira, nthawi yoyatsira uvuni ikuchepa. Chifukwa chake, pa matailosi a ceramic, kutentha kofanana ndi kuwonongeka kudzachedwanso chifukwa cha kuyaka mwachangu, ndipo ngakhale utsi wochuluka m'dera lotentha kwambiri ungayambitse zolakwika zosiyanasiyana. Kuti tiphike ma dumplings, kuti tiphike mwachangu, tiyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika pakhungu ndi kudzaza, kupanga khungu lochepa, kupanga kudzaza pang'ono kapena kupeza kudzaza kosavuta kuphika, ndi zina zotero. Zomwezo ndi zoona pa matailosi a ceramic. Kuyaka, kuchepetsa thupi, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa glaze ndi zina zotero. Ubale pakati pa thupi ndi glaze ndi wofanana ndi zodzoladzola za atsikana. Omwe adawona zodzoladzola za atsikana sayenera kukhala ovuta kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake pali ma glaze apansi ndi ma glaze apamwamba pa thupi. Cholinga chachikulu cha zodzoladzola si kubisa kuipa ndikukongoletsa! Koma ngati mwangozi mwatuluka thukuta pang'ono, nkhope yanu idzadetsedwa, ndipo mutha kukhala ndi ziwengo. Zomwezo ndi zoona pa matailosi a ceramic. Poyamba zinapsa bwino, koma mabowo a pinbowo anaonekera mwangozi, ndiye chifukwa chiyani zodzoladzola zimaganizira za kupuma bwino ndikusankha malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khungu? Zodzoladzola zosiyanasiyana, kwenikweni, ma glaze athu ndi ofanana, kwa matupi osiyanasiyana, tilinso ndi ma glaze osiyanasiyana kuti tigwirizane nawo, matailosi a ceramic omwe amawotchedwa kamodzi, ndatchula m'nkhani yapitayi: Zingakhale bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira zambiri ngati mpweya wachedwa ndikuyika zitsulo za alkaline earth za bivalent ndi carbonate. Ngati thupi lobiriwira latha kale, gwiritsani ntchito ma frits ambiri kapena yikani zitsulo za alkaline earth za divalent ndi zinthu zomwe sizitaya kuyaka kwambiri. Mfundo yotopetsa ndi iyi: kutentha kotopetsa kwa thupi lobiriwira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika kuposa kwa glaze, kotero kuti pamwamba pake pamakhala kokongola mpweya womwe uli pansi pake utatulutsidwa, koma zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza popanga zenizeni, ndipo malo ofewa a glaze ayenera kusunthidwa bwino kuti athandize kutulutsa utsi wa thupi.
2) Kuumitsa ndi kuwotcha kufananiza kufupika
Aliyense amavala zovala, ndipo ziyenera kukhala zomasuka pang'ono, kapena ngati pali kusasamala pang'ono, mipiringidzo idzatsegulidwa, ndipo glaze pa thupi ili ngati zovala zomwe timavala, ndipo iyenera kugwirizana bwino! Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa glaze kuyeneranso kufanana ndi thupi lobiriwira, ndipo sikuyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri kapena laling'ono kwambiri, apo ayi ming'alu idzawonekera pakuuma, ndipo njerwa yomalizidwa idzakhala ndi zolakwika. Zachidziwikire, kutengera zomwe zachitika komanso luso la ogwira ntchito pa glaze pano. Akuti iyi si vuto lovuta panonso, ndipo okonza zolakwika onse ndi aluso kwambiri pakugwira dongo, kotero mkhalidwe womwe uli pamwambapa sumawonekera kawirikawiri, pokhapokha ngati mavuto omwe ali pamwambapa akuchitika m'mafakitale ena omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri yopanga.
3) Kufananiza kwa coefficient yowonjezera
Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa thupi lobiriwira kumakhala kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa kwa glaze, ndipo glaze imayikidwa pansi pa mphamvu yokakamiza ikawomberedwa pa thupi lobiriwira, kotero kuti kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa glaze kumakhala bwino ndipo sikophweka kusweka. Iyi ndi mfundo yomwe tiyenera kuphunzira tikamaphunzira za silicates. Masiku angapo apitawo mnzanga anandifunsa kuti: chifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa glaze kuli kwakukulu kuposa kwa thupi, kotero mawonekedwe a njerwa adzapotoka, koma kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa glaze ndi kochepa kuposa kwa thupi, kotero mawonekedwe a njerwa ndi opindika? Ndikoyenera kunena kuti pambuyo potenthedwa ndi kukulitsidwa, glaze ndi yayikulu kuposa maziko ndipo imapindika, ndipo glaze ndi yaying'ono kuposa maziko ndipo imapindika…
Sindikufulumira kupereka yankho, tiyeni tiwone kuti coefficient of thermal expansion ndi chiyani. Choyamba, iyenera kukhala mtengo. Kodi mtengo wake ndi wotani? Ndi mtengo wa voliyumu ya chinthu chomwe chimasintha ndi kutentha. Chabwino, popeza chimasintha ndi "kutentha", chimasintha kutentha kukakwera ndikutsika. Coefficient of thermal expansion yomwe nthawi zambiri timaitcha kuti ceramics ndi coefficient of volume expansion. Coefficient of volume expansion nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi coefficient of linear expansion, yomwe ndi pafupifupi katatu kuposa linear expansion. Coefficient of expansion yoyesedwa nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mfundo, kutanthauza, "mu kutentha kwina". Mwachitsanzo, ndi mtundu wanji wa curve womwe ndi mtengo wa madigiri Celsius 20-400 nthawi zonse? Ngati mukuumirira kuyerekeza mtengo wa madigiri 400 mpaka madigiri 600 Inde, palibe lingaliro lenileni lomwe lingapezeke kuchokera ku kufananiza.
Titamvetsetsa lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, tiyeni tibwerere ku mutu woyambirira. Matailosi akatenthedwa mu uvuni, amakhala ndi magawo onse awiri okulirakulira komanso okulirakulira. Tisaganizire za kusintha kwa kutentha kwakukulu chifukwa cha kukula ndi kukulirakulira kwa kutentha kale. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa, kutentha kwambiri, thupi lobiriwira ndi glaze zonse ndi pulasitiki. Kunena mosapita m'mbali, zimakhala zofewa, ndipo mphamvu yokoka imakhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu zawo. Mwanjira yabwino, thupi lobiriwira limakhala lolunjika komanso lolunjika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu sikukhudza kwenikweni. Matailosi a ceramic akadutsa mu gawo la kutentha kwambiri, amazizira mofulumira komanso kuzizira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo matailosi a ceramic amakhala olimba kuchokera ku thupi la pulasitiki. Pamene kutentha kukuchepa, voliyumu imachepa. Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuchepa kumakulirakulira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, komwe kumacheperachepera. Pamene kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya thupi kuli kwakukulu kuposa kwa glaze, thupi limachepa kuposa glaze panthawi yozizira, ndipo njerwa imapindika; ngati kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu ya thupi kuli kochepa kuposa kwa glaze, thupi limachepa popanda glaze panthawi yozizira. Ngati njerwa zili zambiri, njerwazo zidzagwedezeka, kotero sizovuta kufotokoza mafunso omwe ali pamwambapa!
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-25-2024