Uruvange rw'ibintu byumye bivanze ni uruvange rw'ibikoresho bitera sima (sima, ivu ry'umukungugu, ifu y'ibishishwa, nibindi), uruvange rwihariye rw'ibishishwa (umucanga wa quartz, corundum, nibindi, kandi rimwe na rimwe bisaba uruvange rworoheje, nka ceramsite, polystyrene yagutse, nibindi). Uduce duto, perlite yagutse, vermiculite yagutse, nibindi) n'ibivange bivanze neza hakurikijwe ingano runaka, hanyuma bigashyirwa mu mifuka, mu dusanduku cyangwa bigatangwa mu bwinshi mu buryo bw'ifu yumye.
Dukurikije ikoreshwa, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa mortiers zo mu bucuruzi, nka mortiers z'ifu yumye zo kubaka, mortiers z'ifu yumye zo gusigwa, mortiers z'ifu yumye zo gusigwa, mortiers zidasanzwe z'ifu yumye zo kurinda amazi, kubungabunga ubushyuhe n'izindi ntego. Muri make, mortiers z'ifu yumye zishobora kugabanywamo mortiers zisanzwe z'ifu yumye (ububaji, gusigwa na mortiers z'ifu yumye) n'mortiers zidasanzwe z'ifu yumye. Mortiers zidasanzwe z'ifu zirimo: mortiers zo hasi zigenga, ibikoresho byo hasi bidashobora kwangirika, hasi idashya, inorganic caulking agent, mortiers z'ifu zidapfa, mortiers zo gusigwa resin, ibikoresho birinda ubuso bwa beto, mortiers zo gusigwa amabara, nibindi.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’imyanda ivanze n’imyanda busaba ko habaho ubwoko butandukanye bw’imyanda n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora binyuze mu igeragezwa ryinshi. Ugereranyije n’imyanda isanzwe ya beto, imyanda ivanze n’imyanda ivanze n’imyanda ishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu buryo bw’ifu, icya kabiri, irashongeshwa mu mazi akonje, cyangwa ikayashongesha buhoro buhoro bitewe n’ibikorwa bya alkali kugira ngo igire ingaruka nziza.
1. Ituma amazi akomera, ikanayafata neza kandi igatuma ahora ahindagurika
Selulosi ya methyl eteri ya selulosi (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)nahydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)Byose bikozwe mu bikoresho bya polymer karemano (nk'ipamba, nibindi). Eteri ya cellulose itari ionic ikorwa hakoreshejwe imiti. Irangwa no gushonga kw'amazi akonje, kubika amazi, gukomera, guhuza, gukora filime, gusiga amavuta, kudahindagurika kwa pH. Gushonga kw'amazi akonje kw'ubu bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa birarushaho kuba byiza, kandi ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi buriyongera, ubushobozi bwo gukomera bugaragara, uburebure bw'udupira tw'umwuka twashyizwemo ni duto, kandi ingaruka zo kunoza imbaraga zo guhuza za mortier zirushaho kwiyongera cyane.
Cellulose ether ntabwo ifite ubwoko butandukanye gusa, ahubwo inafite urwego runini rw'uburemere bw'ingirabuzimafatizo n'ubukonje kuva kuri 5mPa. s kugeza kuri 200.000 mPa. s, ingaruka ku mikorere ya mortiweri mu gihe cyo gushya no nyuma yo gukomera nazo ziratandukanye. Umubare munini w'ibizamini ugomba gukorwa mu gihe cyo guhitamo ubwoko bwihariye. Hitamo ubwoko bwa cellulose bufite ubukonje bukwiye n'uburemere bwa molekile, ingano nto, kandi nta mwuka ujyana. Muri ubu buryo gusa ni bwo bushobora kuboneka ako kanya. Imikorere myiza ya tekiniki, ariko kandi ifite ubukungu bwiza.
2. Ifu ya latex ishobora kongera gushonga
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'iki gikoresho cyo gukurura ni ukunoza uburyo amazi abikwa n'uko aguma neza. Nubwo gishobora kubuza ko iki gikoresho gucika (kigabanya umuvuduko w'amazi ava mu kirere) ku rugero runaka, muri rusange ntigikoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo kunoza ubukomere, ubukana bw'imvange n'ubukana bw'amazi bwa kikoresho cyo gukurura. Uburyo bwo kongeramo polymers kugira ngo habeho ubukana, ubukana, ubukana bw'imvange n'ubukana bw'ingaruka za kikoresho cyo gukurura no kurwanya ingaruka za kikoresho cyo gukurura no gukingira ... sima byamenyekanye. Imashini zikoreshwa cyane mu guhindura sima na sima zirimo: emulsion ya neoprene rubber, emulsion ya styrene-butadiene rubber, latex ya polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, emulsion ya chlorine partial rubber, polyvinyl acetate, n'ibindi. Mu iterambere ry'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, si ingaruka zo guhindura polymers zitandukanye gusa zakozwe mu buryo bwimbitse, ahubwo no mu buryo bwo guhindura, uburyo bwo guhuza polymers na sima, n'ibicuruzwa byo gushyushya sima nabyo byizweho mu buryo bw'inyigo. Isesengura ryimbitse n'ubushakashatsi, kandi hagaragaye ibisubizo byinshi by'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Emulsion ya polymer ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora mortilage ivanze neza, ariko biragaragara ko bidashoboka kuyikoresha mu gukora mortilage y'ifu yumye, bityo ifu ya latex ishobora guhindurwa. Kuri ubu, ifu ya latex ishobora guhindurwa ikoreshwa muri mortilage y'ifu yumye ikubiyemo ahanini: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), nibindi. Muri byo, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer ifite igipimo kinini cy'ikoreshwa.
Imyitozo yagaragaje ko imikorere y'ifu ya latex ishobora gukurwamo ihamye, kandi ifite ingaruka zitagereranywa mu kunoza imbaraga zo gufatanya kwa mortiweri, kunoza ubukomere bwayo, guhinduka kwayo, kudacika no kutavogerwa, nibindi. Kongeramo ifu ya latex ikoreshwa mu gushonga hifashishijwe polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene, vinyl laurate, nibindi bishobora kandi kugabanya cyane uburyo amazi yinjira muri mortiweri (kubera ubudacogozwa bwayo n'amazi), bigatuma mortiweri ibasha kwinjira mu kirere kandi ikamena, bigatuma ikomeza kwihanganira ikirere kandi igakomeza kuramba.
Ugereranyije no kunoza imbaraga zo gupfunyika no gukomera kw'ibumba rya mortil no kugabanya ububobere bwayo, ingaruka z'ifu ya latex ishobora gupfunyika mu kunoza uburyo amazi abikwamo mortil no kongera ubufatanye bwayo ni nke. Kubera ko kongeramo ifu ya latex ishobora gupfunyika bishobora gukwirakwira no gutera umwuka mwinshi mu mvange ya mortil, ingaruka zayo zo kugabanya amazi ziragaragara cyane. Birumvikana ko bitewe n'imiterere mibi y'udupira tw'umwuka twinjijwemo, ingaruka zo kugabanya amazi ntizongereye imbaraga. Ahubwo, imbaraga za mortil zizagenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro uko ingano y'ifu ya latex ishobora gupfunyika yiyongera. Kubwibyo, mu iterambere rya mortil zimwe na zimwe zigomba gusuzuma imbaraga zo gupfunyika no gupfunyika, akenshi biba ngombwa kongeramo defoamer icyarimwe kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka mbi z'ifu ya latex ku mbaraga zo gupfunyika no gukomera kw'ibumba rya mortil.
3. Umuti wo gusiba amafi
Bitewe no kongeramo selulosi, eteri ya sitashi n'ibikoresho bya polymer, nta gushidikanya ko ubushobozi bwo gushyira umwuka muri sima buryongera, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga zo gukanda, imbaraga zo guhindagurika no gukomera kw'ifatanirizo rya sima ku ruhande rumwe, kandi bigabanya modulus yayo yoroshye; ku rundi ruhande, ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku isura ya sima, kandi ni ngombwa cyane gukuraho utubumbe tw'umwuka twinjizwa muri sima. Muri iki gihe, utubumbe two gukaraba ifu yumye dutumizwa mu mahanga dukoreshwa cyane mu Bushinwa mu gukemura iki kibazo, ariko tugomba kumenya ko bitewe n'ubukana bwinshi bwa sima y'ibicuruzwa, gukuraho utubumbe tw'umwuka atari igikorwa cyoroshye cyane.
4. Umuti urwanya kugwa kw'amazi
Mu gihe cyo gukomata amatafari ya keramike, amabati ya polystyrene akozwe mu ifuro, no gukoresha ifu ya polystyrene ikoreshwa mu gukingira uduce duto, ikibazo gikomeye gihura nacyo ni ukugwa. Imyitozo yagaragaje ko kongeramo sitashi ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolini na montmorillonite ari uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura ikibazo cyo kugwa kwa sitashi nyuma yo kubaka. Umuti w'ingenzi ku kibazo cyo kugwa ni ukongera imbaraga za mbere za sitashi, ni ukuvuga kongera thixotropy yayo. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, ntabwo byoroshye guhitamo umuti mwiza wo kurwanya kugwa, kuko ugomba gukemura isano iri hagati ya thixotropy, ubushobozi bwo gukora, ubukana n'ubukene bw'amazi.
5. Ingufu zigabanya ubukana
Ibumba risukwa, icyuma gifunga amatafari, ibumba rishushanyijeho amabara meza n'ibumba rivanze ryumye rikoreshwa ku rukuta rwo hanze rw'uburyo bwo gukingira plaster buto ni ngombwa cyane kugira ngo amazi adapfa cyangwa adapfa, bisaba kongerwamo ifu irinda amazi, ariko igomba kugira ibi bikurikira: ① ituma ibumba ridapfa amazi muri rusange, kandi rigakomeza kugira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire; ② nta ngaruka mbi zigira ku mbaraga z'ubuso; ③ bimwe mu binyabutabire bikunze gukoreshwa ku isoko, nka calcium stearate, biragoye kuvanga vuba kandi neza na sima, ntabwo ari ikintu gikwiriye cyongera amazi ku ibumba rivanze ryumye, cyane cyane ibikoresho byo gusigwa mu bwubatsi bw'imashini.
Umuti urinda amazi ushingiye ku ifu ya silane uherutse gukorwa, ukaba ari umusaruro ushingiye kuri silane ukomoka ku ifu uboneka hakoreshejwe imiti irinda amazi ipfukwa na silane ipfukwa na silane ndetse n’imiti irwanya gufunga. Iyo silvoire ivanze n’amazi, igishishwa cya silvoide kirinda amazi gishonga vuba mu mazi, maze kikarekura silane ifunze kugira ngo yongere kuyijugunya mu mazi avangavanze. Mu bidukikije birimo alkaline nyinshi nyuma yo gushonga sima, amatsinda y’imikorere ya organic akunda amazi muri silane ashyirwamo hydrolyze kugira ngo akore amatsinda ya silanol akorana cyane, kandi amatsinda ya silanol akomeje gukorana n’amatsinda ya hydroxyl mu bikoresho byo gushonga sima kugira ngo akore imigozi ya chemical, bityo silane ihujwe hamwe no guhuza ishyirwa ku buso bw’urukuta rw’imyobo ya sima. Uko amatsinda y’imikorere ya organic akunda amazi areba inyuma y’urukuta rw’imyobo, ubuso bw’imyobo bugira hydrophobicity, bityo bigatera ingaruka za hydrophobicity muri silvoire.
6. Ibinini bya Ubiquitin
Alkali ya erythrothenic izagira ingaruka ku miterere y'uruvange rw'imitako rushingiye kuri sima, iki kikaba ari ikibazo gikunze kugaragara kigomba gukemurwa. Nk'uko amakuru abivuga, inyongeramusaruro ishingiye kuri resin-anti-pantherine yakozwe vuba aha, ikaba ari ifu ishobora gusubirwamo kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gukangura. Iki gicuruzwa kibereye cyane gukoreshwa mu gusiga irangi, putti, caulks cyangwa finishing mortar formulations kandi gihuye neza n'ibindi bivange.
7. Fibre
Kongeramo fibre ikwiye muri mortika bishobora kongera imbaraga zo gukurura, kongera ubukana, no kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'imiturire. Muri iki gihe, fibre za shimi n'imiturire y'ibiti bikunze gukoreshwa muri mortika yumye. Fibre za shimi, nka polypropylene staple fibre, polypropylene staple fibre, nibindi. Nyuma yo guhindura ubuso, iyi fibre ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira gusa, ahubwo inagira ingano nto, ishobora kunoza neza ubudahangarwa bwa pulasitiki n'imikorere y'urusenda. Imiterere ya mashini ntabwo ihungabana cyane. Ingano y'umurambararo wa fibre y'ibiti ni nto, kandi hakwiye kwitabwaho kwiyongera k'amazi akenewe kuri mortika mugihe hongerwamo fibre y'ibiti.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 26 Mata 2024