Cov av nplaum qhuav yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv cementitious (cement, fly ash, slag hmoov, thiab lwm yam), cov pob zeb tshwj xeeb zoo (quartz xuab zeb, corundum, thiab lwm yam, thiab qee zaum xav tau cov pob zeb sib dua, xws li ceramsite, nthuav dav polystyrene, thiab lwm yam.) Granules, nthuav dav perlite, nthuav dav vermiculite, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov admixtures raug sib xyaw ua ke raws li qee qhov sib piv, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau ntim rau hauv hnab, thoob lossis muab ntau hauv cov hmoov qhuav.
Raws li daim ntawv thov, muaj ntau hom mortars lag luam, xws li hmoov qhuav mortar rau masonry, hmoov qhuav mortar rau plastering, hmoov qhuav mortar rau hauv av, hmoov qhuav tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv dej, khaws cia kub thiab lwm yam. Hauv kev xaus, mortar qhuav sib xyaw tuaj yeem muab faib ua mortar qhuav sib xyaw ib txwm (masonry, plastering thiab av qhuav sib xyaw mortar) thiab mortar qhuav tshwj xeeb. mortar qhuav sib xyaw tshwj xeeb suav nrog: mortar hauv pem teb tus kheej, cov khoom siv hauv pem teb uas tiv taus kev hnav, hauv pem teb uas tsis kub hnyiab, cov tshuaj caulking inorganic, mortar dej, resin plastering mortar, cov khoom tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm cov pob zeb, mortar plastering xim, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li ntawd, ntau cov mortars qhuav xav tau cov tshuaj sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm kom tau tsim los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim. Piv nrog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, cov tshuaj sib xyaw qhuav tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv daim ntawv hmoov, thiab qhov thib ob, lawv yaj tau hauv dej txias, lossis maj mam yaj hauv qab kev ua ntawm alkali kom ua rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
1. Cov khoom ua kom tuab, cov neeg sawv cev khaws dej thiab cov khoom ruaj khov
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)thiabhydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv polymer ntuj (xws li paj rwb, thiab lwm yam) Non-ionic cellulose ether tsim los ntawm kev kho tshuaj. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev yaj dej txias, khaws dej, tuab, sib koom ua ke, tsim zaj duab xis, lubricity, tsis-ionic thiab pH ruaj khov. Qhov kev yaj dej txias ntawm hom khoom no tau txhim kho zoo heev, thiab lub peev xwm khaws dej tau txhim kho, cov khoom tuab yog qhov pom tseeb, lub cheeb ntawm cov pa npuas qhia yog me me, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov mortar tau txhim kho zoo heev.
Cellulose ether tsis yog tsuas yog muaj ntau yam sib txawv xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam nruab nrab ntawm qhov hnyav molecular thiab viscosity los ntawm 5mPa. s txog 200,000 mPa. s, qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov mortar hauv theem tshiab thiab tom qab hardening kuj txawv. Yuav tsum tau ua ntau qhov kev sim thaum xaiv qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb. Xaiv ntau yam cellulose nrog qhov viscosity thiab qhov hnyav molecular tsim nyog, qhov koob tshuaj me me, thiab tsis muaj huab cua-entraining khoom. Tsuas yog ua li no nws thiaj li tau txais tam sim ntawd. Kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj muaj kev lag luam zoo.
2. Cov hmoov latex uas yaj tau dua tshiab
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ua kom tuab yog los txhim kho qhov khaws cia dej thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov mortar. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov mortar los ntawm kev tawg (qeeb qeeb ntawm cov dej evaporation tus nqi) rau qee qhov, nws feem ntau tsis siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho qhov tawv, tiv thaiv tawg thiab tiv thaiv dej ntawm cov mortar. Kev xyaum ntawm kev ntxiv polymers los txhim kho qhov tsis nkag, tawv, tiv thaiv tawg thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm mortar thiab pob zeb tau lees paub. Cov polymer emulsions siv feem ntau rau kev hloov kho ntawm cement mortar thiab cement pob zeb suav nrog: neoprene roj hmab emulsion, styrene-butadiene roj hmab emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine ib feem roj hmab emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tsis yog tsuas yog cov teebmeem hloov kho ntawm ntau yam polymers tau raug kawm tob, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem hloov kho, cov txheej txheem sib cuam tshuam ntawm polymers thiab cement, thiab cov khoom cement hydration kuj tau raug kawm theoretically. Kev tshuaj xyuas tob dua thiab kev tshawb fawb, thiab ntau cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim.
Cov polymer emulsion siv tau rau hauv kev tsim cov mortar sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim sua kom siv nws ncaj qha rau hauv kev tsim cov hmoov mortar qhuav, yog li cov hmoov latex uas tawg tau rov qab los yug los. Tam sim no, cov hmoov latex uas tawg tau rov qab siv rau hauv cov hmoov mortar qhuav feem ntau suav nrog: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer muaj qhov sib piv siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hmoov latex redispersible yog ruaj khov, thiab nws muaj cov teebmeem tsis sib xws rau kev txhim kho lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov mortar, txhim kho nws cov tawv, deformation, tawg tsis kam thiab impermeability, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv hydrophobic latex hmoov copolymerized los ntawm polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, vinyl laurate, thiab lwm yam kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov nqus dej ntawm cov mortar (vim nws hydrophobicity), ua rau cov mortar huab cua-permeable thiab impermeable, txhim kho nws yog huab cua resistant thiab tau txhim kho durability.
Piv nrog rau kev txhim kho lub zog khoov thiab lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov mortar thiab txo nws qhov brittleness, cov nyhuv ntawm cov hmoov latex rov tawg ua rau kev txhim kho kev khaws dej ntawm cov mortar thiab txhim kho nws cov cohesion yog txwv. Txij li thaum ntxiv cov hmoov latex rov tawg ua rau muaj kev tawg thiab ua rau muaj ntau ntawm huab cua nkag mus rau hauv cov mortar sib tov, nws cov nyhuv txo dej yog qhov pom tseeb heev. Tau kawg, vim yog cov qauv tsis zoo ntawm cov pa npuas uas tau qhia, cov nyhuv txo dej tsis tau txhim kho lub zog. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub zog ntawm cov mortar yuav maj mam txo qis nrog rau kev nce ntawm cov hmoov latex rov tawg ua rau. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim qee cov mortars uas yuav tsum xav txog lub zog compressive thiab flexural, nws feem ntau tsim nyog ntxiv cov tshuaj defoamer tib lub sijhawm kom txo qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov hmoov latex rau lub zog compressive thiab flexural ntawm cov mortar.
3. Tshuaj ua npuas ncauj
Vim yog qhov ntxiv ntawm cellulose, hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether thiab cov ntaub ntawv polymer, cov khoom siv cua-entraining ntawm cov mortar yog qhov tsis ntseeg tau nce ntxiv, uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog compressive, flexural zog thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov mortar ntawm ib sab tes, thiab txo nws cov elastic modulus; ntawm qhov tod tes, Nws kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov tsos ntawm cov mortar, thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog heev kom tshem tawm cov pa npuas uas tau qhia hauv cov mortar. Tam sim no, cov hmoov qhuav defoamers feem ntau yog siv hauv Suav teb los daws qhov teeb meem no, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias vim yog qhov siab viscosity ntawm cov khoom lag luam mortar, kev tshem tawm cov pa npuas tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim heev.
4. Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev sagging
Thaum muab cov vuas ceramic, cov laug cam polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, thiab siv cov roj hmab hmoov polystyrene particle rwb thaiv tsev mortar, qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws uas ntsib yog poob. Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias kev ntxiv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin thiab montmorillonite yog ib qho kev ntsuas zoo los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm mortar poob tom qab kev tsim kho. Qhov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb rau qhov teeb meem ntawm sagging yog kom nce qhov kev ntxhov siab thawj zaug ntawm mortar, uas yog, kom nce nws thixotropy. Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, nws tsis yooj yim los xaiv tus neeg sawv cev zoo tiv thaiv sagging, vim nws yuav tsum daws qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm thixotropy, workability, viscosity thiab dej xav tau.
5. Cov khoom ua kom tuab
Cov tshuaj pleev plastering, cov grout pobzeb, cov tshuaj pleev xim zoo nkauj thiab cov tshuaj pleev qhuav siv rau phab ntsa sab nraud ntawm lub tshuab rwb thaiv tsev plaster nyias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj dej lossis dej-pleev tshuaj, uas xav tau ntxiv cov tshuaj pleev hmoov dej-pleev tshuaj, tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: ① ua rau cov tshuaj pleev hydrophobic tag nrho, thiab tswj cov teebmeem mus sij hawm ntev; ② tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub zog sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw; ③ qee cov tshuaj pleev dej feem ntau siv hauv kev ua lag luam, xws li calcium stearate, nyuaj rau sib xyaw sai thiab sib npaug nrog cov tshuaj pleev cement, nws tsis yog cov tshuaj hydrophobic tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj pleev qhuav-pleev tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv plastering rau kev tsim kho tshuab.
Ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj silane ua cov hmoov uas tiv thaiv dej tau tsim tsis ntev los no, uas yog cov khoom uas muaj silane ua los ntawm kev txau cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas yaj tau hauv dej thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke. Thaum cov tshuaj sib xyaw nrog dej, lub plhaub colloid tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas yaj tau sai sai hauv dej, thiab tso cov silane uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub raj kom rov tawg rau hauv dej sib tov. Hauv qhov chaw alkaline heev tom qab cement hydration, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hydrophilic hauv silane raug hydrolyzed los tsim cov pab pawg silanol uas muaj zog heev, thiab cov pab pawg silanol txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov pab pawg hydroxyl hauv cov khoom ua kom cov cement hydration tsim cov tshuaj sib txuas, yog li ntawd cov silane txuas nrog los ntawm kev sib txuas yog khov kho rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov cement mortar. Thaum cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hydrophobic organic ntsib sab nraud ntawm phab ntsa, qhov chaw ntawm cov pores tau txais hydrophobicity, yog li coj cov nyhuv hydrophobic rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw.
6. Cov tshuaj Ubiquitin inhibitors
Erythrothenic alkali yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov cement-based decorative mortar, uas yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau daws. Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, cov tshuaj ntxiv anti-pantherine uas ua los ntawm resin tau tsim tiav tsis ntev los no, uas yog cov hmoov uas rov ua dua tshiab nrog kev ua tau zoo. Cov khoom no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem pab, putties, caulks lossis cov qauv mortar tiav thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov tshuaj ntxiv.
7. Cov fiber
Ntxiv cov fiber ntau kom txaus rau hauv cov mortar tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog tensile nce ntxiv, txhim kho qhov tawv, thiab txhim kho qhov tsis kam ntawm kev tawg. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj lom neeg ua los ntawm cov tshuaj fiber thiab cov ntoo fiber feem ntau siv rau hauv cov mortar qhuav sib xyaw. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ua los ntawm cov tshuaj fiber, xws li polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab hloov kho qhov chaw, cov fiber no tsis tsuas yog muaj kev sib kis zoo xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tsis kam ntawm cov yas thiab kev ua haujlwm tawg ntawm mortar. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis cuam tshuam loj heev. Lub cheeb ntawm cov ntoo fiber me dua, thiab yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov nce ntawm kev thov dej rau mortar thaum ntxiv cov ntoo fiber.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-26-2024