Mtondo wouma ndi wosakaniza zinthu zolimbitsa (simenti, phulusa louluka, ufa wa slag, ndi zina zotero), zinthu zapadera zolimbitsa (mchenga wa quartz, corundum, ndi zina zotero, ndipo nthawi zina zimafuna zinthu zopepuka, monga ceramsite, polystyrene yowonjezereka, ndi zina zotero.) Ma granules, perlite yowonjezereka, vermiculite yowonjezereka, ndi zina zotero) ndi zosakaniza zimasakanizidwa mofanana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake, kenako zimayikidwa m'matumba, m'migolo kapena zimaperekedwa mochuluka mu mkhalidwe wa ufa wouma.
Malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera, pali mitundu yambiri ya matope amalonda, monga matope owuma ogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa, matope owuma ogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pulasitiki, matope owuma ogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pulasitiki, matope apadera ogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pulasitiki, kusunga kutentha ndi zina. Mwachidule, matope osakanikirana ndi pulasitiki amatha kugawidwa m'ma matope wamba osakanikirana ndi pulasitiki (kumanga, kupaka pulasitala ndi matope osakanikirana ndi pulasitiki) ndi matope apadera osakanikirana ndi pulasitiki. matope apadera osakanikirana ndi pulasitiki akuphatikizapo: matope odziyimira pawokha, zinthu zosatha, pansi zosatha, zinthu zosatha, zinthu zosatha, matope osalowa madzi, matope osatha, matope opangidwa ndi resin, zinthu zoteteza pamwamba pa konkire, matope opangidwa ndi utoto, ndi zina zotero.
Ma matope ambiri osakanikirana ndi konkire amafunika kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito kudzera mu mayeso ambiri. Poyerekeza ndi ma matope achikhalidwe a konkire, ma matope osakanikirana ndi konkire amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ufa, ndipo chachiwiri, amasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, kapena amasungunuka pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito alkali kuti agwire ntchito moyenera.
1. Chokhuthala, chosungira madzi komanso chokhazikika
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)ndihydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)Zonse zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe za polima (monga thonje, ndi zina zotero). Non-ionic cellulose ether yopangidwa ndi mankhwala. Amadziwika ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi ozizira, kusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kugwirizana, kupanga filimu, kukhuthala, kukhazikika kwa pH. Kusungunuka kwa madzi ozizira kwa mtundu uwu wa chinthu kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yosungira madzi imawonjezeka, mphamvu yokhuthala imawonekera, kukula kwa thovu la mpweya lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi laling'ono, ndipo zotsatira za kukonza mphamvu yolumikizirana ya matope zimawonjezeka kwambiri.
Cellulose ether sikuti imangokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso ili ndi kulemera kwapakati kwa mamolekyulu ndi kukhuthala kuyambira 5mPa. mpaka 200,000 mPa. s, momwe matope amagwirira ntchito mu gawo latsopano komanso mutatha kuuma zimasiyana. Mayeso ambiri ayenera kuchitika posankha mtundu winawake. Sankhani mtundu wa cellulose wokhala ndi kukhuthala koyenera komanso kulemera kwa mamolekyulu, mlingo wochepa, komanso wopanda mpweya. Mwanjira imeneyi ndi momwe mungapezere nthawi yomweyo. Kuchita bwino kwaukadaulo, komanso kumakhala kotsika mtengo.
2. Ufa wa latex wotha kusungunukanso
Ntchito yaikulu ya chokhuthala ndikukonza kusunga madzi ndi kukhazikika kwa matope. Ngakhale kuti chingalepheretse matopewo kusweka (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatuluka) mpaka pamlingo winawake, nthawi zambiri sichigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowonjezera kulimba, kukana ming'alu ndi kukana madzi kwa matopewo. Njira yowonjezera ma polima kuti awonjezere kukana kwa madzi, kulimba, kukana ming'alu ndi kukana mphamvu kwa matope ndi konkire yadziwika. Ma emulsion a polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posintha matope a simenti ndi konkire ya simenti ndi awa: emulsion ya neoprene rabara, emulsion ya styrene-butadiene rabara, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine partial rabara emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, ndi zina zotero. Pakukula kwa kafukufuku wasayansi, sikuti zotsatira za kusintha kwa ma polima osiyanasiyana zaphunziridwa mozama, komanso njira yosinthira, njira yolumikizirana pakati pa ma polima ndi simenti, ndi zinthu zothira madzi za simenti zaphunziridwanso mwachiphunzitso. Kusanthula ndi kufufuza mozama kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zambiri za kafukufuku wasayansi zawonekera.
Emulsion ya polymer ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga matope osakaniza kale, koma n'zosatheka kuigwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji popanga matope ouma, kotero ufa wa latex wosungunukanso unabadwa. Pakadali pano, ufa wa latex wosungunukanso womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope ouma umaphatikizapo: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), ndi zina zotero. Pakati pawo, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer ili ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha kugwiritsa ntchito.
Machitidwe awonetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a ufa wa latex wosungunukanso ndi okhazikika, ndipo uli ndi zotsatira zosayerekezeka pakukweza mphamvu yolumikizirana ya matope, kukonza kulimba kwake, kusintha kwake, kukana ming'alu ndi kusalowa madzi, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera ufa wa latex wothira hydrophobic womwe umapangidwa ndi polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, vinyl laurate, ndi zina zotero kungachepetsenso kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa matope (chifukwa cha kusalowa madzi), kupangitsa matopewo kukhala opindika mpweya komanso osalowa madzi, kuonjezera mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi nyengo komanso kulimba bwino.
Poyerekeza ndi kukonza mphamvu yopindika ndi mphamvu yolumikizira ya matope ndikuchepetsa kufooka kwake, mphamvu ya ufa wa latex wothiranso madzi pakuwongolera kusunga madzi a matope ndikuwonjezera mgwirizano wake ndi yochepa. Popeza kuwonjezera ufa wa latex wothiranso madzi kumatha kufalikira ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu chisakanizo cha matope, mphamvu yake yochepetsera madzi ndiyodziwikiratu. Zachidziwikire, chifukwa cha kapangidwe koyipa ka thovu la mpweya lomwe layambitsidwa, mphamvu yochepetsera madzi sinawongolere mphamvu. M'malo mwake, mphamvu ya matope idzachepa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa wa latex wothiranso madzi. Chifukwa chake, popanga matope ena omwe amafunika kuganizira mphamvu yothira ndi yopindika, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuwonjezera defoamer nthawi yomweyo kuti muchepetse mphamvu yoyipa ya ufa wa latex pa mphamvu yothira ndi mphamvu yothira ya matope.
3. Chotsukira tsitsi
Chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa cellulose, starch ether ndi zinthu za polima, mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya ya matopewo mosakayikira imawonjezeka, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yokakamiza, mphamvu yopindika komanso mphamvu yolumikizira matopewo kumbali imodzi, ndikuchepetsa elastic modulus yake; kumbali ina, imakhudzanso kwambiri mawonekedwe a matopewo, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchotsa thovu la mpweya lomwe limalowetsedwa mu matopewo. Pakadali pano, zotsukira ufa wouma zochokera kunja zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China kuthetsa vutoli, koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa matope ogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchotsa thovu la mpweya si ntchito yophweka.
4. Woletsa kutsika
Pomata matailosi a ceramic, matabwa a polystyrene okhala ndi thovu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito matope oteteza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta polystyrene, vuto lalikulu lomwe likukumana nalo ndi kugwa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera starch ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin ndi montmorillonite ndi njira yothandiza yothetsera vuto la kugwa kwa matope pambuyo pomanga. Yankho lalikulu la vuto la kugwa ndikuwonjezera kupsinjika koyamba kwa matope, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera thixotropy yake. Mu ntchito zothandiza, sikophweka kusankha mankhwala abwino oletsa kugwa, chifukwa amafunika kuthetsa ubale pakati pa thixotropy, kugwira ntchito bwino, kukhuthala ndi kufunikira kwa madzi.
5. Chokhuthala
Chomangira chopaka pulasitiki, pulasitiki wopaka matailosi, pulasitiki wokongoletsera wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi pulasitiki wouma wosakanikirana ndi madzi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lakunja la pulasitala woonda ndi wofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yosalowa madzi kapena yoletsa madzi, zomwe zimafuna kuwonjezera ufa wothira madzi, koma uyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa: ① umapangitsa kuti pulasitiki ikhale yopanda madzi yonse, ndikusunga zotsatira zake kwa nthawi yayitali; ② usakhale ndi vuto lililonse pa mphamvu yolumikizira pamwamba; ③ mankhwala ena oletsa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika, monga calcium stearate, ndi ovuta kuwasakaniza mwachangu komanso mofanana ndi pulasitiki wa simenti, si chowonjezera choyenera cha pulasitiki chosakanikirana ndi madzi, makamaka zipangizo zomangira pulasitiki zomangira makina.
Posachedwapa, mankhwala oletsa madzi ochokera ku ufa wa silane apangidwa, omwe ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi ufa wa silane omwe amapezeka ndi ma colloids oteteza madzi osungunuka ndi silane komanso mankhwala oletsa kuuma. Pamene matopewo asakanizidwa ndi madzi, chipolopolo choteteza cha mankhwala oletsa madzi chimasungunuka mofulumira m'madzi, ndikutulutsa silane yomwe ili mkati kuti imwazikenso m'madzi osakanikirana. M'malo okhala ndi alkaline kwambiri pambuyo pa hydration ya simenti, magulu ogwira ntchito a hydrophilic organic mu silane amawotchedwa hydrolyzed kuti apange magulu a silanol omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo magulu a silanol amapitilizabe kuchitapo kanthu mosasinthika ndi magulu a hydroxyl mu zinthu zothira madzi a simenti kuti apange ma bond a mankhwala, kotero kuti silane yolumikizidwa pamodzi ndi kulumikiza imakhazikika pamwamba pa khoma la pores la matope a simenti. Pamene magulu ogwira ntchito a hydrophobic organic akuyang'ana kunja kwa khoma la pores, pamwamba pa pores pamakhala hydrophobicity, motero kubweretsa mphamvu yonse ya hydrophobic ku matopewo.
6. Zoletsa za Ubiquitin
Alkali ya erythrothenic imakhudza kukongola kwa matope okongoletsera okhala ndi simenti, lomwe ndi vuto lofala lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa. Malinga ndi malipoti, chowonjezera chotsutsana ndi pantherine chochokera ku utomoni chapangidwa bwino posachedwapa, chomwe ndi ufa wosungunuka womwe umagwira ntchito bwino. Chogulitsachi ndi choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokutira zopumira, ma putty, ma caulks kapena ma finishing mortar formulations ndipo chimagwirizana bwino ndi zowonjezera zina.
7. Ulusi
Kuwonjezera ulusi woyenera mu matope kungathandize kulimbitsa mphamvu ya kukanikiza, kulimbitsa kulimba, komanso kulimbitsa kukana ming'alu. Pakadali pano, ulusi wopangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi ulusi wa matabwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope osakanikirana ndi madzi. Ulusi wopangidwa ndi mankhwala, monga ulusi wopangidwa ndi polypropylene staple, ulusi wopangidwa ndi polypropylene staple, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo posintha pamwamba, ulusi uwu sumangokhala wosavuta kufalikira, komanso uli ndi zinthu zochepa, zomwe zingathandize kukana pulasitiki ndi magwiridwe antchito a matope. Kapangidwe ka makina sikukhudzidwa kwambiri. Kukula kwa ulusi wa matabwa ndi kochepa, ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa madzi kwa matope powonjezera ulusi wa matabwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-26-2024