Udaka oluxutywe ngomileyo ludibaniso lwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngesamente (isamente, uthuthu oluphumayo, umgubo we-slag, njl.njl.), ii-aggregates ezintle ezikumgangatho ophezulu (isanti ye-quartz, i-corundum, njl.njl., kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zifuna ii-aggregates ezilula, ezifana ne-ceramsite, i-polystyrene ekhutshiweyo, njl.njl.) Iigranules, i-perlite ekhutshiweyo, i-vermiculite ekhutshiweyo, njl.njl.) kunye nee-admixtures zixutywa ngokulinganayo ngokwemilinganiselo ethile, kwaye emva koko zipakishwa kwiingxowa, kwiibharele okanye zinikwe ngobuninzi zikwimeko yomgubo owomileyo.
Ngokwesicelo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemortar zorhwebo, ezifana nemortar yomgubo owomileyo wokwakha, imortar yomgubo owomileyo wokufaka iplasta, imortar yomgubo owomileyo womhlaba, imortar yomgubo owomileyo ekhethekileyo yokukhusela amanzi, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nezinye iinjongo. Ngamafutshane, imortar exutywe ngomileyo inokwahlulwa ibe yimortar eqhelekileyo exutywe ngomileyo (ukwakha, ukuplasta kunye nemortar exutywe ngomileyo) kunye nemortar ekhethekileyo exutywe ngomileyo. Imortar ekhethekileyo exutywe ngomileyo ibandakanya: imortar yomgangatho ezizilinganiselayo, izinto zomgangatho ezingagugiyo, umgangatho ongatshiyo, iarhente ye-caulking engaphiliyo, imortar engangeni manzi, imortar ye-resin plastering, izinto zokukhusela umphezulu wekhonkrithi, imortar ye-plastering enemibala, njl.
Iimortar ezininzi ezixutywe ngomileyo zifuna umxube weentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ukuze zenziwe ngovavanyo oluninzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nomxube wekhonkrithi wendabuko, umxube wemortar oxutywe ngomileyo ungasetyenziswa kuphela kwimo yomgubo, kwaye okwesibini, ziyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, okanye zinyibilike kancinci kancinci phantsi kwesenzo se-alkali ukuze zisebenze.
1. Isiqinisi, iarhente yokugcina amanzi kunye nesiqinisi
I-cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)kwayei-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC)Zonke zenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer zendalo (ezifana nomqhaphu, njl.njl.) I-non-ionic cellulose ether eveliswa ngonyango lweekhemikhali. Zibonakaliswa kukunyibilika kwamanzi abandayo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuqina, ukuhambelana, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukuthambisa, ukuzinza kwe-non-ionic kunye ne-pH. Ukunyibilika kwamanzi abandayo kolu hlobo lwemveliso kuphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye amandla okugcina amanzi ayanda, ipropathi yokutyeba iyabonakala, ububanzi bamaqamza omoya angeniswayo buncinci, kwaye isiphumo sokuphucula amandla okubopha kwe-mortar siphucuka kakhulu.
I-Cellulose ether ayinazo nje kuphela iintlobo ngeentlobo, kodwa ikwanazo noluhlu olubanzi lobunzima obuphakathi be-molecular kunye ne-viscosity ukusuka kwi-5mPa. s ukuya kwi-200,000 mPa. s, impembelelo ekusebenzeni kwe-mortar kwinqanaba elitsha nasemva kokuqina nayo yahlukile. Inani elikhulu lovavanyo kufuneka lenziwe xa kukhethwa ukhetho oluthile. Khetha uhlobo lwe-cellulose olune-viscosity efanelekileyo kunye noluhlu lobunzima be-molecular, idosi encinci, kwaye alunawo umoya ongenisa umoya. Kuphela ngale ndlela inokufumaneka ngoko nangoko. Ukusebenza kobugcisa okufanelekileyo, kodwa kukwanoqoqosho oluhle.
2. Umgubo welatex ophinda uchitheke
Umsebenzi oyintloko wesithambisi kukuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuzinza kwesithambisi. Nangona sinokuthintela isithambisi ukuba singaqhekeki (ukucothisa izinga lokuphuma kwamanzi) ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, ngokubanzi asisetyenziswa njengendlela yokuphucula ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokumelana namanzi kwesithambisi. Isenzo sokongeza iipolymers ukuphucula ukungangeni, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokumelana nempembelelo yesithambisi kunye nekhonkrithi siye saqatshelwa. Iipolymer emulsions ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ekuguqulweni kwesithambisi sesamente kunye nekhonkrithi yesamente ziquka: i-neoprene rubber emulsion, i-styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, i-polyacrylate latex, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-chlorine partial rubber emulsion, i-polyvinyl acetate, njl. Ngophuhliso lophando lwesayensi, ayizizo kuphela iziphumo zokuguqulwa kweepolymers ezahlukeneyo ezifundwe ngokunzulu, kodwa kunye nendlela yokuguqula, indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kweepolymers kunye nesamente, kunye neemveliso ze-samente hydration nazo ziye zafundwa ngokwethiyori. Uhlalutyo olunzulu kunye nophando, kwaye inani elikhulu leziphumo zophando lwesayensi liye lavela.
I-polymer emulsion ingasetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwe-mortar esele ixutyiwe, kodwa ngokucacileyo akunakwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ekuvelisweni kwe-mortar eyomileyo, ngoko ke kwazalwa i-latex powder enokuxutyiwa kwakhona. Okwangoku, i-latex powder enokuxutyiwa kwakhona esetyenziswa kwi-mortar eyomileyo ibandakanya ikakhulu: ① i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② i-vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ i-acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ i-vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) i-styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), njl. Phakathi kwazo, i-vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer inomlinganiselo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa.
Uqheliso luye lwabonisa ukuba ukusebenza komgubo we-latex ophinda uqhekeke kuzinzile, kwaye kunemiphumo engenakuthelekiswa nanto ekuphuculeni amandla okubopha komgubo, ukuphucula ukuqina kwawo, ukuguqulwa kwawo, ukumelana nokuqhekeka kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi, njl. Ukongeza umgubo we-latex ophobic ocopolymerized yi-polyvinyl acetate, i-vinyl chloride, i-ethylene, i-vinyl laurate, njl. kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukufunxwa kwamanzi komgubo (ngenxa yokungangeni kwamanzi), okwenza umgubo ungene emoyeni kwaye ungangeni, okwandisa ukumelana nemozulu kwaye uphucule ukuqina kwawo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokuphucula amandla okugoba kunye namandla okubopha kwe-mortar kunye nokunciphisa ukubuthathaka kwayo, isiphumo se-redispersible latex powder ekuphuculeni ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar kunye nokuphucula ukuhlangana kwayo sinqunyelwe. Ekubeni ukongezwa kwe-redispersible latex powder kunokusasazeka kwaye kubangele inani elikhulu lokungena komoya kumxube we-mortar, isiphumo sayo sokunciphisa amanzi sicacile kakhulu. Kakade ke, ngenxa yesakhiwo esibi see-air bubbles ezingenisiweyo, isiphumo sokunciphisa amanzi asizange siphucule amandla. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amandla e-mortar aya kuncipha kancinci ngokunyuka komxholo we-redispersible latex powder. Ke ngoko, ekuphuhlisweni kwezinye ii-mortars ezifuna ukuqwalasela amandla okuxinzelela kunye nawokugoba, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukongeza i-defoamer ngaxeshanye ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo embi ye-latex powder kumandla okuxinzelela kunye namandla okugoba kwe-mortar.
3. Isicoci se-Defoamer
Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-cellulose, i-starch ether kunye nezinto ze-polymer, ipropathi yokungenisa umoya we-mortar ngokungathandabuzekiyo iyanda, nto leyo echaphazela amandla oxinzelelo, amandla okuguquguquka kunye namandla okubopha kwe-mortar kwelinye icala, kwaye inciphisa i-elastic modulus yayo; kwelinye icala, Ikwanefuthe elikhulu kwimbonakalo ye-mortar, kwaye kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukususa amaqamza omoya angeniswe kwi-mortar. Okwangoku, ii-defoamers zomgubo owomileyo ezingenisiweyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina ukusombulula le ngxaki, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-mortar yezinto ezithengiswayo, ukususa amaqamza omoya akuwona msebenzi ulula kakhulu.
4. Iarhente yokulwa nokuwa
Xa uncamathisela iithayile zeseramikhi, iibhodi zepolystyrene ezinefoam, kunye nokusebenzisa umgubo werabha we-polystyrene particle insulation mortar, ingxaki enkulu ejongene nayo kukuwa. Uqheliselo luye lwabonisa ukuba ukongeza i-starch ether, i-sodium bentonite, i-metakaolin kunye ne-montmorillonite yindlela esebenzayo yokusombulula ingxaki yokuwa komotar emva kokwakhiwa. Isisombululo esiphambili kwingxaki yokuwa kukunyusa uxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-shear mortar, oko kukuthi, ukwandisa i-thixotropy yayo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, akulula ukukhetha i-arhente elungileyo yokulwa nokuwa, kuba kufuneka isombulule ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-thixotropy, ukusebenza kakuhle, i-viscosity kunye nemfuno yamanzi.
5. Isiqinisi
I-plastering mortar, i-tile grout, i-motar enemibala ehombisayo kunye ne-dry-mixed mortar esetyenziselwa udonga lwangaphandle lwenkqubo yokugquma i-plaster encinci iyimfuneko kumsebenzi ongangeni manzi okanye othintela amanzi, ofuna ukongezwa kwe-arhente ethintela amanzi engumgubo, kodwa kufuneka ibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: ① yenza i-mortar ingabi hydrophobic iyonke, kwaye igcine iziphumo zexesha elide; ② ayinampembelelo imbi kumandla okubopha komphezulu; ③ ezinye izinto zokuthintela amanzi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike, ezifana ne-calcium stearate, kunzima ukuzixuba ngokukhawuleza nangokulinganayo ne-samente mortar, ayisiyonto ifanelekileyo yokuthintela amanzi kwi-dry-mixed mortar, ingakumbi izinto zokufaka i-plaster zokwakha oomatshini.
Kutshanje kuye kwaveliswa i-arhente yokuthintela amanzi esekwe kwi-silane, eyimveliso esekwe kwi-silane eyenziwe nge-powder silane efunyenwe ngee-colloids zokukhusela ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezifakwe i-silane kunye nee-anti-caking agents. Xa i-mortar ixutywe namanzi, iqokobhe le-colloid elikhuselayo le-arhente yokuthintela amanzi linyibilika ngokukhawuleza emanzini, kwaye likhuphe i-silane evalekileyo ukuze liyiphinde liyichithe emanzini axutyiweyo. Kwimeko-bume ene-alkaline eninzi emva kokufuma kwesamente, amaqela asebenzayo e-hydrophilic organic kwi-silane ayafuthwa ukuze enze amaqela e-silanol asabela kakhulu, kwaye amaqela e-silanol aqhubeka nokusabela ngokungenakuguquguquka namaqela e-hydroxyl kwiimveliso zokufuma kwesamente ukwenza iibhondi zeekhemikhali, ukuze i-silane edityaniswe kunye ngokunqamleza iqine ngokuqinileyo kumphezulu wodonga lwe-pore lwe-mortar yesamente. Njengoko amaqela asebenzayo e-hydrophobic organic ejongene nomphandle wodonga lwe-pore, umphezulu we-pores ufumana i-hydrophobicity, ngaloo ndlela kuzisa isiphumo se-hydrophobic iyonke kwi-mortar.
6. Izithinteli ze-Ubiquitin
I-Erythrothenic alkali iya kuchaphazela ubuhle be-mortar yokuhombisa esekwe kwisamente, eyingxaki eqhelekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe. Ngokweengxelo, isongezo esisekelwe kwi-resin-anti-pantherine siphuhliswe ngempumelelo kutshanje, esiyi-powder ephinda inyibilike kwaye isebenza kakuhle ekuxubeni. Le mveliso ifanelekile ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwiingubo zokukhulula, ii-putties, ii-caulks okanye iifomyula zokugqiba i-mortar kwaye ihambelana kakuhle nezinye izongezo.
7. Ifayibha
Ukongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo befayibha kwi-mortar kunokunyusa amandla okuxinana, kuphucule ukuqina, kwaye kuphucule ukumelana nokuqhekeka. Okwangoku, iifayibha ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali kunye neefayibha zomthi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-mortar exutywe ngomileyo. Iifayibha ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali, ezifana ne-polypropylene staple fiber, i-polypropylene staple fiber, njl. Emva kokuguqulwa komphezulu, ezi fayibha azinakuphela nje kokuba zisasazeka kakuhle, kodwa zinomxholo ophantsi, onokuphucula ngempumelelo ukumelana kweplastiki kunye nokusebenza kokuqhekeka kwe-mortar. Iimpawu zoomatshini azichaphazeleki kakhulu. Ububanzi befayibha yomthi buncinci, kwaye kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekwandeni kwemfuno yamanzi kwi-mortar xa kufakwa ifayibha yomthi.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-26-2024