Thaum lub sijhawm kho thiab siv cov glazes, ntxiv rau kev ua kom tau raws li cov teebmeem kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, lawv kuj yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai yooj yim tshaj plaws. Peb teev thiab tham txog ob qhov teeb meem feem ntau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov glazes.
1. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov glaze slurry tsis zoo
Vim tias kev tsim khoom ntawm lub Hoobkas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic yog tas mus li, yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov glaze slurry, ntau yam tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm glazing, uas yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Cia peb coj cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub thawv glaze ntawm cov glaze slurry ua piv txwv. Ib qho glaze slurry zoo yuav tsum muaj: zoo fluidity, tsis muaj thixotropy, tsis muaj nag, tsis muaj npuas hauv cov glaze slurry, tsim nyog noo noo khaws cia, thiab qee lub zog thaum qhuav, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem kev ua tau zoo. Tom qab ntawd cia peb tshuaj xyuas cov yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov glaze slurry.
1) Qhov zoo ntawm dej
Qhov tawv thiab pH ntawm dej yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov glaze slurry. Feem ntau, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov zoo ntawm dej yog thaj chaw. Cov dej kais hauv ib cheeb tsam feem ntau ruaj khov tom qab kho, tab sis cov dej hauv av feem ntau tsis ruaj khov vim muaj cov yam xws li cov ntsev soluble hauv cov pob zeb thiab kev ua qias tuaj. Kev ruaj khov, yog li cov chaw tsim khoom lub pob zeb glaze slurry zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov dej kais, uas yuav ruaj khov.
2) Cov ntsev uas yaj tau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw
Feem ntau, qhov nag ntawm alkali hlau thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau ions hauv dej yuav cuam tshuam rau pH thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv glaze slurry. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov khoom siv raw, peb sim siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tau ua tiav los ntawm kev ntab, ntxuav dej, thiab milling dej. Nws yuav tsawg dua, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsev soluble hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kev tsim ntawm cov leeg ore thiab qib ntawm weathering. Cov mines sib txawv muaj cov ntsev soluble sib txawv. Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim yog ntxiv dej hauv qee qhov sib piv thiab sim qhov ntws ntawm glaze slurry tom qab pob milling. , Peb sim siv tsawg dua lossis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raw nrog qhov ntws tsis zoo.
3) Sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulosethiab sodium tripolyphosphate
Tus neeg sawv cev suspending siv hauv peb lub architectural ceramic glaze yog sodium carboxymethylcellulose, feem ntau hu ua CMC, qhov ntev ntawm molecular saw ntawm CMC ncaj qha cuam tshuam nws cov viscosity hauv glaze slurry, yog tias cov saw molecular ntev dhau, qhov viscosity zoo, tab sis hauv glaze slurry Npuas yooj yim tshwm sim hauv nruab nrab thiab nws nyuaj rau tso tawm. Yog tias cov saw molecular luv dhau, qhov viscosity txwv thiab cov nyhuv bonding tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab cov glaze slurry yooj yim puas tsuaj tom qab muab tso rau ib lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cellulose siv hauv peb lub Hoobkas yog nruab nrab thiab qis viscosity cellulose. . Qhov zoo ntawm sodium tripolyphosphate yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi. Tam sim no, ntau yam khoom ntawm kev ua lag luam raug adulterated tiag tiag, ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv kev ua haujlwm degumming. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv cov chaw tsim khoom ib txwm yuav, txwv tsis pub qhov poob ntau dua qhov nce!
4) Cov khoom tsis huv txawv teb chaws
Feem ntau, qee cov roj av qias neeg thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg flotation raug coj los rau hauv thaum lub sijhawm khawb av thiab ua cov khoom siv raw. Ntxiv mus, ntau cov av nplaum cuav tam sim no siv qee cov organic additives nrog cov saw hlau molecular loj. Cov roj av qias neeg ncaj qha ua rau cov qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov glaze ntawm qhov chaw glaze. Cov neeg sawv cev flotation yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kua qaub-base thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov fluidity ntawm cov glaze slurry. Cov khoom siv av nplaum cuav feem ntau muaj cov saw hlau molecular loj thiab yooj yim rau npuas.
5) Cov khoom siv organic hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw
Cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov zaub mov tsis zam tsis tau coj mus rau hauv cov organic matter vim yog lub sijhawm ib nrab, kev sib txawv thiab lwm yam. Qee cov organic matter no nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej, thiab qee zaum yuav muaj cov pa npuas, sieving thiab thaiv.
2. Cov xim pleev hauv qab tsis sib xws:
Qhov sib phim ntawm lub cev thiab cov xim ci tuaj yeem tham txog los ntawm peb yam: kev sib phim ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov pa tawm hluav taws, kev ziab thiab kev sib phim ntawm qhov ntsws, thiab kev sib phim ntawm cov coefficient nthuav dav. Cia peb tshuaj xyuas lawv ib qho los ntawm ib qho:
1) Kev sib phim ntawm lub sijhawm tua hluav taws
Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov ntawm lub cev thiab cov glaze, yuav muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias, xws li: kev nqus dej, kev tso dej siv lead ua, kev rhuav tshem cov organic thiab kev rhuav tshem cov inorganic minerals, thiab lwm yam, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab kev rhuav tshem. Cov kws tshawb fawb laus tau sim qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nws tau theej raws li hauv qab no rau kev siv. ① Chav sov -100 degrees Celsius, dej nqus dej volatilizes;
② 200-118 degrees Celsius dej evaporation ntawm cov compartments ③ 350-650 degrees Celsius hlawv cov organic matter, sulfate thiab sulfide decomposition ④ 450-650 degrees Celsius crystal recombination, crystal water removal ⑤ 573 degrees Celsius quartz conversion, volume change ⑥ 800-950 degrees Celsius calcite, dolomite decomposition, gas Tshem tawm ⑦ 700 degrees Celsius los tsim cov silicate tshiab thiab cov silicate complex.
Qhov kub ntawm kev lwj uas sib xws saum toj no tsuas yog siv tau ua qhov siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag xwb, vim tias qib ntawm peb cov khoom siv raw tau qis dua thiab qis dua, thiab, txhawm rau kom txo cov nqi tsim khoom, lub voj voog hlawv ntawm lub qhov cub tau luv dua thiab luv dua. Yog li ntawd, rau cov vuas ceramic, qhov kub ntawm kev lwj uas sib xws kuj yuav raug ncua sijhawm teb rau kev hlawv sai, thiab txawm tias cov pa tawm hauv thaj chaw kub siab yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam tsis zoo. Txhawm rau ua noj cov dumplings, txhawm rau ua kom lawv siav sai, peb yuav tsum ua haujlwm hnyav rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov khoom ntim, ua kom daim tawv nqaij nyias dua, ua kom cov khoom ntim tsawg dua lossis tau txais qee cov khoom ntim uas yooj yim ua noj, thiab lwm yam. Tib yam yog qhov tseeb rau cov vuas ceramic. Kev hlawv, lub cev nyias dua, qhov dav ntawm kev hlawv glaze thiab lwm yam. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub cev thiab glaze yog tib yam li cov ntxhais pleev xim. Cov neeg uas tau pom cov ntxhais pleev xim yuav tsum tsis txhob nyuaj rau nkag siab tias vim li cas muaj cov glazes hauv qab thiab cov glazes sab saud ntawm lub cev. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev pleev xim tsis yog zais qhov tsis zoo thiab ua kom nws zoo nkauj! Tab sis yog tias koj hws me ntsis, koj lub ntsej muag yuav muaj xim av, thiab koj yuav ua xua. Tib yam yog qhov tseeb rau cov vuas ceramic. Lawv tau raug hlawv zoo, tab sis cov qhov me me tau tshwm sim tsis raug, yog li vim li cas cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiaj li them sai sai rau kev ua pa thiab xaiv raws li cov tawv nqaij sib txawv? Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce sib txawv, qhov tseeb, peb cov glazes zoo ib yam, rau cov cev sib txawv, peb kuj muaj cov glazes sib txawv los hloov kho rau lawv, cov vuas ceramic raug hlawv ib zaug, kuv tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los: Nws yuav zoo dua los siv cov khoom siv raw ntau dua yog tias huab cua lig thiab qhia cov hlau bivalent alkaline earth nrog carbonate. Yog tias lub cev ntsuab raug tshem tawm ua ntej, siv ntau cov frits lossis qhia cov hlau divalent alkaline earth nrog cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev poob hluav taws tsawg dua. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshem tawm yog: qhov kub ntawm lub cev ntsuab feem ntau qis dua li ntawm cov glaze, yog li ntawd qhov chaw glazed yog qhov zoo nkauj tom qab cov roj hauv qab no raug tso tawm, tab sis nws nyuaj rau ua tiav hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, thiab qhov taw tes mos ntawm cov glaze yuav tsum tau tsiv rov qab kom raug kom pab txhawb lub cev tso pa tawm.
2) Kev ziab thiab tua hluav taws sib phim shrinkage
Txhua tus neeg hnav khaub ncaws, thiab lawv yuav tsum xis nyob, lossis yog tias muaj kev tsis saib xyuas me ntsis, cov seams yuav qhib, thiab cov glaze ntawm lub cev zoo li cov khaub ncaws peb hnav, thiab nws yuav tsum haum zoo! Yog li ntawd, qhov ziab ntawm cov glaze kuj yuav tsum phim lub cev ntsuab, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau lossis me dhau, txwv tsis pub cov kab nrib pleb yuav tshwm sim thaum ziab, thiab cov cib tiav lawm yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo. Tau kawg, raws li kev paub dhau los thiab qib kev txawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm glaze tam sim no Nws tau hais tias qhov no tsis yog teeb meem nyuaj lawm, thiab cov debuggers dav dav kuj zoo heev ntawm kev tuav cov av nplaum, yog li qhov xwm txheej saum toj no tsis tshwm sim ntau zaus, tshwj tsis yog tias cov teeb meem saum toj no tshwm sim hauv qee lub Hoobkas nrog cov xwm txheej tsim khoom hnyav heev.
3) Kev sib phim ntawm cov coefficient nthuav dav
Feem ntau, qhov coefficient nthuav dav ntawm lub cev ntsuab yog me ntsis loj dua li ntawm cov glaze, thiab cov glaze raug kev ntxhov siab tom qab hlawv rau ntawm lub cev ntsuab, yog li ntawd qhov thermal stability ntawm cov glaze zoo dua thiab nws tsis yooj yim tawg. Qhov no kuj yog lub tswv yim uas peb yuav tsum kawm thaum peb kawm silicates. Ob peb hnub dhau los ib tug phooj ywg nug kuv: vim li cas qhov coefficient nthuav dav ntawm cov glaze loj dua li ntawm lub cev, yog li lub cib duab yuav raug warped, tab sis qhov coefficient nthuav dav ntawm cov glaze me dua li ntawm lub cev, yog li lub cib duab yog nkhaus? Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias tom qab raug cua sov thiab nthuav dav, cov glaze loj dua li lub hauv paus thiab yog nkhaus, thiab cov glaze me dua li lub hauv paus thiab yog warped ...
Kuv tsis maj nrawm los teb, cia peb saib seb tus coefficient ntawm thermal expansion yog dab tsi. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum yog tus nqi. Nws yog hom nqi dab tsi? Nws yog tus nqi ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom uas hloov pauv nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Zoo, txij li nws hloov pauv nrog "kub", nws yuav hloov pauv thaum qhov kub nce thiab poob. Tus coefficient thermal expansion peb feem ntau hu ua ceramics yog qhov tseeb qhov ntim nthuav dav coefficient. Tus coefficient ntawm qhov ntim nthuav dav feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tus coefficient ntawm linear expansion, uas yog kwv yees li 3 npaug ntawm qhov linear expansion. Tus coefficient nthuav dav ntsuas feem ntau muaj lub hauv paus, uas yog, "hauv qee qhov kub thiab txias". Piv txwv li, hom nkhaus twg yog tus nqi ntawm 20-400 degrees Celsius feem ntau? Yog tias koj hais kom sib piv tus nqi ntawm 400 degrees txog 600 degrees Tau kawg, tsis muaj qhov xaus lus tuaj yeem kos los ntawm kev sib piv.
Tom qab nkag siab txog lub tswv yim ntawm cov coefficient nthuav dav, cia peb rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus qub. Tom qab cov vuas raug cua sov hauv lub qhov cub, lawv muaj ob qho tib si nthuav dav thiab ntuag. Cia peb tsis txhob xav txog qhov kev hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw kub siab vim yog thermal nthuav dav thiab ntuag ua ntej. Vim li cas? Vim tias, ntawm qhov kub siab, ob lub cev ntsuab thiab cov glaze yog yas. Hais meej meej, lawv mos, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus loj dua lawv tus kheej qhov nruj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lub cev ntsuab yog ncaj thiab ncaj, thiab cov coefficient nthuav dav muaj qhov cuam tshuam me ntsis. Tom qab cov vuas ceramic hla dhau qhov kub siab, nws dhau los ua kom txias sai thiab txias qeeb, thiab cov vuas ceramic ua tawv los ntawm lub cev yas. Raws li qhov kub txo qis, qhov ntim shrinks. Tau kawg, qhov loj dua qhov coefficient nthuav dav, qhov loj dua qhov shrinkage, thiab qhov me dua qhov coefficient nthuav dav, qhov me dua qhov shrinkage sib xws. Thaum qhov coefficient nthuav dav ntawm lub cev loj dua li ntawm cov glaze, lub cev shrinks ntau dua li cov glaze thaum lub sijhawm txias, thiab lub cib yog nkhaus; yog tias qhov coefficient nthuav dav ntawm lub cev me dua li ntawm cov glaze, lub cev shrinks yam tsis muaj cov glaze thaum lub sijhawm txias. Yog tias muaj cib ntau dhau, cov cib yuav tig rov qab, yog li nws tsis nyuaj rau piav qhia cov lus nug saum toj no!
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-25-2024