Cellulose ether
Cellulose ether izwi rekuti zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nekuita kwealkali cellulose uye etherifying agent pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Alkali cellulose inotsiviwa nemaether akasiyana e ether kuti iwane ether dzakasiyana dze cellulose. Zvichienderana nehunhu hwe ionization hwezvinhu zvinotsiva, ether dze cellulose dzinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: ionic (senge carboxymethyl cellulose) uye non-ionic (senge methyl cellulose). Zvichienderana nerudzi rwe substituent, ether ye cellulose inogona kukamurwa kuita monoether (senge methyl cellulose) uye mixed ether (senge hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Zvichienderana nekunyungudika kwakasiyana, inogona kukamurwa kuita water-soluble (senge hydroxyethyl cellulose) uye organic solvent-soluble (senge ethyl cellulose), nezvimwewo. Dry-mixed mortar inonyanya kunyungudika mumvura, uye water-soluble cellulose yakakamurwa kuita instant type uye surface treated delayed dissolve type.
Maitiro ekuita kwe cellulose ether mudhaka ndeaya anotevera:
(1) Mushure mekunge cellulose ether iri mumortar yanyungudika mumvura, kupararira kwakafanana uye kunoshanda kwezvinhu zvinosimbisa mumortar kunovimbiswa nekuda kwebasa repamusoro, uye cellulose ether, se colloid inodzivirira, "inoputira" zvidimbu zvakasimba uye Rutivi rwefirimu rinozora runoumbwa pamusoro paro wekunze, izvo zvinoita kuti mortar system igadzikane, uye zvakare inovandudza kuyerera kwemortar panguva yekusanganisa uye kutsetseka kwekuvaka.
(2) Nekuda kwemaumbirwo ayo emamorekuru, mushonga we cellulose ether unoita kuti mvura iri mumota isarasikirwe nyore nyore, uye inoiburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma kwenguva yakareba, zvichiita kuti mota irambe iine mvura uye inokwanisa kushanda zvakanaka.
1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Mushure mekunge donje rakanatswa ragadziriswa nealkali, cellulose ether inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekuita kwakasiyana-siyana nemethane chloride se etherification agent. Kazhinji, mwero wekutsiva i1.6 ~ 2.0, uye kunyungudika kwakasiyanawo nemwero wakasiyana wekutsiva. Ndewe non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, uye zvichave zvakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Mvura yayo inonyungudika zvikuru muhuwandu hwepH=3~12. Inoenderana zvakanaka nestarch, guar gum, nezvimwewo uye masurfactants akawanda. Kana tembiricha yasvika patembiricha yegelation, gelation inoitika.
(2) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, kupfava kwezvikamu uye mwero wekunyungudika. Kazhinji, kana huwandu hwekuwedzera huri hukuru, kupfava kuri kudiki, uye viscosity yakakura, mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira. Pakati pazvo, huwandu hwekuwedzera hune simba guru pahuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura, uye mwero we viscosity hauenderane zvakananga nemwero wekuchengetedza mvura. Mwero wekunyungudika unonyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwepamusoro kwezvikamu zve cellulose uye kupfava kwezvikamu. Pakati peethers dze cellulose dziri pamusoro apa, methyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zvine mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira.
(3) Kuchinja kwetembiricha kuchakanganisa zvakanyanya mwero wekuchengetedza mvura yemethyl cellulose. Kazhinji, tembiricha yakakwira, kuchengetedza mvura kwakaipa. Kana tembiricha yemortar ikapfuura 40°C, kuchengetedza mvura yemethyl cellulose kuchaderera zvakanyanya, zvichikanganisa zvikuru kuvaka mortar.
(4) Methyl cellulose ine simba guru pakuvakwa nekunamirwa kwedhaka. "Kunamirwa" pano kunoreva simba rinonamirwa riri pakati pechishandiso chemushandi nemadziro, kureva kuti, kuramba kuchekwa kwedhaka. Kunamirwa kwacho kwakanyanya, kuramba kuchekwa kwedhaka kwakakura, uye simba rinodiwa nevashandi mukushandiswa kwacho rakakurawo, uye mashandiro ekuvaka kwedhaka haana kunaka. Kunamirwa kweMethyl cellulose kuri padanho repakati muzvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imhando ye cellulose ine kubuda kwayo uye kushandiswa kwayo kwave kuwedzera nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura. I non-ionic cellulose mixed ether yakagadzirwa nedonje rakacheneswa mushure mekugadziriswa kwe alkali, ichishandisa propylene oxide ne methyl chloride se etherification agent, kuburikidza nematanho akasiyana-siyana. Dhigirii rekutsiva rinowanzova 1.2 ~ 2.0. Hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana nekuda kwehuwandu hwakasiyana hwe methoxyl nehuwandu hwe hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura inotonhora, uye inosangana nematambudziko pakunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Asi tembiricha yayo ye gelation mumvura inopisa yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura yemethyl cellulose. Kunyungudika mumvura inotonhora kwakawedzerawo zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nemethyl cellulose.
(2) Kuwanda kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwakabatana nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru, uye kana huremu hwemamorekuru hwakakura, kuwanda kwesimba. Tembiricha inokanganisawo kuwanda kwayo, sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera, kuderera kwesimba. Zvisinei, kuwanda kwayo kune tembiricha yakaderera pane methyl cellulose. Mhinduro yayo inogara yakagadzikana kana yakachengetwa patembiricha yemumba.
(3) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, nezvimwewo, uye mwero wayo wekuchengetedza mvura pasi pehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera hwakakwira kupfuura hwemethyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogara yakasimba kune acid nealkali, uye mvura yayo inogadzikana zvakanyanya muhuwandu hwe pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda nemvura ye lime hazvina zvazvinobatsira pakushanda kwayo, asi alkali inogona kukurumidzisa kunyungudika kwayo uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogara yakasimba kune common salts, asi kana huwandu hwemunyu hwakakwira, viscosity ye hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution inowanzo kuwedzera.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogona kusanganiswa nepolymer inonyungudika mumvura kuti igadzire mhinduro yakafanana uye yakakwira ye viscosity. Zvakadai se polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, nezvimwewo.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ine simba riri nani rekudzivirira ma enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose, uye mhinduro yayo hainyanyi kukanganiswa nema enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose.
(7) Kubatana kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose mukugadzirwa kwemortar kwakakwirira kupfuura kwemethylcellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Yakagadzirwa nedonje rakanatswa rakarungwa nealkali, uye inosanganiswa ne ethylene oxide se etherification agent kana paine acetone. Mwero wekutsiva unowanzova 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ine hydration yakasimba uye iri nyore kunyudza hunyoro.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, asi inonetsa kunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Mhinduro yayo inogara yakasimba pakupisa kwakanyanya pasina gelling. Inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya mumortar, asi kuchengetedza kwayo mvura kwakaderera pane kwemethyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inogara yakasimba kune general acid nealkali. Alkali inogona kukurumidzisa kunyungudika kwayo uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo zvishoma. Kupararira kwayo mumvura kwakaipa zvishoma pane kwemethyl cellulose nehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kudonha kwesimbi, asi simende inononoka kwenguva yakareba.
(4) Kushanda kwehydroxyethyl cellulose inogadzirwa nemamwe mabhizinesi emuno kuri pachena kuti kwakaderera pane kwemethyl cellulose nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwemvura yakawanda uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemadota.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether inogadzirwa kubva mufibers dzechisikigo (donje, nezvimwewo) mushure mekurapwa nealkali, uchishandisa sodium monochloroacetate se etherification agent, uye uchirapwa kakawanda. Dhigirii rekutsiva rinowanzova 0.4 ~ 1.4, uye mashandiro aro anokanganiswa zvakanyanya nedhigirii rekutsiva.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose inonyanya kuchena, uye ine mvura yakawanda kana ikachengetwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution haizobudisi gel, uye viscosity ichaderera nekuwedzera kwekupisa. Kana tembiricha ikapfuura 50°C, viscosity haidzoreki.
(3) Kugadzikana kwayo kunokanganiswa zvakanyanya ne pH. Kazhinji, inogona kushandiswa mu gypsum-based mortar, asi kwete mu cement-based mortar. Kana yakanyanya alkaline, inorasikirwa ne viscosity.
(4) Kuchengetwa kwayo kwemvura kwakaderera zvikuru pane kwemethyl cellulose. Ine simba rekunonoka pamota yakagadzirwa negypsum uye inoderedza simba rayo. Zvisinei, mutengo wecarboxymethyl cellulose wakaderera zvakanyanya pane wemethyl cellulose.
Upfu hwerabha hwepolymer hunonyungudika zvakare
Upfu hwerabha hunodzokororwa hunogadziriswa nekuomeswa kwepurasitiki yepolymer. Mukugadzirisa, colloid inodzivirira, anti-caking agent, nezvimwewo zvinova zvinhu zvisingadiwi. Upfu hwerabha hwakaomeswa hunenge huri zvidimbu zvakatenderera zve 80 ~ 100mm zvakaunganidzwa pamwe chete. Zvikamu izvi zvinonyungudika mumvura uye zvinoumba kupararira kwakasimba kwakakura zvishoma pane zvimedu zvepakutanga zve emulsion. Kupararira uku kuchaumba firimu mushure mekushaya mvura uye kuoma. Firimu iri haridzoreki sekuumbwa kwefirimu re emulsion, uye harizodzokororwi kana rasangana nemvura. Kupararira.
Upfu hwerabha hunosanganiswa hunogona kukamurwa kuita: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, nezvimwewo, uye zvichibva pane izvi, silicone, vinyl laurate, nezvimwewo zvinobatanidzwa kuti zvivandudze mashandiro. Matanho akasiyana ekugadzirisa anoita kuti upfu hwerabha hunosanganiswa huve nehunhu hwakasiyana hwakadai sekudzivirira mvura, kurwisa alkali, kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze uye kuchinjika. Ine vinyl laurate nesilicone, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti upfu hwerabha huve nehunyoro hwakanaka. Vinyl tertiary carbonate ine matavi akawanda ine Tg shoma uye kuchinjika kwakanaka.
Kana mhando idzi dzeupfu hwerabha dzikaiswa padhaka, dzese dzine mhedzisiro yekunonoka panguva yekuiswa kwesimende, asi mhedzisiro yekunonoka idiki pane iyo yekushandiswa zvakananga kwe emulsions dzakafanana. Kana tichienzanisa, styrene-butadiene ine mhedzisiro yakakura yekunonoka, uye ethylene-vinyl acetate ine mhedzisiro diki yekunonoka. Kana dosi iri diki zvakanyanya, mhedzisiro yekuvandudza mashandiro edhaka haisi pachena.
Mafayi ePolypropylene
Polypropylene fiber inogadzirwa nepolypropylene sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwemodifier. Upamhi hwefiber hunowanzoita ma microns makumi mana, simba rekudhonza i300~400mpa, elastic modulus i≥3500mpa, uye kureba kwekupedzisira i15~18%. Hunhu hwayo hwekushanda:
(1) Mafiber epolypropylene anogoverwa zvakaenzana munzira dzakasiyana-siyana mumortar, zvichiita kuti pave ne network reinforcement system. Kana 1 kg yepolypropylene fiber ikawedzerwa patani yega yega yemortar, mafiber emonofilament anopfuura mamiriyoni makumi matatu anogona kuwanikwa.
(2) Kuwedzera polypropylene fiber mudhaka kunogona kuderedza zvinobudirira kupwanyika kwedhaka kana rava mupurasitiki. Kunyangwe zvidimbu izvi zvichionekwa here kana kuti kwete. Uye zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kubuda kweropa pamusoro uye kuungana kwedhaka idzva.
(3) Pamuviri wakaomeswa nemortar, polypropylene fiber inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwemaburi ekuchinjika. Kureva kuti, kana muviri wakaomeswa nemortar uchiita kuti pave nekumanikidzwa nekuda kwekushanduka, unogona kuramba uye kutumira kushushikana. Kana muviri wakaomeswa nemortar ukaputsika, unogona kudzikamisa huwandu hwemaburi ekumanikidzwa pamucheto wemutswe uye kudzikamisa kukura kwemutswe.
(4) Kupararira zvakanaka kwefiber yepolypropylene mukugadzirwa kwemortar kuchava dambudziko rakaoma. Midziyo yekusanganisa, rudzi rwefiber uye chiyero, chiyero chemortar uye mafambiro ayo zvese zvichave zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kupararira.
chinhu chinopinza mweya
Air-entraining agent imhando yesurfactant inogona kugadzira mabubble emhepo akasimba mukongiri itsva kana mortar nenzira dzepanyama. Zvikuru zvinosanganisira: rosin nemapolymer ayo ekupisa, non-ionic surfactants, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignosulfonates, carboxylic acids nemunyu wayo, nezvimwewo.
Zvinhu zvinopinza mhepo (air-entraining agents) zvinowanzo shandiswa kugadzira madhaka ekupurasita nemadhaka ekugadzira masonry. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwechinhu chinopinza mhepo, pane shanduko dzakati wandei mukushanda kwedhaka.
(1) Nekuda kwekuuya kwemabubble emhepo, nyore uye kugadzirwa kwedhaka idzva rakasanganiswa kunogona kuwedzerwa, uye kubuda ropa kunogona kuderedzwa.
(2) Kushandisa chinhu chinopinza mhepo chete kunoderedza simba uye kutwasuka kwechinhu chiri mudura. Kana chinhu chinopinza mhepo uye chinhu chinoderedza mvura zvikashandiswa pamwe chete, uye chiyero chacho chakakodzera, simba harizodziki.
(3) Inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kusimba kwechando chedhaka rakaomeswa, kuvandudza kusapinda kwedhaka, uye kuvandudza kusimba kwedhaka rakaomeswa.
(4) Chinhu chinopinza mhepo chichawedzera huwandu hwemhepo mumota, izvo zvichawedzera kuderera kwemota, uye kukosha kwekuderera kunogona kuderedzwa zvakakodzera nekuwedzera chinhu chinoderedza mvura.
Sezvo huwandu hwechinhu chinopinza mhepo mumhepo chakawedzerwa hushoma, kazhinji huchingoverengera zviuru gumi zvehuwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvinosimbisa simende, zvinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvakayerwa nemazvo uye zvakasanganiswa panguva yekugadzira dhaka; zvinhu zvakaita senzira dzekukurunga nenguva yekukurunga zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya huwandu hwechinhu chinopinza mhepo mumhepo. Naizvozvo, pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira epamba nekuvaka aripo, kuwedzera zvinhu zvinopinza mhepo mudhaka kunoda basa rakawanda rekuyedza.
mushonga wesimba rekutanga
Zvinoshandiswa kuvandudza simba rekutanga rekongiri nedhaka, sulfate early strength agents dzinowanzo shandiswa, dzinosanganisira sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, aluminum sulfate uye potassium aluminium sulfate.
Kazhinji, anhydrous sodium sulfate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye chiyero chayo chakaderera uye simba rekutanga rakanaka, asi kana chiyero chacho chakanyanya kukura, chichaita kuti pave nekutsemuka uye kutsemuka muchikamu chekupedzisira, uye panguva imwe chete, kudzoka kwealkali kuchaitika, izvo zvichakanganisa chitarisiko uye mhedzisiro yerukoko rwekushongedza pamusoro.
Calcium formate inoshandawo zvakanaka pakudzivirira kutonhora. Ine simba rakanaka pakutanga, haina migumisiro yakawanda, inoenderana zvakanaka nezvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganiswa, uye zvakawanda zviri nani pane sulfate, asi mutengo wakakwira.
mushonga unodzivirira kutonhora
Kana dhaka rikashandiswa pakupisa kusina kunaka, kana pasina matanho ekudzivirira chando akatorwa, chando chichakuvara uye simba remuviri wakaoma richaparadzwa. Kudzivirira chando kunodzivirira kukuvara kwechando kubva munzira mbiri dzekudzivirira chando uye kuvandudza simba rekutanga redhaka.
Pakati pezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa zvinodzivirira kutonhora, calcium nitrite nesodium nitrite zvine simba guru rekudzivirira kutonhora. Sezvo calcium nitrite isina potassium nesodium ions, inogona kuderedza kuwanda kwealkali aggregate kana ikashandiswa mukongiri, asi kushanda kwayo kwakaderera zvishoma kana ikashandiswa mukongiri, nepo sodium nitrite ichikwanisa kushanda zviri nani. Antifreeze inoshandiswa pamwe chete ne early strength agent uye water reducer kuti iwane mhedzisiro inogutsa. Kana dry-mixed mortar ine antifreeze ikashandiswa pa ultra-low negative temperature, tembiricha yemusanganiswa inofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera, sekusanganisa nemvura inodziya.
Kana huwandu hweantifreeze hwakanyanya, hunoderedza simba remota padanho rekupedzisira, uye pamusoro pemota yakaoma pachava nematambudziko akadai sekudzokera kwealkali, izvo zvinokanganisa chitarisiko uye mhedzisiro yerukoko rwekushongedza pamusoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-16-2023