A cikin tsarin gyara da amfani da glazes, ban da cika takamaiman tasirin ado da alamun aiki, dole ne su cika mafi mahimmancin buƙatun tsari. Mun lissafa kuma mun tattauna matsaloli biyu mafi yawan gaske a cikin tsarin amfani da glazes.
1. Aikin slurry mai sheƙi ba shi da kyau
Domin kuwa samar da masana'antar yumbu yana ci gaba, idan akwai matsala game da aikin slurry na glaze, kurakurai daban-daban za su bayyana a cikin tsarin glaze, wanda zai shafi kai tsaye ƙimar samfuran masana'anta. Mahimmanci kuma mafi sauƙin aiki. Bari mu ɗauki buƙatun aiki na gilashin kararrawa akan slurry na glaze a matsayin misali. Ya kamata slurry mai kyau ya kasance yana da: ruwa mai kyau, babu thixotropy, babu ruwan sama, babu kumfa a cikin slurry na glaze, riƙe danshi mai dacewa, da wani ƙarfi lokacin bushewa, da sauransu. Aikin tsari. Sannan bari mu bincika abubuwan da ke shafar aikin slurry na glaze.
1) Ingancin ruwa
Taurin ruwa da pH ɗinsa za su shafi aikin slurry mai launin glaze. Gabaɗaya, tasirin ingancin ruwa yana da alaƙa da yanki. Ruwan famfo a wani yanki gabaɗaya yana da kwanciyar hankali bayan an yi masa magani, amma ruwan ƙasa gabaɗaya ba shi da kwanciyar hankali saboda abubuwa kamar gishiri mai narkewa a cikin layukan duwatsu da gurɓatawa. Kwanciyar hankali, don haka slurry mai launin ball niƙa na masana'anta ya fi kyau a yi amfani da ruwan famfo, wanda zai kasance mai kwanciyar hankali.
2) Gishirin da ke narkewa a cikin kayan da aka sarrafa
Gabaɗaya, ruwan sama na ƙarfen alkali da ions na ƙarfen ƙasa na alkaline a cikin ruwa zai shafi pH da daidaiton da ake da shi a cikin ruwan glaze. Saboda haka, a cikin zaɓin kayan ma'adinai, muna ƙoƙarin amfani da kayan da aka sarrafa ta hanyar flotation, wanke ruwa, da niƙa ruwa. Zai zama ƙasa, kuma abun da ke cikin gishirin mai narkewa a cikin kayan yana da alaƙa da samuwar jijiyoyin ma'adinai gaba ɗaya da matakin yanayi. Ma'adanai daban-daban suna da nau'ikan gishirin mai narkewa daban-daban. Hanya mai sauƙi ita ce a ƙara ruwa a wani rabo kuma a gwada ƙimar kwararar ruwan glaze bayan niƙa ƙwallo. Muna ƙoƙarin amfani da ƙarancin ko babu kayan danye tare da ƙarancin ƙimar kwarara.
3) Sodiumcellulose carboxymethylda kuma sodium tripolyphosphate
Maganin dakatarwa da ake amfani da shi a cikin gilashin yumbu na gine-ginenmu shine sodium carboxymethylcellulose, wanda aka fi sani da CMC, tsawon sarkar kwayoyin halitta na CMC yana shafar dankonsa kai tsaye a cikin slurry na glaze, idan sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta yi tsayi sosai, danko yana da kyau, amma a cikin slurry na glaze, kumfa yana da sauƙin bayyana a cikin matsakaici kuma yana da wuya a fitar. Idan sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta yi gajeru, danko yana da iyaka kuma ba za a iya cimma tasirin haɗin gwiwa ba, kuma slurry na glaze yana da sauƙin lalacewa bayan an sanya shi na ɗan lokaci. Saboda haka, yawancin cellulose da ake amfani da su a masana'antunmu suna da matsakaici da ƙarancin danko cellulose. Ingancin sodium tripolyphosphate yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da farashin. A halin yanzu, kayayyaki da yawa a kasuwa suna da matuƙar gurɓata, wanda ke haifar da raguwar aikin degumming. Saboda haka, gabaɗaya ya zama dole a zaɓi masana'antun yau da kullun don siya, in ba haka ba asarar ta fi riba!
4) Ƙazanta na ƙasashen waje
Gabaɗaya, wasu gurɓataccen mai da sinadarai masu flotation ana samun su ba makawa yayin haƙar ma'adinai da sarrafa kayan masarufi. Bugu da ƙari, laka ta wucin gadi da yawa a halin yanzu suna amfani da wasu ƙarin sinadarai na halitta tare da manyan sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta. Gurɓataccen mai kai tsaye yana haifar da lahani na glaze mai lanƙwasa a saman glaze. Masu flotation za su shafi daidaiton tushen acid kuma su shafi ruwan glaze ɗin. Ƙarin laka ta wucin gadi gabaɗaya suna da manyan sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin halitta kuma suna iya kamuwa da kumfa.
5) Abubuwan halitta a cikin albarkatun ƙasa
Babu makawa ana shigar da albarkatun ma'adinai cikin kwayoyin halitta saboda rabin rai, bambance-bambance da sauran abubuwa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta suna da wahalar narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma wani lokacin za a sami kumfa na iska, cirewa da toshewa.
2. Gilashin tushe bai dace ba:
Za a iya tattauna daidaita jiki da gilashi daga fannoni uku: daidaita kewayon fitar da hayaki, daidaita bushewa da rage girman wuta, da kuma daidaita yawan faɗaɗawa. Bari mu yi nazarin su ɗaya bayan ɗaya:
1) Daidaita tazara tsakanin fitar da hayaki
A lokacin dumama jiki da glaze, jerin canje-canje na zahiri da na sinadarai za su faru tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki, kamar: shaƙar ruwa, fitar da ruwan lu'ulu'u, rugujewar kwayoyin halitta da rugujewar ma'adanai marasa tsari, da sauransu, takamaiman halayen da rugujewar. Manyan malamai sun gwada zafin jiki, kuma ana kwafi shi kamar haka don tunani ① Zafin ɗaki -100 digiri Celsius, ruwan da aka sha yana canzawa;
② Tashin ruwa mai digiri 200-118 Celsius tsakanin sassa ③ 350-650 digiri Celsius ƙone abubuwa masu rai, rugujewar sulfate da sulfide ④ Haɗakar lu'ulu'u mai digiri 450-650 digiri Celsius, cire ruwan lu'ulu'u ⑤ 573 digiri Celsius canjin quartz, canjin girma ⑥ 800-950 digiri Celsius calcite, rugujewar dolomite, iskar gas Banda ⑦ 700 digiri Celsius don samar da sabbin matakai na silicate da hadaddun silicate.
Zafin ruɓewa da aka ambata a sama za a iya amfani da shi ne kawai a matsayin abin da ake amfani da shi a zahiri, saboda ƙimar kayan aikinmu yana raguwa da raguwa, kuma, don rage farashin samarwa, zagayowar ƙona murhu yana raguwa da raguwa. Saboda haka, ga tayal ɗin yumbu, zafin amsawar ruɓewa da ya dace zai jinkirta sakamakon ƙonewa da sauri, har ma da hayaki mai yawa a yankin zafi mai yawa zai haifar da lahani daban-daban. Don dafa dumplings, don sa su dafa da sauri, dole ne mu yi aiki tuƙuru a kan fata da cikawa, mu sa fata ta yi siriri, mu rage cikawa ko mu sami ɗan cikawa mai sauƙin dafawa, da sauransu. Haka yake ga tayal ɗin yumbu. Konewa, rage jiki, faɗaɗa kewayon harba glaze da sauransu. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin jiki da glaze iri ɗaya ce da kayan shafa 'yan mata. Waɗanda suka ga kayan shafa 'yan mata bai kamata su yi wahalar fahimtar dalilin da yasa akwai glazes na ƙasa da glazes na sama a jiki ba. Babban manufar kayan shafa ba shine ɓoye mummuna da kuma ƙawata shi ba! Amma idan ka yi gumi da gangan, fuskarka za ta yi tabo, kuma za ka iya samun rashin lafiyan. Haka yake ga tayal ɗin yumbu. Da farko an ƙone su da kyau, amma ramukan ramuka sun bayyana ba zato ba tsammani, don me kayan kwalliya ke kula da iskar shaƙa kuma suna zaɓar bisa ga nau'ikan fata daban-daban? Kayan kwalliya daban-daban, a zahiri, gilashinmu iri ɗaya ne, ga jiki daban-daban, muna da gilashi daban-daban don daidaitawa da su, tayal ɗin yumbu sau ɗaya, na ambata a cikin labarin da ya gabata: Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da ƙarin kayan da aka yi amfani da su idan iska ta makara kuma a gabatar da ƙarfe na ƙasa mai alkaline mai bivalent tare da carbonate. Idan jikin kore ya ƙare da wuri, yi amfani da ƙarin frits ko a gabatar da ƙarfe na ƙasa mai alkaline mai divalent tare da kayan da ba su da ƙarancin asarar ƙonewa. Ka'idar gajiya ita ce: zafin jiki mai gajiya na jikin kore gabaɗaya ya fi na gilashi ƙasa, don haka saman gilashi ba shakka yana da kyau bayan an fitar da iskar gas da ke ƙasa, amma yana da wuya a cimma shi a ainihin samarwa, kuma dole ne a mayar da wurin laushi na gilashi yadda ya kamata don sauƙaƙe fitar da hayaki.
2) Busarwa da kuma rage girman ƙuraje
Kowa yana sanya tufafi, kuma dole ne su kasance masu daɗi, ko kuma idan akwai ɗan sakaci, za a buɗe ɗinkin, kuma gilashin da ke jikin yana kama da tufafin da muke sawa, kuma dole ne ya dace da kyau! Saboda haka, raguwar bushewar gilashin ya kamata ya dace da jikin kore, kuma kada ya yi girma ko ƙarami, in ba haka ba tsagewa za su bayyana yayin bushewa, kuma tubalin da aka gama zai sami lahani. Tabbas, bisa ga ƙwarewa da matakin fasaha na ma'aikatan gilashin na yanzu Ana cewa wannan ba matsala ce mai wahala ba kuma, kuma masu gyara gabaɗaya suma suna da kyau wajen kama yumbu, don haka yanayin da ke sama ba ya bayyana akai-akai, sai dai idan matsalolin da ke sama sun faru a wasu masana'antu tare da yanayin samarwa mai tsauri.
3) Daidaita ma'aunin faɗaɗawa
Gabaɗaya, ma'aunin faɗaɗawa na jikin kore ya ɗan fi na glaze girma, kuma glaze yana fuskantar matsin lamba bayan ya kunna jikin kore, don haka kwanciyar hankali na glaze ya fi kyau kuma ba shi da sauƙin fashewa. Wannan kuma shine ka'idar da dole ne mu koya lokacin da muke nazarin silicates. Kwanaki kaɗan da suka gabata wani aboki ya tambaye ni: me yasa ma'aunin faɗaɗawa na glaze ya fi na jiki girma, don haka siffar bulo za ta karkace, amma ma'aunin faɗaɗawa na glaze ya fi na jiki girma, don haka siffar bulo tana lanƙwasa? Yana da kyau a ce bayan an dumama ta an faɗaɗa ta, glaze ya fi na tushe girma kuma yana lanƙwasa, kuma glaze ya fi na tushe girma kuma yana lanƙwasa…
Ba na gaggawar bayar da amsa ba, bari mu dubi menene ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi. Da farko, dole ne ya zama ƙima. Wane irin ƙima ne? Ƙimar ƙarar abu ce ke canzawa tare da zafin jiki. To, tunda yana canzawa da "zafin jiki", zai canza lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi ya faɗi. Ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi da muke kira yumbu a zahiri ma'aunin faɗaɗa girma ne. Ma'aunin faɗaɗa girma gabaɗaya yana da alaƙa da ma'aunin faɗaɗa layi, wanda ya ninka kusan sau 3 na faɗaɗa layi. Ma'aunin faɗaɗa da aka auna gabaɗaya yana da ma'ana, wato, "a cikin wani takamaiman kewayon zafin jiki". Misali, wane irin lanƙwasa ne ƙimar digiri 20-400 Celsius gabaɗaya? Idan kun dage kan kwatanta ƙimar digiri 400 zuwa digiri 600 Tabbas, ba za a iya yanke hukunci mai ma'ana daga kwatancen ba.
Bayan fahimtar manufar faɗaɗawa, bari mu koma ga asalin batun. Bayan an dumama tayal ɗin a cikin murhu, suna da matakan faɗaɗawa da ƙanƙantawa. Kada mu yi la'akari da canje-canje a yankin zafin jiki mai yawa saboda faɗaɗawa da ƙanƙantawa a baya. Me yasa? Domin, a babban zafin jiki, jikin kore da glaze ɗin filastik ne. A takaice dai, suna da laushi, kuma tasirin nauyi ya fi ƙarfinsu. Mafi kyau, jikin kore yana madaidaiciya kuma madaidaiciya, kuma ƙimar faɗaɗawa ba ta da tasiri sosai. Bayan tayal ɗin yumbu ya ratsa sashin zafin jiki mai yawa, yana yin sanyi da sauri da sanyi a hankali, kuma tayal ɗin yumbu ya zama mai tauri daga jikin filastik. Yayin da zafin jiki ke raguwa, ƙarar tana raguwa. Tabbas, girman ƙimar faɗaɗawa, girman ƙanƙantawa, ƙaramin ƙanƙantawa, ƙaramin ƙanƙantawa mai dacewa. Lokacin da ƙimar faɗaɗawa ta jiki ta fi ta gilashi, jiki yana raguwa fiye da ƙanƙantawa yayin aikin sanyaya, kuma tubalin yana lanƙwasa; Idan yawan faɗaɗa jiki ya fi na gilashi ƙanƙanta, jiki zai yi rauni ba tare da gilashi ba yayin sanyaya. Idan tubalan sun yi yawa, tubalan za su yi ta juyawa, don haka ba shi da wahala a bayyana tambayoyin da ke sama!
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-25-2024