Turmi mai busasshe hade-hade hade ne na kayan siminti (siminti, tokar kwari, foda mai laushi, da sauransu), kayan da aka yi wa ado na musamman (yashi mai siffar quartz, corundum, da sauransu, kuma wani lokacin yana buƙatar kayan da aka yi wa ado masu sauƙi, kamar ceramsite, polystyrene mai faɗi, da sauransu). Granules, perlite mai faɗi, vermiculite mai faɗi, da sauransu) da kayan da aka haɗa ana haɗa su daidai gwargwado bisa ga wani rabo, sannan a saka su a cikin jaka, ganga ko kuma a samar da su da yawa a cikin busasshen foda.
Dangane da aikace-aikacen, akwai nau'ikan turmi na kasuwanci da yawa, kamar turmi na busasshe don ginin dutse, turmi na busasshe don gyaran dutse, turmi na busasshe don gyaran ƙasa, turmi na busasshe don gyaran ƙasa, turmi na busasshe don gyaran ruwa, adana zafi da sauran dalilai. A taƙaice, ana iya raba turmi na busasshe zuwa turmi na busasshe na yau da kullun (masonry, plastering da turmi na busasshe da aka niƙa) da turmi na busasshe na musamman. Turmi na busasshe na musamman ya haɗa da: turmi na bene mai daidaita kansa, kayan bene mai jure lalacewa, bene mai jure lalacewa wanda ba zai iya ƙonewa ba, wakilin caulking mara amfani, turmi mai hana ruwa, turmi na resin, kayan kariya daga saman siminti, turmi mai launi, da sauransu.
Don haka turmi da aka gauraya da busasshe suna buƙatar haɗakar nau'ikan turmi daban-daban da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban da za a tsara ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje masu yawa. Idan aka kwatanta da haɗakar siminti na gargajiya, ana iya amfani da haɗakar turmi da busasshe kawai a cikin foda, kuma na biyu, ana narkewarsu a cikin ruwan sanyi, ko kuma a hankali suna narkewa ƙarƙashin tasirin alkali don yin tasirin da ya dace.
1. Mai kauri, wakili mai riƙe ruwa da kuma mai daidaita ruwa
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)kumahydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)An yi su ne da kayan polymer na halitta (kamar auduga, da sauransu). An samar da ether cellulose marasa ionic ta hanyar maganin sinadarai. Suna da alaƙa da narkewar ruwan sanyi, riƙe ruwa, kauri, haɗin kai, samar da fim, mai, kwanciyar hankali na rashin ionic da pH. Ana inganta narkewar ruwan sanyi na wannan nau'in samfurin sosai, kuma ƙarfin riƙe ruwa yana ƙaruwa, kauri a bayyane yake, diamita na kumfa na iska da aka gabatar yana da ƙanƙanta, kuma tasirin inganta ƙarfin haɗin turmi yana ƙaruwa sosai.
Cellulose ether ba wai kawai yana da nau'ikan iri-iri ba, har ma yana da nau'ikan matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta da danko daga 5mPa.s zuwa 200,000 mPa.s, tasirin da ke kan aikin turmi a matakin sabo da kuma bayan taurare shi ma ya bambanta. Ya kamata a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa lokacin zabar takamaiman zaɓi. Zaɓi nau'in cellulose mai dacewa da danko da kewayon nauyin kwayoyin halitta, ƙaramin sashi, kuma babu kayan shigar iska. Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za a iya samunsa nan da nan. Kyakkyawan aikin fasaha, amma kuma yana da kyakkyawan tattalin arziki.
2. Foda mai latex mai sake wargazawa
Babban aikin mai kauri shine inganta riƙe ruwa da kwanciyar hankali na turmi. Duk da cewa yana iya hana turmi fashewa (rage yawan fitar ruwa) zuwa wani mataki, gabaɗaya ba a amfani da shi azaman hanyar inganta tauri, juriyar tsagewa da juriyar ruwa na turmi. An gane aikin ƙara polymers don inganta rashin shiga ruwa, tauri, juriyar tsagewa da juriyar tasiri na turmi da siminti. Emulsions na polymer da aka saba amfani da su don gyaran turmi da siminti sun haɗa da: emulsion na roba na neoprene, emulsion na roba na styrene-butadiene, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, emulsion na roba na chlorine, polyvinyl acetate, da sauransu. Tare da haɓaka binciken kimiyya, ba wai kawai an yi nazarin tasirin gyare-gyare na polymers daban-daban ba, har ma da tsarin gyara, tsarin hulɗa tsakanin polymers da siminti, da samfuran haƙar siminti an kuma yi nazari a ka'ida. An ƙara zurfafa bincike da bincike, kuma an sami adadi mai yawa na sakamakon binciken kimiyya.
Ana iya amfani da sinadarin polymer wajen samar da turmi mai gauraye, amma a bayyane yake ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da shi kai tsaye wajen samar da turmi mai busasshe ba, don haka an haifi foda mai latex mai sake rushewa. A halin yanzu, foda mai sake rushewa da ake amfani da shi a turmi mai busasshe ya ƙunshi: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer yana da mafi girman rabon amfani.
Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa aikin foda mai narkewa a cikin latex yana da karko, kuma yana da tasiri mara misaltuwa akan inganta ƙarfin haɗin turmi, inganta tauri, nakasa, juriyar tsagewa da rashin shiga ruwa, da sauransu. Ƙara foda mai narkewa a cikin latex wanda aka haɗa shi da polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, vinyl laurate, da sauransu suma suna iya rage yawan shan turmi (saboda yawan haɗuwarsa), yana sa turmi ya shiga iska kuma ya shiga ruwa, yana ƙara juriya ga yanayi kuma yana da ingantaccen juriya.
Idan aka kwatanta da inganta ƙarfin lanƙwasa da ƙarfin haɗin turmi da rage karyewar sa, tasirin foda mai latex mai sake wargazawa kan inganta riƙe turmi da haɓaka haɗinsa yana da iyaka. Tunda ƙara foda mai sake wargazawa na iya wargazawa kuma ya haifar da yawan iska a cikin cakuda turmi, tasirin rage ruwa a bayyane yake. Tabbas, saboda rashin kyawun tsarin kumfa na iska da aka shigar, tasirin rage ruwa bai inganta ƙarfin ba. Akasin haka, ƙarfin turmi zai ragu a hankali tare da ƙaruwar yawan foda mai sake wargazawa. Saboda haka, a cikin haɓaka wasu turmi waɗanda ke buƙatar la'akari da ƙarfin matsi da lanƙwasawa, sau da yawa yana da mahimmanci a ƙara defoamer a lokaci guda don rage mummunan tasirin foda mai latex akan ƙarfin matsi da ƙarfin lanƙwasawa na turmi.
3. Mai cirewa
Saboda ƙara sinadarin cellulose, sitaci ether da kayan polymer, babu shakka ƙarfin shigar da iska na turmi yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke shafar ƙarfin matsi, ƙarfin lanƙwasa da ƙarfin haɗin turmi a gefe ɗaya, kuma yana rage ƙarfin robarsa; a gefe guda kuma, Yana da babban tasiri akan bayyanar turmi, kuma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a kawar da kumfa iska da aka shigar a cikin turmi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da busassun foda na busassun foda da aka shigo da su daga China don magance wannan matsalar, amma dole ne a lura cewa saboda yawan danko na turmi na kayayyaki, kawar da kumfa na iska ba aiki ne mai sauƙi ba.
4. Maganin hana yin kasala
Lokacin liƙa tayal ɗin yumbu, allon polystyrene mai kumfa, da kuma shafa turmi mai rufin roba na polystyrene, babbar matsalar da ake fuskanta ita ce faɗuwa. Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa ƙara sitaci ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin da montmorillonite wani ma'auni ne mai tasiri don magance matsalar faɗuwar turmi bayan gini. Babban maganin matsalar faɗuwa shine ƙara matsin lamba na farko na turmi, wato, ƙara thixotropy. A aikace-aikace na aiki, ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a zaɓi mai kyau na hana faɗuwa, domin yana buƙatar magance alaƙar da ke tsakanin thixotropy, iya aiki, ɗanko da buƙatar ruwa.
5. Mai kauri
Turmin da aka yi da filastik, grout na tayal, turmi mai launi na ado da turmi mai busasshe da aka yi amfani da shi don bangon waje na tsarin rufin sirara na filastik suna da mahimmanci don aikin hana ruwa ko hana ruwa, wanda ke buƙatar ƙara sinadarin hana ruwa mai foda, amma yakamata ya sami halaye masu zuwa: ① yin turmi mai hana ruwa gaba ɗaya, kuma yana kula da tasirin dogon lokaci; ② ba shi da mummunan tasiri akan ƙarfin haɗin saman; ③ wasu magungunan hana ruwa da aka saba amfani da su a kasuwa, kamar calcium stearate, suna da wuya a haɗa su da turmi na siminti cikin sauri da daidaito, ba ƙari ne mai hana ruwa don turmi mai gauraya busasshe ba, musamman kayan aikin gyaran injina.
An ƙirƙiro wani abu mai hana ruwa mai amfani da foda mai silane kwanan nan, wanda aka samo ta hanyar busar da silane mai feshi da kuma maganin hana caking. Lokacin da aka haɗa turmi da ruwa, harsashin colloid mai kariya na maganin hana ruwa yana narkewa cikin sauri a cikin ruwa, kuma yana sakin silane da aka lulluɓe don sake rarraba shi cikin ruwan gauraya. A cikin yanayin alkaline mai yawan alkaline bayan ruwan siminti, ƙungiyoyin aikin hydrophilic na kwayoyin halitta a cikin silane suna yin hydrolyzed don samar da ƙungiyoyin silanol masu amsawa sosai, kuma ƙungiyoyin silanol suna ci gaba da yin aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl a cikin samfuran ruwan siminti don samar da haɗin sinadarai, don haka silane da aka haɗa tare ta hanyar haɗin giciye ya tsaya cak a saman bangon rami na turmi siminti. Yayin da ƙungiyoyin aikin hydrophobic na kwayoyin halitta ke fuskantar wajen bangon rami, saman ramukan yana samun hydrophobicity, ta haka yana kawo tasirin hydrophobic ga turmi gaba ɗaya.
6. Masu hana Ubiquitin
Alkalin Erythrothenic zai shafi kyawun turmi mai ado da aka yi da siminti, wanda matsala ce da ake buƙatar magancewa. A cewar rahotanni, an samar da wani ƙarin maganin hana pantherine da aka yi da resin kwanan nan cikin nasara, wanda foda ne mai sake wargajewa tare da kyakkyawan aiki mai motsawa. Wannan samfurin ya dace musamman don amfani da shi a cikin rufin taimako, putties, caulks ko tsarin turmi na gamawa kuma yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da sauran ƙarin abubuwa.
7. Zare
Ƙara adadin zare mai dacewa a cikin turmi zai iya ƙara ƙarfin tauri, ƙara tauri, da kuma inganta juriyar tsagewa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da zare na roba da zare na itace a cikin turmi mai gauraye busasshe. Zare na roba, kamar polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, da sauransu. Bayan gyaran saman, waɗannan zare ba wai kawai suna da kyakkyawan watsewa ba, har ma suna da ƙarancin abun ciki, wanda zai iya inganta juriyar filastik da aikin tsagewa na turmi yadda ya kamata. Ba a yi tasiri sosai ga halayen injiniya ba. Diamita na zare na itace ya yi ƙanƙanta, kuma ya kamata a mai da hankali kan ƙaruwar buƙatar ruwa don turmi yayin ƙara zare na itace.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-26-2024