I-ether yeseli
I-Cellulose ether ligama eliqhelekileyo loluhlu lweemveliso eziveliswa yi-reaction ye-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agent phantsi kweemeko ezithile. I-alkali cellulose ithathelwa indawo zii-ethers ezahlukeneyo ze-ether ukuze kufunyanwe ii-ethers ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose. Ngokweempawu ze-ionization zezinto ezithatha indawo, ii-ethers ze-cellulose zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kunye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose). Ngokweentlobo ze-substituent, i-cellulose ether inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoether (njenge-methyl cellulose) kunye ne-ether exutyiweyo (njenge-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-water-soluble (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kunye ne-organic solvent-soluble (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njl. I-dry-mixed mortar yi-cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini ikakhulu, kwaye i-water-soluble cellulose yahlulwe ibe yi-instant type kunye ne-surface treated delayed dissolve type.
Indlela yokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether kwi-mortar yile ilandelayo:
(1) Emva kokuba i-cellulose ether kwi-mortar inyibilikisiwe emanzini, ukusasazwa okusebenzayo nokulinganayo kwezinto ezisimende kwinkqubo kuyaqinisekiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi womphezulu, kwaye i-cellulose ether, njenge-colloid ekhuselayo, "isonga" amasuntswana aqinileyo kwaye Umaleko wefilimu yokuthambisa uyenziwa kumphezulu wayo wangaphandle, okwenza inkqubo ye-mortar izinze ngakumbi, kwaye iphucula ukutyibilika kwe-mortar ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba kunye nokuthamba kolwakhiwo.
(2) Ngenxa yesakhiwo saso se-molecular, isisombululo se-cellulose ether senza amanzi akumotha angabi lula ukuwalahla, kwaye siyawakhupha kancinci kancinci ixesha elide, nto leyo enika umotha amandla okugcina amanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
1. I-Methylcellulose (MC)
Emva kokuba umqhaphu ocociweyo uphathwe nge-alkali, i-cellulose ether iveliswa ngothotho lweempendulo kunye ne-methane chloride njenge-etherification agent. Ngokubanzi, inqanaba lokutshintshwa yi-1.6 ~ 2.0, kwaye ukunyibilika nako kwahlukile ngeqondo lokutshintshwa kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Yeye-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-Methylcellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuyinyibilikisa emanzini ashushu. Isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-pH=3~12. Ihambelana kakuhle nesitatshi, i-guar gum, njl.njl. kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukunyibilika. Xa ubushushu bufikelela kubushushu be-gelation, i-gelation iyenzeka.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bayo bokongeza, ukuxinana, ukucoleka kwamasuntswana kunye nesantya sokunyibilika. Ngokubanzi, ukuba ubungakanani bokongeza bukhulu, ukucoleka buncinci, kwaye ukucoleka kukhulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, ubungakanani bokongeza bunempembelelo enkulu kwisantya sokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye inqanaba lokucoleka alihambelani ngokuthe ngqo nenqanaba lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Isantya sokunyibilika sixhomekeke kakhulu kwinqanaba lokuguqulwa komphezulu wamasuntswana e-cellulose kunye nokucoleka kwamasuntswana. Phakathi kwee-ethers ze-cellulose ezingentla, i-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zinamazinga aphezulu okugcinwa kwamanzi.
(3) Utshintsho kubushushu luya kuchaphazela kakhulu izinga lokugcina amanzi le-methyl cellulose. Ngokubanzi, xa ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuba kubi. Ukuba ubushushu be-mortar budlula ama-40°C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuya kuncipha kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
(4) I-Methyl cellulose inefuthe elikhulu ekwakhiweni nasekunamatheleni kwe-mortar. "Ukuncamathela" apha kubhekisa kumandla okuncamathela avakalayo phakathi kwesixhobo sokusebenzisa somsebenzi kunye ne-substrate yodonga, oko kukuthi, ukumelana nokucheba kwe-mortar. Ukuncamathela kuphezulu, ukumelana nokucheba kwe-mortar kukhulu, kwaye amandla afunekayo ngabasebenzi kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa nawo makhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar kuphantsi. Ukunamathela kwe-Methyl cellulose kukwinqanaba eliphakathi kwiimveliso ze-cellulose ether.
2. I-Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose luhlobo lwe-cellulose oluphumayo kwaye lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Luhlobo lwe-non-ionic cellulose mixed ether olwenziwe ngekotoni ecociweyo emva kwe-alkalization, kusetyenziswa i-propylene oxide kunye ne-methyl chloride njenge-etherification agent, ngokusebenzisa uthotho lweempendulo. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-1.2 ~ 2.0. Iimpawu zalo zahlukile ngenxa yemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yomxholo we-methoxyl kunye nomxholo we-hydroxypropyl.
(1) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inyibilika lula emanzini abandayo, kwaye iya kujongana nobunzima ekunyibilikeni emanzini ashushu. Kodwa ubushushu bayo be-gelation emanzini ashushu buphezulu kakhulu kunobo be-methyl cellulose. Ukunyibilika emanzini abandayo nako kuphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-methyl cellulose.
(2) Ubunzima be-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bunxulumene nobunzima bayo beemolekyuli, kwaye okukhona ubunzima be-molekyuli bukhulu, kokukhona ubuninzi be-viscosity buphezulu. Ubushushu bukwachaphazela nobunzima bayo, njengoko ubushushu busanda, ubuninzi be-viscosity buyancipha. Nangona kunjalo, ubuninzi be-viscosity bunefuthe eliphantsi lobushushu kune-methyl cellulose. Isisombululo sayo sizinzile xa sigcinwe kubushushu begumbi.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bayo bokongeza, i-viscosity, njl.njl., kwaye izinga layo lokugcina amanzi phantsi kobungakanani obufanayo bokongeza liphezulu kunele-methyl cellulose.
(4) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali, kwaye isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-pH=2~12. I-Caustic soda kunye namanzi ekalika azinampembelelo ingako ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa i-alkali inokukhawulezisa ukunyibilika kwayo kwaye yonyuse i-viscosity yayo. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwi-viscosity eqhelekileyo, kodwa xa uxinzelelo lwe-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ludla ngokwanda.
(5) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ingaxutywa nee-polymer compounds ezinyibilikayo emanzini ukuze zenze isisombululo esifanayo nesinoburhabaxa obuphezulu. Ezifana ne-polyvinyl alcohol, i-starch ether, i-vegetable gum, njl.njl.
(6) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokumelana ngcono kwee-enzyme kune-methylcellulose, kwaye isisombululo sayo asinakwenzeka ukuba sonakaliswe zii-enzyme kune-methylcellulose.
(7) Ukunamathela kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kulwakhiwo lwe-mortar kuphezulu kunoko kwe-methylcellulose.
3. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Yenziwe ngekotoni ecociweyo exutywe ne-alkali, kwaye ixutywe ne-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification agent xa kukho i-acetone. Ubungakanani bokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-1.5 ~ 2.0. Inamandla okuguquka kwamanzi kwaye kulula ukufunxa umswakama.
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyinyibilikisa emanzini ashushu. Isisombululo sayo sizinzile kubushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kokufaka ijeli. Ingasetyenziswa ixesha elide kubushushu obuphezulu kwi-mortar, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphantsi kune-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile kwi-asidi eqhelekileyo kunye ne-alkali. I-Alkali inokukhawulezisa ukunyibilika kwayo kwaye inyuse kancinci i-viscosity yayo. Ukusasazeka kwayo emanzini kubi kancinci kunokwe-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose inamandla amahle okulwa nokuwa kwesamente, kodwa inexesha elide lokulibazisa isamente.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose eveliswa ngamanye amashishini asekhaya ngokucacileyo kuphantsi kunokwe-methyl cellulose ngenxa yomthamo wayo wamanzi aphezulu kunye nomxholo womlotha ophezulu.
4. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
I-ether ye-ionic cellulose yenziwe ngeefayibha zendalo (ikotoni, njl.njl.) emva konyango lwe-alkali, kusetyenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherification agent, kwaye ifumana uthotho lweendlela zonyango. Ubungakanani bokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-0.4 ~ 1.4, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu bubungakanani bokutshintshwa.
(1) I-Carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic ngakumbi, kwaye iya kuba namanzi amaninzi xa igcinwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
(2) Isisombululo samanzi seCarboxymethyl cellulose asiyi kuvelisa ijeli, kwaye i-viscosity iya kuncipha xa ubushushu bunyuka. Xa ubushushu budlula i-50°C, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.
(3) Uzinzo lwayo luchaphazeleka kakhulu yi-pH. Ngokubanzi, ingasetyenziswa kwi-motar esekelwe kwi-gypsum, kodwa hayi kwi-motar esekelwe kwisamente. Xa i-alkaline eninzi, ilahlekelwa yi-viscosity.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphantsi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Inefuthe lokulibazisa kwi-motar esekwe kwi-gypsum kwaye inciphisa amandla ayo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-carboxymethyl cellulose liphantsi kakhulu kunele-methyl cellulose.
Umgubo werabha wepolymer ophinda unyibilike
Umgubo webhurabha ophinda ucocwe ucutshungulwa ngokutshiza i-emulsion ekhethekileyo ye-polymer. Kwinkqubo yokucubungula, i-colloid ekhuselayo, i-anti-caking agent, njl.njl. iba zezongezo eziyimfuneko. Umgubo webhurabha owomileyo ngamanye amasuntswana angqukuva angama-80 ~ 100mm aqokelelwe ndawonye. La masuntswana ayanyibilika emanzini kwaye enza ukusasazwa okuzinzileyo okukhulu kancinci kuneesuntswana ze-emulsion zokuqala. Olu sasazo luya kwenza ifilimu emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokomiswa. Le filimu ayinakuguqulwa njengokwenziwa kwefilimu ye-emulsion ngokubanzi, kwaye ayiyi kuphinda ichitheke xa idibana namanzi. Ukusasazwa.
Umgubo werabha ophinda uqhekeke ungahlulwahlulwa ube yi: i-styrene-butadiene copolymer, i-tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, i-ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, njl., kwaye ngokusekelwe koku, i-silicone, i-vinyl laurate, njl. ziyafakelwa ukuphucula ukusebenza. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula zenza umgubo werabha ophinda uqhekeke ube neepropati ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokumelana namanzi, ukumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nemozulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Iqulethe i-vinyl laurate kunye ne-silicone, enokwenza umgubo werabha ube ne-hydrophobicity elungileyo. I-vinyl tertiary carbonate ene-branched ephezulu enexabiso eliphantsi le-Tg kunye nokuguquguquka okuhle.
Xa olu hlobo lweempuphu zerabha zisetyenziswa kwi-mortar, zonke zinefuthe lokulibazisa kwixesha lokuseta i-samente, kodwa isiphumo sokulibazisa sincinci kuneso sokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-emulsions efanayo. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-styrene-butadiene inefuthe elikhulu lokulibazisa, kwaye i-ethylene-vinyl acetate inefuthe elincinci lokulibazisa. Ukuba idosi incinci kakhulu, isiphumo sokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mortar asibonakali.
Iifayibha zePolypropylene
Ifayibha yePolypropylene yenziwe ngepolypropylene njengezinto eziluhlaza kwaye inomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-modifier. Ububanzi befayibha ngokubanzi bumalunga ne-40 microns, amandla okuxinana yi-300 ~ 400mpa, i-modulus ye-elastic yi-≥3500mpa, kwaye ubude obupheleleyo yi-15 ~ 18%. Iimpawu zayo zokusebenza:
(1) Iifayibha zePolypropylene zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwiindlela ezintathu ezingacwangciswanga kwi-motar, zenza inkqubo yokuqinisa inethiwekhi. Ukuba i-1 kg yefayibha ye-polypropylene yongezwa kwitoni nganye ye-motar, kunokufunyanwa iifayibha ze-monofilament ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30.
(2) Ukongeza i-polypropylene fiber kwi-mortar kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuqhekeka kwe-mortar kwimeko yeplastiki. Nokuba ezi qhekeko ziyabonakala okanye azibonakali. Kwaye kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukopha komphezulu kunye nokuhlangana kwe-mortar entsha.
(3) Kwi-mortar eqinileyo, i-polypropylene fiber inokunciphisa kakhulu inani lee-deformation cracks. Oko kukuthi, xa i-mortar harding body ivelisa uxinzelelo ngenxa ye-deformation, inokumelana nokudlulisa uxinzelelo. Xa i-mortar harding body iqhekeka, inokuphelisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwincam ye-crack kwaye ithintele ukwanda kwe-crack.
(4) Ukusasazwa kweefayibha zepolypropylene ngokufanelekileyo kwimveliso yesamente kuya kuba yingxaki enzima. Izixhobo zokuxuba, uhlobo lwefayibha kunye nomthamo, umlinganiselo wesamente kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo yazo zonke ziya kuba zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukusasazeka.
iarhente yokungenisa umoya
I-air-entraining agent luhlobo lwe-surfactant enokwenza amaqamza omoya azinzileyo kwikhonkrithi entsha okanye kwi-mortar ngeendlela ezibonakalayo. Ingakumbi ziquka: i-rosin kunye nee-polymers zayo ezishushu, ii-surfactants ezingezizo ii-ionic, ii-alkylbenzene sulfonates, ii-lignosulfonates, ii-carboxylic acids kunye neetyuwa zazo, njl.
Ii-air-entraining agents zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ii-plastering mortars kunye nee-masonry mortars. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-air-entraining agent, kuza kubakho utshintsho oluthile ekusebenzeni kwe-mortar.
(1) Ngenxa yokungeniswa kwamaqamza omoya, ukulula nokwakhiwa kwesamente esandula ukuxutywa kunokwandiswa, kwaye ukopha kungancitshiswa.
(2) Ukusebenzisa nje i-air-entraining agent kuya kunciphisa amandla kunye nokuqina kwesikhunta esikwimortgage. Ukuba i-air-entraining agent kunye ne-air-reducing agent zisetyenziswa kunye, kwaye umlinganiselo ufanelekile, ixabiso lamandla aliyi kwehla.
(3) Ingaphucula kakhulu ukumelana neqabaka kwesamente esiqinileyo, iphucule ukungangenwa kwesamente, kwaye iphucule ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwesamente esiqinileyo.
(4) Iarhente yokungenisa umoya iya kunyusa umxholo womoya kwimota, nto leyo eya kwandisa ukuncitshiswa kwemota, kwaye ixabiso lokuncitshiswa linokwehliswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokongeza iarhente yokunciphisa amanzi.
Ekubeni ubungakanani be-arhente yokungenisa umoya eyongeziweyo buncinci kakhulu, ngokubanzi bubandakanya kuphela ishumi lamawaka lexabiso lilonke lezinto ezisebenzisa isamente, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ixutywe ngexesha lokwenziwa kwesamente; izinto ezifana neendlela zokuxuba kunye nexesha lokuxuba ziya kuchaphazela kakhulu ubungakanani be-air-entraining. Ke ngoko, phantsi kweemeko zangoku zemveliso yasekhaya kunye nokwakhiwa, ukongeza ii-arhente zokungenisa umoya kwisamente kufuna umsebenzi omninzi wovavanyo.
iarhente yamandla kwangethuba
Ezisetyenziselwa ukuphucula amandla okuqala ekhonkrithi kunye nodaka, ii-sulfate zamandla okuqala zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulu kuquka i-sodium sulfate, i-sodium thiosulfate, i-aluminium sulfate kunye ne-potassium aluminium sulfate.
Ngokubanzi, i-sodium sulfate engenamanzi isetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye idosi yayo iphantsi kwaye isiphumo samandla okuqala silungile, kodwa ukuba idosi inkulu kakhulu, iya kubangela ukwanda nokuqhekeka kwinqanaba lokugqibela, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kuya kwenzeka ukubuya kwe-alkali, okuya kuchaphazela imbonakalo kunye nesiphumo somaleko womphezulu.
I-calcium formate ikwayi-antifreeze agent elungileyo. Ine-effect entle yokuqina kwasekuqaleni, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, iyahambelana kakuhle nezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye iipropati ezininzi zingcono kune-sulfate early strength agents, kodwa ixabiso liphezulu.
isithinteli-qhwa
Ukuba i-mortar isetyenziswa kubushushu obuphantsi, ukuba akukho manyathelo athathwayo okuthintela ukukhenkceza, kuya kwenzeka umonakalo kwi-frost kwaye amandla omzimba oqinileyo aya kutshatyalaliswa. I-antifreeze ithintela umonakalo kwi-friction kwiindlela ezimbini zokuthintela ukukhenkceza kunye nokuphucula amandla okuqala e-mortar.
Phakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ekunqandeni ukuqandisa, i-calcium nitrite kunye ne-sodium nitrite zineziphumo ezilungileyo zokunqandisa ukuqandisa. Ekubeni i-calcium nitrite ingenazo i-potassium kunye ne-sodium ions, inokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-alkali aggregate xa isetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuphantsi kancinci xa isetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi, ngelixa i-sodium nitrite isebenza ngcono. I-antifreeze isetyenziswa kunye ne-ejenti yamandla okuqala kunye ne-water reducer ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo ezanelisayo. Xa i-mortar exutywe nomileyo kunye ne-antifreeze isetyenziswa kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu, ubushushu bomxube kufuneka bunyuswe ngokufanelekileyo, njengokuxuba namanzi afudumeleyo.
Ukuba ubungakanani be-antifreeze buphezulu kakhulu, buya kunciphisa amandla e-mortar kwinqanaba lokugqibela, kwaye umphezulu we-mortar eqinileyo uya kuba neengxaki ezifana nokubuyela kwe-alkali, okuya kuchaphazela inkangeleko kunye nefuthe lomaleko womphezulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Jan-16-2023