Udaka oluxutshwe okomile luyinhlanganisela yezinto ezifaka ulwelo (usimende, umlotha ompunga, impuphu ye-slag, njll.), ama-aggregate amahle ahlelwe ngokwezinga elikhethekile (isihlabathi se-quartz, i-corundum, njll., futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ama-aggregate alula, njenge-ceramsite, i-polystyrene enwetshiwe, njll.) Ama-granules, i-perlite enwetshiwe, i-vermiculite enwetshiwe, njll.) kanye nama-admixtures axutshwa ngokulinganayo ngokwesilinganiso esithile, bese epakishwa ezikhwameni, emiphongolweni noma anikezwe ngobuningi esimweni sempuphu eyomile.
Ngokusho kwesicelo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimbobo zezentengiselwano, njengodaka oluyimpuphu owomile wokwakha, udaka oluyimpuphu owomile wokufaka iplasta, udaka oluyimpuphu owomile wokufaka iplasta, udaka oluyimpuphu owomile wokufaka iplasta, udaka oluyimpuphu owomile okhethekile wokufaka amanzi, ukulondolozwa kokushisa nezinye izinjongo. Ngamafuphi, udaka oluxubene nowomile lungahlukaniswa lube udaka olujwayelekile oluxubene nowomile (ukwakha, ukuplasta kanye nodaka oluxubene nowomile) kanye nodaka oluxubene nowomile olukhethekile. Udaka oluxubene nowomile olukhethekile luhlanganisa: udaka oluzilinganisayo phansi, izinto zaphansi ezingagugi, iphansi elingagugi, i-ejenti yokukhonkotha engaphili, udaka olungangeni manzi, udaka oluyimpuphu wokufaka iplasta, izinto zokuvikela ubuso bekhonkrithi, udaka olunemibala, njll.
Izingxobo eziningi ezixutshwe ngomquba zidinga ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza ukuze zakhiwe ngenani elikhulu lokuhlolwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi yendabuko, ukuhlanganiswa kwekhonkrithi okuxutshwe ngomquba kungasetshenziswa kuphela ngesimo sempuphu, futhi okwesibili, ziyancibilika emanzini abandayo, noma zincibilike kancane kancane ngaphansi kwesenzo se-alkali ukuze zisebenze kahle.
1. Isiqinisi, i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kanye nesiqinisi
I-cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)futhii-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)Zonke zenziwe ngezinto zemvelo ze-polymer (njengokotini, njll.) I-non-ionic cellulose ether ekhiqizwa ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Zibonakala ngokuncibilika kwamanzi abandayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukuhlangana, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukugcotshwa, ukuqina kwe-non-ionic kanye ne-pH. Ukuncibilika kwamanzi abandayo kwalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi amandla okugcina amanzi ayathuthukiswa, isici sokuqina sisobala, ububanzi bamabhamuza omoya angeniswayo buncane kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokuthuthukisa amandla okubopha kodaka uyathuthukiswa kakhulu.
I-Cellulose ether ayinazo nje kuphela izinhlobo ezahlukene, kodwa futhi inobubanzi obukhulu besisindo sama-molecule kanye ne-viscosity kusukela ku-5mPa. s kuya ku-200,000 mPa. s, umthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-mortar esigabeni esisha nangemva kokuqina nawo uhlukile. Inani elikhulu lokuhlolwa kufanele lenziwe lapho kukhethwa ukukhetha okuthile. Khetha uhlobo lwe-cellulose olune-viscosity efanelekile kanye nobubanzi besisindo sama-molecule, umthamo omncane, futhi olungenawo umoya. Kungatholakala ngale ndlela kuphela ngokushesha. Ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kunomnotho omuhle.
2. Impuphu ye-latex ephinde ihlakazeke
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesithambisi ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokuqina kwesithambisi. Nakuba singavimbela isithambisi ukuthi singaqhekeki (ukunciphisa izinga lokuhwamuka kwamanzi) ngezinga elithile, ngokuvamile asisetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthuthukisa ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokumelana namanzi kwesithambisi. Umkhuba wokwengeza ama-polymer ukuthuthukisa ukungangeni, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokumelana nomthelela wesithambisi kanye nekhonkrithi uye waqashelwa. Ama-polymer emulsion asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuguqulweni kwesithambisi nekhonkrithi yekhonkrithi afaka: i-neoprene rubber emulsion, i-styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, i-polyacrylate latex, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-chlorine partial rubber emulsion, i-polyvinyl acetate, njll. Ngokuthuthuka kocwaningo lwesayensi, akuzona nje kuphela imiphumela yokuguqulwa kwama-polymer ahlukahlukene efundwe ngokujulile, kodwa futhi nendlela yokuguqula, indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kwama-polymer nekhonkrithi, kanye nemikhiqizo yokudonsa amanzi yesithambisi nayo ifundwe ngokwethiyori. Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kanye nocwaningo, kanye nenani elikhulu lemiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi evelile.
I-polymer emulsion ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kodaka oluxutshwe ngomuthi, kodwa kusobala ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ngqo ekukhiqizweni kodaka oluyimpuphu eyomile, ngakho-ke kwazalwa i-latex powder ephinde ihlakazeke. Njengamanje, i-latex powder ephinde ihlakazeke esetshenziswa kudaka oluyimpuphu eyomile ihlanganisa kakhulu: ① i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② i-vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ i-acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ i-vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) i-styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer inesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa esikhulu kunazo zonke.
Umkhuba ufakazele ukuthi ukusebenza kwempuphu ye-latex ephinde ihlakazeke kuzinzile, futhi kunemiphumela engenakuqhathaniswa ekuthuthukiseni amandla okubopha kwe-mortar, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwayo, ukuguqulwa kwayo, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nokungangeni, njll. Ukwengeza i-hydrophobic latex powder ehlanganiswe yi-polyvinyl acetate, i-vinyl chloride, i-ethylene, i-vinyl laurate, njll. nakho kunganciphisa kakhulu ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar (ngenxa yokungangeni kwayo emanzini), okwenza i-mortar ikwazi ukungena emoyeni futhi ingangeni, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nesimo sezulu futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina kwayo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukisa amandla okugoba kanye namandla okubopha kwe-mortar kanye nokunciphisa ubuthakathaka bayo, umphumela we-latex powder ephinde ihlakazeke ekuthuthukiseni ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana kwayo ulinganiselwe. Njengoba ukungezwa kwe-latex powder ephinde ihlakazeke kungahlakazeka futhi kubangele inani elikhulu lokungena komoya engxubeni ye-mortar, umphumela wayo wokunciphisa amanzi usobala kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ngenxa yesakhiwo esibi sama-bubbles omoya angenisiwe, umphumela wokunciphisa amanzi awuzange uthuthukise amandla. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amandla e-mortar azoncipha kancane kancane ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-latex powder ephinde ihlakazeke. Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukisweni kwamanye ama-mortar adinga ukucabangela amandla okucindezela kanye nokuguquguquka, kuvame ukudingeka ukwengeza i-defoamer ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela omubi we-latex powder emandleni okucindezela kanye namandla okuguquguquka kwe-mortar.
3. I-Defoamer
Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-cellulose, i-starch ether kanye nezinto ze-polymer, i-air-entraining property ye-mortar ngokungangabazeki iyanda, okuthinta amandla okucindezela, amandla okuguquguquka kanye namandla okubopha kwe-mortar ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi kunciphisa i-elastic modulus yayo; ngakolunye uhlangothi, Iphinde ibe nethonya elikhulu ekubukekeni kwe-mortar, futhi kuyadingeka kakhulu ukususa ama-air bubbles angeniswa ku-mortar. Njengamanje, ama-dry powder defoamers angeniswa kwamanye amazwe asetshenziswa kakhulu eShayina ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-commodity mortar, ukususa ama-air bubbles akuwona umsebenzi olula kakhulu.
4. I-ejenti yokulwa nokuwa
Uma unamathisela amathayili e-ceramic, amabhodi e-polystyrene ane-foam, kanye nokusebenzisa udoti wokushisa izinhlayiya ze-polystyrene powder, inkinga enkulu ebhekene nayo ukuwa. Umkhuba ubonisile ukuthi ukwengeza i-starch ether, i-sodium bentonite, i-metakaolin kanye ne-montmorillonite kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuxazulula inkinga yokuwa kodoti ngemva kokwakhiwa. Isixazululo esiyinhloko senkinga yokuwa ukukhulisa ukucindezeleka kokuqala kodoti, okungukuthi, ukwandisa i-thixotropy yawo. Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, akulula ukukhetha i-ejenti enhle yokulwa nokuwa, ngoba idinga ukuxazulula ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-thixotropy, ukusebenza kahle, i-viscosity kanye nesidingo samanzi.
5. Isiqinisi
Udaka lokuplasta, i-grout yethayela, udaka olunemibala ehlotshisiwe kanye nodaka oluxutshwe okomile olusetshenziselwa udonga lwangaphandle lwesistimu yokuvikela udaka oluncane lubalulekile emsebenzini wokungangeni manzi noma wokungangeni manzi, okudinga ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti yokungangeni manzi eyimpuphu, kodwa kufanele ibe nezici ezilandelayo: ① yenza udaka lube manzi luphelele, futhi lugcine imiphumela yesikhathi eside; ② alunawo umthelela omubi emandleni okubopha ebusweni; ③ ezinye izinto zokuxosha amanzi ezivame ukusetshenziswa emakethe, njenge-calcium stearate, kunzima ukuzixuba ngokushesha nangokulinganayo nodaka lwesimende, akusona isithasiselo esifanelekile sokungangeni manzi sodaka oluxutshwe okomile, ikakhulukazi izinto zokuxosha zokwakha ngomshini.
Muva nje kuthuthukiswe i-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi esekelwe ku-silane, okuwumkhiqizo osuselwa ku-silane oyimpuphu otholakala ngama-colloids okuvikela ancibilika emanzini afakwe i-silane eyomisa ngokufutha kanye nama-anti-caking agents. Uma i-mortar ixutshwa namanzi, igobolondo le-colloid elivikelayo le-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi lincibilika ngokushesha emanzini, bese likhipha i-silane ehlanganisiwe ukuze liyihlakaze emanzini axubayo. Endaweni ene-alkaline kakhulu ngemva kokumuncwa kwe-samente, amaqembu asebenzayo e-hydrophilic organic ku-silane aya-hydrolyzed ukuze akhe amaqembu e-silanol asabela kakhulu, futhi amaqembu e-silanol aqhubeka nokusabela ngokungenakulungiseka namaqembu e-hydroxyl emikhiqizweni yokumuncwa kwe-samente ukuze akhe izibopho zamakhemikhali, ukuze i-silane exhunywe ndawonye ngokuxhumanisa iqine ebusweni bodonga lwe-pore lwe-mortar yesamente. Njengoba amaqembu asebenzayo e-hydrophobic organic ebhekene nengaphandle lodonga lwe-pore, ubuso be-pores buthola i-hydrophobicity, ngaleyo ndlela buletha umphumela we-hydrophobic ojwayelekile ku-mortar.
6. Izithibi ze-Ubiquitin
I-alkali ye-Erythrothenic izothinta ubuhle be-mortar yokuhlobisa esekelwe kusimende, okuyinkinga evamile edinga ukuxazululwa. Ngokusho kwemibiko, isithasiselo esisekelwe ku-resin esisekelwe ku-anti-pantherine sithuthukiswe ngempumelelo muva nje, okuyimpuphu ephinde ihlakazeke futhi esebenza kahle ekuxubeni. Lo mkhiqizo ufanelekela kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ekugcotshweni kokukhululeka, ama-putties, ama-caulks noma ukwakheka kwe-mortar yokuqeda futhi uhambisana kahle nezinye izithasiselo.
7. Ifayibha
Ukwengeza inani elifanele le-fiber ku-mortar kungandisa amandla okubamba, kuthuthukise ukuqina, futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nokuqhekeka. Njengamanje, i-fiber yokwenziwa ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-wood fibers zivame ukusetshenziswa ku-mortar exutshwe okomile. I-Chemical synthetic fiber, njenge-polypropylene staple fiber, i-polypropylene staple fiber, njll. Ngemva kokuguqulwa kwendawo, le micu ayigcini nje ngokuba nokuhlakazeka okuhle, kodwa futhi inokuqukethwe okuphansi, okungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana kwepulasitiki kanye nokusebenza kokuqhekeka kwe-mortar. Izakhiwo zemishini azithinteki kakhulu. Ububanzi be-fiber yokhuni buncane, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukwanda kwesidingo samanzi se-mortar lapho kungezwa i-fiber yokhuni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-26-2024