01. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Konutai Carboxymethylcellulose
He electrolyte polymer anionic te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose. Ko te nui o te whakakapinga o te CMC arumoni kei waenga i te 0.4 ki te 1.2. I runga i te parakore, he mā, he mā-parauri rānei te āhua.
1. Te matotoru o te otinga
Ka tere te piki o te matotoru o te wairewa CMC me te pikinga o te kukū, ā, he āhuatanga rere rūpahu te wairewa. He iti ake te kaha o te whakakapinga (DS=0.4-0.7) i ngā wairewa, ā, ka rerekē te matotoru kitea ina whakamahia te kutikuti, ina tangohia rānei te wairewa. Ka heke te matotoru o te wairewa CMC me te pikinga o te pāmahana, ā, ka taea te huri i tēnei pānga ina kore te pāmahana e neke ake i te 50 °C. I te pāmahana teitei ake mō te wā roa, ka memeha te CMC. Koinei te take e ngāwari ai te huri mā te kirikiri toto, ka memeha hoki ina tāia te kirikiri toto tauira rārangi angiangi.
Me whiriwhiri e te CMC e whakamahia ana mō te paninga he hua he nui te kaha o te whakakapinga, inā koa te paninga e rere ana te toto.
2. Te pānga o te uara pH ki te CMC
He noa tonu te matotoru o te wai CMC i roto i te whānuitanga pH, ā, he tino pumau i waenga i te pH 7 me te 9. Me te pH
Ka heke te uara, ā, ka huri te CMC mai i te āhua tote ki te āhua waikawa, kāore e wairewa i te wai, ka puta he matūriki. Ina iti iho te uara pH i te 4, ka huri te nuinga o te āhua tote ki te āhua waikawa, ka puta he matūriki. Ina iti iho te pH i te 3, he iti iho te taumata o te whakakapinga i te 0.5, ā, ka taea te huri katoa mai i te āhua tote ki te āhua waikawa. Ko te uara pH o te hurihanga katoa o te CMC me te taumata teitei o te whakakapinga (neke atu i te 0.9) kei raro iho i te 1. Nō reira, ngana ki te whakamahi i te CMC me te taumata teitei o te whakakapinga mō te paninga turuturu.
3. Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te CMC me ngā katote konganuku
Ka taea e ngā katote konganuku kotahi-valent te hanga tote wairewa-wai me te CMC, e kore e pā ki te matotoru, te mārama me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te otinga wai, engari he rerekē te Ag+, ka meinga te otinga kia tau. Ko ngā katote konganuku takirua-valent, pērā i te Ba2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, me ētahi atu, ka meinga te otinga kia tau; kāore he pānga o te Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, me ētahi atu ki te otinga. Ka hangaia e ngā katote konganuku toru-valent he tote kore-wairewa me te CMC, he tau, he tau rānei, nō reira kāore e taea te whakamātotoru i te konupora ferric ki te CMC.
Kāore i te tino mārama te pānga o te CMC ki te manawanui ki te tote:
(1) E pā ana ki te momo tote whakarewa, te uara pH o te otinga me te nui o te whakakapinga o te CMC;
(2) E pā ana ki te raupapa me te tikanga whakaranu o te CMC me te tote.
He pai ake te hototahitanga o te CMC he nui te whakakapinga ki ngā tote, ā, he pai ake te pānga o te tāpiri tote ki te otinga CMC i tērā o te wai tote.
He pai te CMC. Nō reira, i te wā e whakarite ana i te kirikiri osmotic, me whakarewa te CMC ki te wai i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tāpirihia he wai tote osmotic.
02. Me pēhea te mōhio ki te CMC i te mākete
Whakarōpūtia mā te parakore
Teitei te kounga o te parakore — kei runga ake i te 99.5% te ihirangi;
Te kounga parakore ā-ahumahi — neke atu i te 96% te ihirangi;
Hua mata — kei runga ake i te 65% te ihirangi.
Whakarōpūtia mā te matotoru
Momo matotoru teitei – ko te matotoru o te otinga 1% kei runga ake i te 5 Pa s;
Momo matotoru waenga – ko te matotoru o te otinga 2% kei runga ake i te 5 Pa s;
Momo matotoru iti – 2% matotoru o te otinga neke atu i te 0.05 Pa·s.
03. Whakamārama mō ngā tauira noa
He tauira motuhake tā ia kaihanga, e kiia ana he neke atu i te 500 ngā momo. Ko te tauira tino noa he toru ngā wāhanga: X—Y—Z.
Ko te reta tuatahi e tohu ana i te whakamahinga ahumahi:
F – tohu kai;
I——taumata ahumahi;
C – te karaehe uku;
O – te taumata hinu.
Ko te reta tuarua e tohu ana i te taumata matotoru:
H – matotoru teitei
M——mātotoru waenga
L – matotoru iti.
Ko te reta tuatoru e tohu ana i te taumata o te whakakapinga, ā, ko tōna tau wehea ki te 10 te taumata tuturu o te whakakapinga o te CMC.
Tauira:
Ko te tauira o te CMC ko FH9, arā, ko te CMC he kounga kai, he matotoru teitei, ā, ko te taumata whakakapinga he 0.9.
Ko te tauira o te CMC ko CM6, arā, ko te CMC he karaehe uku, he matotoru waenga, ā, ko te taumata whakakapinga he 0.6.
Waihoki, kei reira anō ngā momo e whakamahia ana i roto i te rongoā, te kakahu me ētahi atu ahumahi, he mea onge noa iho te kitea i roto i te whakamahinga o te ahumahi uku.
04. Ngā Paerewa Kōwhiringa Ahumahi Uku
1. Te pumau o te matotoru
Koinei te tūāpapa tuatahi mō te whiriwhiri i te CMC mō te paninga
(1) Kāore e tino rerekē te matotoru i tētahi wā
(2) Kāore e tino rerekē te matotoru i runga i te pāmahana.
2. Te thixotropy iti
I te hanga taera karaihe, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te kirikiri thixotropic, ki te kore ka pā ki te kounga o te mata karaihe, nō reira he pai ake te whiriwhiri i te CMC kai-kai. Hei whakaiti i ngā utu, ka whakamahia e ētahi kaihanga te CMC ahumahi-ahumahi, ā, ka ngāwari te pā ki te kounga o te kirikiri.
3. Kia aro ki te tikanga whakamātautau matotoru
(1) He hononga taupū te kukū o te CMC ki te matotoru, nō reira me aro nui ki te tika o te pauna;
(2) Kia tūpato ki te ōritetanga o te otinga CMC. Ko te tikanga whakamātautau tino pakari ko te whakaoho i te otinga mō ngā haora e rua i mua i te ine i tōna matotoru;
(3) He nui te pānga o te pāmahana ki te matotoru, nō reira me aro nui ki te pāmahana o te taiao i te wā o te whakamātautau;
(4) Kia aro ki te tiaki i te otinga CMC kia kore ai e pirau.
(5) Kia tūpato ki te rerekētanga i waenga i te matotoru me te ōritetanga.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-05-2023