Ko te moata maroke-ranu he ranunga o ngā rauemi sima (sima, pungarehu rere, paura para, me ētahi atu), ngā konganuku pai kua whakarōpūtia motuhake (onepu quartz, corundum, me ētahi atu, ā, i ētahi wā ka hiahiatia he konganuku mama, pērā i te ceramsite, te polystyrene whānui, me ētahi atu). Ko ngā kirikiri, te perlite whānui, te vermiculite whānui, me ētahi atu) me ngā ranunga ka whakaranua kia ōrite te ōwehenga, kātahi ka tākaihia ki roto i ngā putea, i ngā oko, ka tukuna rānei i roto i te nuinga i roto i te āhua paura maroke.
E ai ki te whakamahinga, he maha ngā momo mōtā arumoni, pērā i te mōtā paura maroke mō te mahi kōhatu, te mōtā paura maroke mō te whakapūkara, te mōtā paura maroke mō te whenua, te mōtā paura maroke motuhake mō te ārai wai, te tiaki wera me ētahi atu kaupapa. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka taea te wehewehe i te mōtā maroke-ranu ki te mōtā maroke-ranu noa (kōhatu, whakapūkara me te mōtā maroke-ranu whenua) me te mōtā maroke-ranu motuhake. Kei roto i ngā mōtā maroke-ranu motuhake: te mōtā papa whakaōrite-ake, te rauemi papa ātete-kakahu, te papa ātete-kakahu kore-mura, te kaihopu whakakī kore-waro, te mōtā ātete-wai, te mōtā whakapūkara kapia, te rauemi tiaki mata raima, te mōtā whakapūkara tae, me ētahi atu.
He maha ngā moata maroke-ranu e hiahia ana ki ngā momo tāpiri me ngā tikanga mahi rerekē hei hanga mā te maha o ngā whakamātautau. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā ranunga raima tuku iho, ka taea anake te whakamahi i ngā ranunga moata maroke-ranu hei paura, ā, tuarua, ka wairewa i roto i te wai matao, ka memeha haere rānei i raro i te mahi a te kawakore kia puta ai te hua e tika ana.
1. Whakamātotoru, kaihoko pupuri wai me te whakaū
Te cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)mete hauwaitoireti metireti pūtau (HEMC)He mea hanga katoa ēnei mai i ngā rauemi pūmua tūturu (pēnei i te miro, me ētahi atu) he etera cellulose kore-ionic i hangaia mā te maimoatanga matū. Ko ngā āhuatanga o ēnei ko te wairewatanga i roto i te wai matao, te pupuri wai, te matotoru, te piripono, te hanga kiriata, te whakahinuhinu, te kore-ionic me te pumau pH. Ka tino pai ake te wairewatanga i roto i te wai matao o tēnei momo hua, ā, ka whakanuia te kaha pupuri wai, ka kitea te āhuatanga matotoru, he iti noa te diameter o ngā mirumiru hau e whakaurua ana, ā, ka tino whakanuia te pānga o te whakapai ake i te kaha here o te moata.
He maha ngā momo o te cellulose ether, engari he whānui hoki te taumaha ngota me te matotoru toharite mai i te 5mPa.s ki te 200,000 mPa.s, he rerekē hoki te pānga ki te mahi a te moata i te wā hou me muri i te whakapakeketanga. Me whakahaere he maha ngā whakamātautau i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te kōwhiringa motuhake. Kōwhiria he momo cellulose me te matotoru me te taumaha ngota e tika ana, he iti te horopeta, ā, kāore he āhuatanga e uru ana ki te hau. Mā tēnei anake ka taea te whiwhi tonu. He pai te mahi hangarau, engari he pai hoki te ōhanga.
2. Paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō
Ko te mahi matua o te whakamātotoru he whakapai ake i te pupuri wai me te pumau o te moata. Ahakoa ka taea e ia te aukati i te pakaru o te moata (te whakaroa i te tere mimiti wai) ki tētahi taumata, kāore i te whakamahia hei huarahi hei whakapai ake i te pakari, te ātete pakaru me te ātete wai o te moata. Kua mōhiotia te mahi o te tāpiri i ngā pūmua hei whakapai ake i te ātete, te pakari, te ātete pakaru me te ātete pānga o te moata me te raima. Ko ngā whakamomona pūmua e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakarerekētanga o te moata sima me te raima sima ko: te whakamomona rapa neoprene, te whakamomona rapa styrene-butadiene, te rapa polyacrylate, te polyvinyl chloride, te whakamomona rapa wāhanga chlorine, te polyvinyl acetate, me ētahi atu. I te whanaketanga o te rangahau pūtaiao, ehara i te mea ko ngā pānga whakarerekētanga o ngā pūmua rerekē kua akohia hōhonu, engari ko te tikanga whakarerekētanga, te tikanga taunekeneke i waenga i ngā pūmua me te sima, me ngā hua whakamakuku sima kua akohia hoki i runga i te ariā. He tātaritanga hōhonu me te rangahau, me te maha o ngā hua rangahau pūtaiao kua puta.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakapūhui polima i roto i te hanga moata kua oti te whakaranu, engari he mārama kāore e taea te whakamahi tika i roto i te hanga moata paura maroke, nō reira i whānau mai ai te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō. I tēnei wā, ko te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata paura maroke ko: ① te copolymer vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAC/E); ② te copolymer vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate (VAC/VeoVa); ③ te homopolymer acrylate (Acrylate); ④ te homopolymer vinyl acetate (VAC); 4) te copolymer styrene-acrylate (SA), me ētahi atu. I roto i ēnei, ko te copolymer vinyl acetate-ethylene te mea nui rawa atu te ōwehenga whakamahinga.
Kua whakamātauhia e ngā mahi he pumau te mahi a te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō, ā, he pānga kore e taea te whakataurite ki te whakapai ake i te kaha piri o te moata, te whakapai ake i tōna pakari, te whakarerekētanga, te ātete ki te pakaru me te kore e uru ki roto, me ētahi atu. Mā te tāpiri i te paura rapa wai-whakaaro kua whakakotahihia ki te polyvinyl acetate, te vinyl chloride, te ethylene, te vinyl laurate, me ētahi atu ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te mimiti wai o te moata (nā tōna kore e uru ki roto), ka hanga te moata kia uru ki te hau me te kore e uru ki roto, ka whakarei ake i te ātete ki te huarere me te whakapai ake i te roa.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakapai ake i te kaha piko me te kaha piri o te moata me te whakaiti i tōna pakarukaru, he iti noa iho te pānga o te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō ki te whakapai ake i te pupuri wai o te moata me te whakanui ake i tōna piri. Nā te mea ka taea e te tāpiri o te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō, ā, ka nui te hau e uru ana ki roto i te ranunga moata, he tino kitea tōna pānga whakaiti wai. Heoi anō, nā te ngoikore o te hanganga o ngā mirumiru hau i whakaurua mai, kāore te pānga whakaiti wai i whakapai ake i te kaha. Engari, ka heke haere te kaha o te moata me te pikinga ake o te ihirangi paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō. Nō reira, i te whanaketanga o ētahi moata me whai whakaaro ki te kaha pēhi me te kaha piko, he maha ngā wā me tāpiri he mea whakakore pahuka i te wā kotahi hei whakaiti i te pānga kino o te paura rapa ki te kaha pēhi me te kaha piko o te moata.
3. Kaiwhakakore Huka
Nā te tāpiri o te cellulose, te māngaro ether me ngā rauemi polymer, ka piki ake te āhuatanga hopu hau o te moata, ka pā ki te kaha pēhi, te kaha piko me te kaha here o te moata i tetahi taha, ā, ka whakaiti i tōna āhua ngāwari; i tetahi atu taha, he nui hoki tōna pānga ki te āhua o te moata, ā, he mea tino tika kia whakakorea ngā mirumiru hau e whakaurua ana ki roto i te moata. I tēnei wā, ko ngā whakakorenga paura maroke kawemai te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i Haina hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, engari me mōhio ko te mea nui, nā te matotoru o te moata hokohoko, ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakakore i ngā mirumiru hau.
4. Kaiwhakaora ārai-totoka
I te wā e whakapiri ana i ngā taera uku, ngā papa polystyrene pahuka, me te whakamahi i te moata whakamahana matūriki polystyrene paura rapa, ko te raru nui rawa atu ko te hinganga. Kua whakamātauhia e te mahi he huarahi whai hua te tāpiri i te māngaro ether, te konutai bentonite, te metakaolin me te montmorillonite hei whakaoti rapanga i te hinganga o te moata i muri i te hanganga. Ko te otinga matua ki te raru o te totohu ko te whakanui ake i te ahotea kutikuti tuatahi o te moata, arā, te whakanui ake i tōna thixotropy. I roto i ngā mahi, ehara i te mea ngawari ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaihoko ārai-totohu pai, nā te mea me whakaoti e ia te whanaungatanga i waenga i te thixotropy, te kaha mahi, te matotoru me te hiahia wai.
5. Whakamātotoru
Ko te moata parai, te moata tāera, te moata whakapaipai tae me te moata maroke-whakaranu e whakamahia ana mō te pakitara o waho o te pūnaha whakamahana parai angiangi he mea tino nui mō te mahi ātete wai, ātete wai rānei, e hiahia ana kia tāpirihia he paura ātete wai, engari me whai i ēnei āhuatanga: ① kia kore e pā te wai o te parai katoa, ā, kia mau tonu ngā pānga mō te wā roa; ② kāore he pānga kino ki te kaha o te piri o te mata; ③ ko ētahi ātete wai e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te mākete, pērā i te konupūmā stearate, he uaua ki te whakaranu tere me te ōrite ki te parai sima, ehara i te mea he tāpiringa wai-whakaranu e tika ana mō te parai maroke-whakaranu, inā koa ngā rauemi parai mō te hanga miihini.
Kua whakawhanakehia tata nei tētahi paura ātete wai i ahu mai i te silane, he paura hua i ahu mai i te silane i whiwhihia mā te whakamaroke i ngā colloid tiaki wairewa-wai kua pania ki te silane me ngā kaihoko ārai-whakakoi. Ina konatunatua te moata ki te wai, ka tere te rewa o te anga colloid tiaki o te kaihoko ātete-wai ki roto i te wai, ā, ka tukuna te silane kua kapihia kia marara anō ki roto i te wai whakaranu. I roto i te taiao kawakore nui i muri i te whakamakuku sima, ka whakamakukuhia ngā rōpū mahi waro hydrophilic i roto i te silane hei hanga rōpū silanol tino tauhohe, ā, ka haere tonu ngā rōpū silanol ki te tauhohe tonu me ngā rōpū hydroxyl i roto i ngā hua whakamakuku sima hei hanga hononga matū, kia mau tonu ai te silane e honoa ana mā te hononga whakawhiti ki te mata o te pakitara pore o te moata sima. I te mea e anga ana ngā rōpū mahi waro hydrophobic ki waho o te pakitara pore, ka whiwhi te mata o ngā pore i te hydrophobicity, ā, ka puta te pānga hydrophobic whānui ki te moata.
6. Ngā aukati Ubiquitin
Ka pāngia te ataahua o te moata whakapaipai e ahu mai ana i te sima e te kawakore erythrothenic, he raruraru noa tēnei me whakatau. E ai ki ngā pūrongo, kua angitu te whakawhanake i tētahi tāpiringa anti-pantherine e ahu mai ana i te kapia, he paura ka taea te whakamarara anō me te mahi whakaoho pai. He tino pai tēnei hua mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā paninga whakamāmā, ngā putty, ngā caulks, ngā hanganga moata whakaoti rānei, ā, he pai te hototahi ki ētahi atu tāpiringa.
7. Muka
Mā te tāpiri i te nui o te muka e tika ana ki te moata ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha kume, te whakapakari i te pakari, me te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te pakaru. I tēnei wā, ko ngā muka matū hangai me ngā muka rakau e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te moata maroke-ranu. Ko ngā muka matū hangai, pērā i te muka matua polypropylene, te muka matua polypropylene, me ētahi atu. I muri i te whakarerekētanga o te mata, ehara i te mea he pai te horapa o ēnei muka, engari he iti hoki te ihirangi, ka taea te whakapai ake i te ātete kirihou me te mahi pakaru o te moata. Kāore e tino pāngia ngā āhuatanga miihini. He iti ake te diameter o te muka rakau, ā, me aro nui ki te pikinga o te hiahia wai mō te moata i te wā e tāpirihia ana te muka rakau.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-26-2024