I-ether ye-cellulose
I-Cellulose ether yigama elijwayelekile lochungechunge lwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-alkali cellulose kanye ne-etherifying agent ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. I-alkali cellulose ithathelwa indawo yi-ethers ehlukene etherifying ukuze kutholakale ama-ether e-cellulose ahlukene. Ngokwezakhiwo ze-ionization zezithasiselo, ama-ether e-cellulose angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: i-ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kanye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose). Ngokohlobo lwe-substituent, i-cellulose ether ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-monoether (njenge-methyl cellulose) kanye ne-ether exubile (njenge-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Ngokwe-solubility ehlukene, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-soluble emanzini (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kanye ne-organic solvent-soluble (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njll. I-dry-mixed mortar ikakhulukazi i-cellulose encibilikayo emanzini, kanti i-cellulose encibilikayo emanzini ihlukaniswe ibe uhlobo olusheshayo kanye nohlobo lokuncibilika oluphathwe ubuso.
Indlela yokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether ku-mortar yile elandelayo:
(1) Ngemva kokuba i-cellulose ether esesimendeni incibilikiswe emanzini, ukusatshalaliswa okusebenzayo nokulinganayo kwezinto eziqinisayo ohlelweni kuyaqinisekiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi wobuso, kanti i-cellulose ether, njenge-colloid evikelayo, "isonga" izinhlayiya eziqinile futhi kwakheka ungqimba lwefilimu yokugcoba ebusweni bayo bangaphandle, okwenza uhlelo lwesimende luzinze kakhudlwana, futhi kuthuthukise ukugeleza kwesimende ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba kanye nokushelela kokwakhiwa.
(2) Ngenxa yesakhiwo saso sama-molecule, isixazululo se-cellulose ether senza amanzi asesigqumeni angabi lula ukuwalahla, futhi kancane kancane siyawakhipha isikhathi eside, okwenza isigqumeni sibe nokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle nokusebenza kahle.
1. I-Methylcellulose (MC)
Ngemva kokuba ukotini ocoliwe uphathwe nge-alkali, i-cellulose ether ikhiqizwa ngochungechunge lwezimpendulo nge-methane chloride njenge-etherification agent. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushintsha liyi-1.6 ~ 2.0, kanti ukuncibilika nakho kuhlukile ngamazinga ahlukene okushintsha. Kungokwe-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-Methylcellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, futhi kuzoba nzima ukuyincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu ebangeni le-pH=3~12. Ihambisana kahle nesitashi, i-guar gum, njll. kanye nama-surfactants amaningi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga lokushisa le-gelation, kwenzeka i-gelation.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuncike enanini layo lokwengeza, i-viscosity, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nezinga lokuncibilika. Ngokuvamile, uma inani lokwengeza likhulu, ubuncane buncane, kanti i-viscosity inkulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, inani lokwengeza linomthelela omkhulu kakhulu esilinganisweni sokugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi izinga le-viscosity alilingani ngqo nezinga lezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Izinga lokuncibilika lincike kakhulu ezingeni lokuguqulwa kobuso bezinhlayiya ze-cellulose kanye nobuncane bezinhlayiya. Phakathi kwama-ether e-cellulose angenhla, i-methyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zinamazinga aphezulu okugcinwa kwamanzi.
(3) Izinguquko ekushiseni zizothinta kakhulu izinga lokugcina amanzi le-methyl cellulose. Ngokuvamile, uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, kuba kubi kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa le-mortar lidlula ama-40°C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, okuzothinta kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
(4) I-Methyl cellulose inomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni nasekunamatheleni kwe-mortar. “Ukunamathela” lapha kubhekisela emandleni okunamathela azwakala phakathi kwethuluzi lokufaka isicelo somsebenzi kanye ne-substrate yodonga, okungukuthi, ukumelana nokusika kwe-mortar. Ukunamathela kuphakeme, ukumelana nokusika kwe-mortar kukhulu, futhi amandla adingekayo yizisebenzi enkambisweni yokusebenzisa nawo makhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokwakha kwe-mortar kuphansi. Ukunamathela kwe-Methyl cellulose kusezingeni eliphakathi emikhiqizweni ye-cellulose ether.
2. I-Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose uhlobo lwe-cellulose olukhiqizayo futhi olusetshenziswayo luye lwanda ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Luyi-ether exubile ye-cellulose engeyona i-ionic eyenziwe ngokotini ocolisisiwe ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-propylene oxide kanye ne-methyl chloride njenge-etherification, ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezimpendulo. Izinga lokushintshana ngokuvamile lingu-1.2 ~ 2.0. Izakhiwo zalo zihlukile ngenxa yezilinganiso ezahlukene zokuqukethwe kwe-methoxyl kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl.
(1) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose incibilika kalula emanzini abandayo, futhi izobhekana nobunzima ekuncibilikeni emanzini ashisayo. Kodwa izinga lokushisa layo le-gelation emanzini ashisayo liphakeme kakhulu kunele-methyl cellulose. Ukuncibilika emanzini abandayo nakho kuthuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-methyl cellulose.
(2) Ukuqina kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuhlobene nesisindo sayo sama-molecule, futhi uma isisindo sama-molecule sikhulu, kulapho ukuqina kwe-viscosity kuphakama khona. Izinga lokushisa lithinta nokuqina kwayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukuqina kwe-viscosity kwehla. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kwayo okuphezulu kunomphumela wokushisa ophansi kune-methyl cellulose. Isixazululo sayo sizinzile uma sigcinwe ekushiseni kwegumbi.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuncike enanini layo lokwengeza, i-viscosity, njll., futhi izinga layo lokugcinwa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lokwengeza liphakeme kunele-methyl cellulose.
(4) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile ku-asidi kanye ne-alkali, futhi isixazululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu ku-pH=2~12. I-Caustic soda kanye namanzi e-lime awanawo umthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa i-alkali ingasheshisa ukuncibilika kwayo futhi yandise i-viscosity yayo. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile ku-viscosity evamile, kodwa lapho ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo sikasawoti kuphezulu, i-viscosity yesisombululo se-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ivame ukwanda.
(5) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ingaxutshwa nama-polymer compounds ancibilika emanzini ukuze kwakheke isixazululo esifanayo nesinobuthi obuphezulu. Njenge-polyvinyl alcohol, i-starch ether, i-vegetable gum, njll.
(6) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokumelana okungcono kwama-enzyme kune-methylcellulose, futhi isixazululo sayo cishe asikwazi ukuwohloka ngama-enzyme kune-methylcellulose.
(7) Ukunamathela kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ekwakhiweni kwe-mortar kuphakeme kunokwe-methylcellulose.
3. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Yenziwe ngokotini ocoliwe ophathwe nge-alkali, futhi ixutshwe ne-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification agent lapho kukhona i-acetone. Izinga lokushintshana ngokuvamile lingu-1.5 ~ 2.0. Inomoya oqinile wokunamathela emanzini futhi kulula ukumunca umswakama.
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo sayo sizinzile ekushiseni okuphezulu ngaphandle kokufaka i-gelling. Ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu ku-mortar, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphansi kune-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile ku-asidi ejwayelekile kanye ne-alkali. I-Alkali ingasheshisa ukuncibilika kwayo futhi ikhuphule kancane i-viscosity yayo. Ukuhlakazeka kwayo emanzini kubi kancane kunokwe-methyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose inamandla amahle okulwa nokuwohloka kwe-mortar, kodwa inesikhathi eside sokulibazisa i-samente.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose ekhiqizwa amanye amabhizinisi asekhaya kusobala ukuthi kuphansi kunokwe-methyl cellulose ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwamanzi amaningi kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha okuphezulu.
4. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
I-ether ye-cellulose ye-Ionic yenziwe ngemicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) ngemva kokwelashwa nge-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherification agent, futhi idlula ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha zokusabela. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-0.4 ~ 1.4, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yizinga lokushintsha.
(1) I-carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic kakhulu, futhi izoqukatha amanzi amaningi uma igcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
(2) Isixazululo samanzi se-carboxymethyl cellulose ngeke sikhiqize ijeli, futhi i-viscosity izoncipha uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-50°C, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.
(3) Ukuqina kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yi-pH. Ngokuvamile, ingasetshenziswa ku-mortar esekelwe ku-gypsum, kodwa hhayi ku-mortar esekelwe kusimende. Uma i-alkaline kakhulu, ilahlekelwa yi-viscosity.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphansi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Inomphumela wokulibazisa ku-mortar esekelwe ku-gypsum futhi inciphisa amandla ayo. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-carboxymethyl cellulose iphansi kakhulu kuneye-methyl cellulose.
Impuphu yerabha yepolymer ephinde ihlakazeke
Impuphu yerabha ephinde ihlakazeke icutshungulwa ngokufutha nge-spray ye-emulsion ekhethekile ye-polymer. Enqubweni yokucubungula, i-colloid evikelayo, i-anti-caking agent, njll. iba izithasiselo ezibalulekile. Impuphu yerabha eyomisiwe iyizinhlayiya eziyindilinga ezingama-80 ~ 100mm eziqoqwe ndawonye. Lezi zinhlayiya ziyancibilika emanzini futhi zakha ukuhlakazeka okuzinzile okukhulu kancane kunezinhlayiya zokuqala ze-emulsion. Lokhu kuhlakazeka kuzokwakha ifilimu ngemva kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokomisa. Le filimu ayinakuguqulwa njengokwakheka kwefilimu ejwayelekile ye-emulsion, futhi ngeke ihlakazeke kabusha lapho ihlangana namanzi. Ukuhlakazeka.
Impuphu yerabha ephinde ihlakazeke ingahlukaniswa ibe yi: i-styrene-butadiene copolymer, i-tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, i-ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, njll., futhi ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-silicone, i-vinyl laurate, njll. iyaxhunyelelwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Izindlela ezahlukene zokuguqula zenza impuphu yerabha ephinde ihlakazeke ibe nezakhiwo ezahlukene njengokumelana namanzi, ukumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuguquguquka. Iqukethe i-vinyl laurate kanye ne-silicone, okungenza impuphu yerabha ibe nokungangeni kahle kwamanzi. I-vinyl tertiary carbonate enamagatsha amaningi enenani eliphansi le-Tg kanye nokuguquguquka okuhle.
Uma lolu hlobo lwempuphu yerabha lusetshenziswa ku-mortar, zonke zinomthelela wokulibazisa esikhathini sokubeka i-samente, kodwa umphumela wokulibazisa mncane kunowokusetshenziswa ngqo kwe-emulsions efanayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-styrene-butadiene inomphumela wokulibazisa omkhulu kunayo yonke, kanti i-ethylene-vinyl acetate inomphumela omncane kakhulu wokulibazisa. Uma umthamo umncane kakhulu, umphumela wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-mortar awubonakali.
Imicu ye-polypropylene
I-polypropylene fiber yenziwe nge-polypropylene njengezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nenani elifanele le-modifier. Ububanzi be-fiber ngokuvamile bungama-microns angu-40, amandla okudonsa angama-300 ~ 400mpa, i-modulus elastic ingu-≥3500mpa, kanti ukunwebeka okuphelele kungu-15 ~ 18%. Izici zayo zokusebenza:
(1) Imicu ye-polypropylene isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngezindlela ezintathu ezingahleliwe ku-mortar, yakha uhlelo lokuqinisa inethiwekhi. Uma i-1 kg ye-polypropylene fiber ingezwa ku-ton ngayinye ye-mortar, imicu ye-monofilament engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 ingatholakala.
(2) Ukwengeza i-polypropylene fiber ku-mortar kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuqhekeka kwe-mortar esimweni sepulasitiki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi le mifantu iyabonakala noma cha. Futhi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuphuma kwegazi ebusweni kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-mortar entsha.
(3) Ngomzimba oqiniswe yi-mortar, i-polypropylene fiber inganciphisa kakhulu inani lemifantu yokuguquguquka. Okusho ukuthi, lapho umzimba oqiniswe yi-mortar ukhiqiza ukucindezeleka ngenxa yokuguquguquka, ungamelana futhi udlulise ukucindezeleka. Lapho umzimba oqiniswe yi-mortar uqhekeka, unganciphisa ukugxilisa ukucindezeleka esicongweni soqhekeko futhi unciphise ukwanda kwe-crack.
(4) Ukusabalala kahle kwemicu ye-polypropylene ekukhiqizweni kodaka kuzoba yinkinga enzima. Ukuxuba imishini, uhlobo lwefayibha kanye nomthamo, isilinganiso sodaka kanye nemingcele yenqubo yalo konke kuzoba yizinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusabalala.
i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya
I-air-entraining agent uhlobo lwe-surfactant olungakha amabhamuza omoya azinzile kukhonkrithi noma ku-mortar entsha ngezindlela ezibonakalayo. Ikakhulukazi ifaka: i-rosin nama-polymer ayo okushisa, ama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic, ama-alkylbenzene sulfonates, ama-lignosulfonates, ama-carboxylic acid kanye nosawoti wawo, njll.
Ama-air-entraining agents avame ukusetshenziswa ukulungisa ama-plastering mortars kanye nama-masonry mortars. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-air-entraining agent, kuzokwenzeka izinguquko ezithile ekusebenzeni kwe-mortar.
(1) Ngenxa yokufakwa kwamabhamuza omoya, ukulula nokwakhiwa kwe-mortar esanda kuhlanganiswa kunganda, futhi ukopha kungancishiswa.
(2) Ukusebenzisa nje i-air-entraining agent kuzonciphisa amandla kanye nokunwebeka kwesikhunta esisesigqumeni. Uma i-air-entraining agent kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kusetshenziswa ndawonye, futhi isilinganiso sifanelekile, inani lamandla ngeke lehle.
(3) Kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana neqhwa kwe-mortar eqinile, kuthuthukise ukungangenwa kwe-mortar, futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nokuguguleka kwe-mortar eqinile.
(4) I-ejenti yokufaka umoya izokwandisa okuqukethwe komoya ku-mortar, okuzokwandisa ukuncishiswa komortar, futhi inani lokuncishiswa lingancishiswa ngokufanele ngokungeza i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi.
Njengoba inani le-ejenti yokufaka umoya elingeziwe lincane kakhulu, ngokuvamile libalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi kuphela zenani eliphelele lezinto zokwakha usimende, kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lilinganiswe kahle futhi lixutshwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kodaka; izici ezifana nezindlela zokuxuba kanye nesikhathi sokuxuba zizothinta kakhulu inani lokufaka umoya. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje zokukhiqiza nokwakha zasekhaya, ukwengeza ama-ejenti okufaka umoya kudaka kudinga umsebenzi omningi wokuhlola.
i-ejenti yamandla okuqala
Ezisetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa amandla okuqala ekhonkrithi nodaka, ama-sulfate okuqala amandla asetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi afaka i-sodium sulfate, i-sodium thiosulfate, i-aluminium sulfate kanye ne-potassium aluminium sulfate.
Ngokuvamile, i-sodium sulfate engenamanzi isetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi umthamo wayo uphansi futhi umphumela wamandla okuqala muhle, kodwa uma umthamo umkhulu kakhulu, uzobangela ukwanda nokuqhekeka esigabeni sokugcina, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzovela ukubuya kwe-alkali, okuzothinta ukubukeka kanye nomthelela wesendlalelo sokuhlobisa ubuso.
I-calcium formate nayo iyi-ejenti enhle yokulwa nokuqandisa. Inomphumela omuhle wokuqina kwasekuqaleni, imiphumela emibi embalwa, ihambisana kahle nezinye izingxube, futhi izakhiwo eziningi zingcono kune-sulfate early strength agents, kodwa intengo iphakeme.
isivikelo sokuqandisa
Uma uthayela lusetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphansi, uma kungekho zinyathelo zokuvimbela ukubanda ezithathwayo, kuzokwenzeka umonakalo weqhwa futhi amandla omzimba oqinile azobhujiswa. Uthayela oluvimbela ukubanda luvimbele umonakalo wokuqandisa ngezindlela ezimbili zokuvimbela ukubanda nokuthuthukisa amandla okuqala othayela.
Phakathi kwezinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-antifreeze, i-calcium nitrite kanye ne-sodium nitrite zinemiphumela emihle kakhulu ye-antifreeze. Njengoba i-calcium nitrite ingenayo i-potassium kanye ne-sodium ions, inganciphisa ukuvela kwe-alkali aggregate uma isetshenziswa kukhonkolo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuphansi kancane uma isetshenziswa kukhonkolo, kuyilapho i-sodium nitrite isebenza kangcono. I-antifreeze isetshenziswa kanye ne-ejenti yamandla okuqala kanye ne-water reducer ukuze kutholakale imiphumela eyanelisayo. Lapho i-mortar exutshwe nowomile ene-antifreeze isetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lenhlanganisela kufanele lenyuswe ngendlela efanele, njengokuxuba namanzi afudumele.
Uma inani le-antifreeze liphezulu kakhulu, lizonciphisa amandla e-mortar esigabeni esilandelayo, futhi ubuso be-mortar eqinile buzoba nezinkinga ezifana nokubuya kwe-alkali, okuzothinta ukubukeka kanye nomthelela wesendlalelo sokuhlobisa ubuso.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-16-2023