01 Pumulani pang'onopang'ono ndipo gwirani kumbuyo
Utoto ukaphikidwa, utoto suuma kwa nthawi yoposa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa, yomwe imatchedwa kuuma pang'onopang'ono. Ngati utotowo wapangidwa, koma pali chochita chomatira chala, umatchedwa kumamatira kumbuyo.
Zifukwa:
1. Filimu yopaka utoto yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsuka ndi yokhuthala kwambiri.
2. Utoto woyamba usanaume, ikani utoto wina.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika choumitsira.
4. Pamwamba pa nthaka sipali poyera.
5. Pamwamba pa nthaka sipauma konse.
Njira:
1. Kuti mpweya uume pang'onopang'ono komanso kuti ukhale wochepa, mpweya wabwino ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndipo kutentha kumatha kukwezedwa moyenera.
2. Pa utoto womwe umauma pang'onopang'ono kapena womwe umamatira kwambiri kumbuyo, uyenera kutsukidwa ndi solvent yamphamvu ndikupoperanso.
02
Kupaka Ufa: Pambuyo popaka utoto, utotowo umakhala ngati ufa
Zifukwa:
1. Kukana kwa utomoni wopaka ndi kofooka.
2. Kusakonza bwino pamwamba pa khoma.
3. Kutentha kwa nthawi yopaka utoto kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti filimu isapangidwe bwino.
4. Utoto umasakanizidwa ndi madzi ambiri akamapaka utoto.
Yankho la choko:
Tsukani ufawo poyamba, kenako pukutani ndi chotsukira bwino, kenako pukutaninso utoto weniweni wa miyala kuti ukhale wolimba komanso wotetezeka ku nyengo.
03
kusintha kwa mtundu ndi kutha
chifukwa:
1. Chinyezi chomwe chili mu substrate chimakhala chokwera kwambiri, ndipo mchere wosungunuka m'madzi umauma pamwamba pa khoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wake usinthe komanso kutha.
2. Utoto weniweni wa miyala supangidwa ndi mchenga wachilengedwe, ndipo maziko ake ndi amchere, zomwe zimawononga utoto kapena utomoni chifukwa cha kukana kofooka kwa alkali.
3. Nyengo yoipa.
4. Kusankha kosayenera kwa zinthu zokutira.
Yankho:
Ngati mukuona izi panthawi yomanga, choyamba mutha kupukuta kapena kufoshola pamwamba pake, kusiya simenti kuti iume bwino, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chosindikizira chotseka ndikusankha utoto weniweni wamwala.
04
kutsekeka ndi kuphulika
chifukwa:
Chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri cha zinthu zoyambira, kukonza pamwamba sikoyera, ndipo njira yotsukira si yolondola kapena kugwiritsa ntchito primer yosakwanira kudzapangitsa kuti utoto uchoke pamwamba pa nthaka.
Yankho:
Pankhaniyi, choyamba muyenera kuyang'ana ngati khoma likutuluka madzi. Ngati pali kutuluka madzi, choyamba muyenera kuthetsa vuto la kutuluka madzi. Kenako, chotsani utoto wochotsedwa ndi zinthu zotayirira, ikani putty yolimba pamwamba pa vutolo, kenako tsekani primer.
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chithuza
Pambuyo poti utoto waumitsa, pamwamba pake padzakhala ma thovu a kukula kosiyanasiyana, omwe amatha kusinthasintha pang'ono akakanikiza ndi dzanja.
chifukwa:
1. Gawo loyambira ndi lonyowa, ndipo madzi akamatuluka m'madzi zimapangitsa kuti utoto ukhale ndi matuza.
2. Mukapopera, mumakhala nthunzi ya madzi mumpweya wopanikizika, womwe umasakanizidwa ndi utoto.
3. Chophimbacho sichimauma kwathunthu, ndipo chophimbacho chimayikidwanso mvula ikagwa. Chophimbacho chikauma, mpweya umapangidwa kuti unyamule chophimbacho.
Yankho:
Ngati utoto wa utoto wayamba kuoneka ngati uli ndi matuza pang'ono, ukhoza kutsukidwa ndi sandpaper yamadzi utoto utatha kuuma, kenako topcoat imakonzedwa; ngati utoto wa utoto uli woopsa kwambiri, utoto wa utoto uyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo maziko ake ayenera kukhala ouma, kenako pukutani utoto weniweni wa miyala.
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Kuyika zigawo (komwe kumatchedwanso kuti kuluma pansi)
Chifukwa cha zochitika za layering ndi:
Mukatsuka, chotsukira sichimauma konse, ndipo chopyapyala cha pamwamba chimakwiyitsa chotsukira chapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utoto uchepe ndikusenda.
Yankho:
Kapangidwe ka chophimbacho kayenera kuchitika malinga ndi nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa, chophimbacho sichiyenera kupakidwa mokhuthala kwambiri, ndipo chophimba chapamwamba chiyenera kupakidwa pambuyo poti pulasitala yauma kwathunthu.
07
Kutsika
Pamalo omangira nyumba, utoto nthawi zambiri umapezeka ukugwa kapena ukudontha kuchokera m'makoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale ngati kung'ambika kapena kugwedezeka, komwe kumadziwika kuti madontho a misozi.
Chifukwa chake ndi ichi:
1. Filimu ya utoto imakhala yokhuthala kwambiri nthawi imodzi.
2. Chiŵerengero cha dilution ndi chachikulu kwambiri.
3. Pakani pa utoto wakale womwe sunapake mchenga.
Yankho:
1. Pakani kangapo, nthawi iliyonse ndi wosanjikiza woonda.
2. Chepetsani chiŵerengero cha dilution.
3. Pukutani utoto wakale wa chinthu chomwe chikupukutidwa ndi sandpaper.
08
Makwinya: Pepala la utoto limapanga makwinya ozungulira
chifukwa:
1. Filimu ya utoto ndi yokhuthala kwambiri ndipo pamwamba pake pamachepa.
2. Utoto wachiwiri ukapakidwa, utoto woyamba sunaumebe.
3. Kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri mukauma.
Yankho:
Kuti mupewe izi, pewani kupaka utoto wokhuthala kwambiri ndipo pukutani mofanana. Pakati pa utoto iwiri iyenera kukhala yokwanira, ndipo ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti utoto woyamba wa utoto ndi wouma bwino musanagwiritse ntchito utoto wachiwiri.
09
Kupezeka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa m'malo osiyanasiyana n'koopsa
chifukwa:
Malo osanjikiza pamwamba sanayang'ane momwe malo ogwirira ntchito amagawidwira pa gridi panthawi yomanga, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti awoneke ngati akugubuduzika.
Yankho:
Pa ntchito yomanga, gawo lililonse lomanga liyenera kutsatiridwa kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa malo. Nthawi yomweyo, titha kusankha zokutira zothandizira zomwe zimaletsa kukalamba, kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, zomwe zingatsimikizirenso kuchepa kwa kuipitsidwa kwa malo.
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Kusafanana kwakukulu kwa kupopera
chifukwa:
Malo akuluakulu a simenti amachititsa kuti nthawi youma ichepe pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ming'alu ndi mabowo zigwe; MT-217 bentonite imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto weniweni wa miyala, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kosalala komanso kosavuta kukanda.
Yankho:
Chitani ntchito yogawa pakati pa nyumba, ndipo gwirizanitsani bwino matopewo panthawi yopaka pulasitala pa maziko a nyumba.
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Kuyera kukakhudzana ndi madzi, kukana madzi bwino
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Utoto wina weniweni wa miyala umasanduka woyera ukatsukidwa ndi kunyowa ndi mvula, ndipo umabwerera momwe unalili poyamba nyengo ikakhala bwino. Izi zikusonyeza kuti utoto weniweni wa miyala suli ndi madzi okwanira.
1. Ubwino wa emulsion ndi wotsika
Pofuna kulimbitsa kukhazikika kwa emulsion, ma emulsion otsika kapena otsika nthawi zambiri amawonjezera ma surfactants ambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kukana kwa madzi kwa emulsion yokha.
2. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta odzola ndi kochepa kwambiri
Mtengo wa emulsion yapamwamba kwambiri ndi wokwera. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, wopanga amangowonjezera emulsion yochepa, kotero kuti filimu ya utoto weniweni wa miyala ikhale yomasuka komanso yosakhuthala mokwanira ikauma, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amayamwa pa filimu ya utoto kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu yolumikizana imachepa mofanana. Mu nyengo yamvula, madzi amvula amalowa mu filimu ya utoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utoto weniweni wa miyala ukhale woyera.
3. Chokhuthala kwambiri
Opanga akamapanga utoto weniweni wa miyala, nthawi zambiri amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ndi zina zotero ngati zokhuthala. Zinthuzi zimasungunuka m'madzi kapena zimalowa m'madzi, ndipo zimakhalabe mu utotowo pambuyo poti utotowo wapangidwa kukhala filimu. Zimachepetsa kwambiri kukana kwa madzi kwa utotowo.
Yankho:
1. Sankhani mafuta odzola abwino kwambiri
Opanga akuyenera kusankha ma polima a acrylic okhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri omwe amakana madzi ngati zinthu zopangira filimu kuti awonjezere kukana madzi kwa utoto weniweni wa miyala kuchokera ku gwero.
2. Wonjezerani chiŵerengero cha emulsion
Wopanga akuyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa emulsion, ndikuchita mayeso ambiri oyerekeza kuchuluka kwa emulsion yeniyeni ya utoto wa miyala yomwe yawonjezeredwa kuti atsimikizire kuti utoto wokhuthala komanso wathunthu wapezeka pambuyo poti utoto weniweni wa miyala wagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti uletse kulowa kwa madzi amvula.
3. Sinthani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zophikira madzi
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chinthucho chili chokhazikika komanso chogwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zinthu zokonda madzi monga cellulose. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupeza malo enieni oyezera, zomwe zimafuna opanga kuti aphunzire za makhalidwe a zinthu zokonda madzi monga cellulose kudzera mu mayeso ambiri obwerezabwereza. Chiŵerengero choyenera. Sikuti chimangotsimikizira zotsatira za chinthucho, komanso chimachepetsa mphamvu ya kukana madzi.
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Spray spray, zinyalala zazikulu
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Utoto weniweni wa miyala umataya mchenga kapena umathiridwa popopera. Pa milandu yoopsa, pafupifupi theka la utotowo ukhoza kutayidwa.
1. Kusanja miyala molakwika
Tinthu tachilengedwe ta miyala yophwanyika mu utoto weniweni wa miyala sitingagwiritse ntchito tinthu ta kukula kofanana, ndipo tiyenera kusakanizidwa ndikugwirizana ndi tinthu ta kukula kosiyanasiyana.
2. Ntchito yomanga yosayenera
Mwina kukula kwa mfuti yopopera ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa mfuti yopopera sikunasankhidwe bwino ndipo zinthu zina zingayambitsenso kupopera.
3. Kusasinthasintha kosayenera kwa kuvala
Kusasintha bwino mtundu wa utoto kungayambitsenso kutayika kwa mchenga ndi kupopera madzi popopera, zomwe zimawononga zinthu kwambiri.
Yankho:
1. Sinthani kuyika miyala
Kudzera mu kuwona malo omangira, zapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri miyala yachilengedwe yophwanyika yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kungapangitse kuti kapangidwe ka pamwamba pa utoto kakhale kochepa; kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri miyala yophwanyika yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri kungayambitse kupopera ndi kutayika kwa mchenga kuti zigwirizane.
2. Sinthani ntchito zomanga
Ngati ndi mfuti, muyenera kusintha mphamvu ya mfuti ndi mphamvu yake.
3. Sinthani kusinthasintha kwa utoto
Ngati kusinthasintha kwa utoto ndiko chifukwa chake, kusinthasinthako kuyenera kusinthidwa.
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utoto weniweni wa miyala
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
1. Mphamvu ya pH ya maziko, ngati pH ndi yoposa 9, idzapangitsa kuti maluwa ayambe kuphuka.
2. Pa nthawi yomanga, makulidwe osafanana amatha kuphuka. Kuphatikiza apo, utoto wochepa kwambiri wa miyala komanso utoto wochepa kwambiri ungayambitsenso kuphuka.
3. Pakupanga utoto weniweni wa miyala, kuchuluka kwa cellulose kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maluwa aphuke.
Yankho:
1. Yang'anirani bwino pH ya maziko, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito choyambira chotseka chomwe sichingagwere mu alkali kuti chiteteze kuuma kwa zinthu za alkali.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, musadule ngodya, kuchuluka kwa utoto weniweni wa miyala ndi pafupifupi 3.0-4.5kg/mraba mita.
3. Yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera ngati chokhuthala m'njira yoyenera.
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Utoto weniweni wa miyala ukuoneka wachikasu
Kuwoneka kwachikasu kwa utoto weniweni wa miyala kungoti mtunduwo umakhala wachikasu, zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe ake.
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito ma emulsions otsika a acrylic ngati zomangira. Ma emulsionswo amawola akamakumana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kuchokera ku dzuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zamitundu zisinthe, kenako n’kupangitsa kuti zinthuzo zisinthe kukhala zachikasu.
Yankho:
Opanga akuyenera kusankha ma emulsion apamwamba ngati zomangira kuti akonze bwino zinthu.
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Filimu yopaka ndi yofewa kwambiri
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Filimu yoyenerera ya utoto wa miyala yeniyeni idzakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo singathe kukokedwa ndi misomali. Filimu yofewa kwambiri ya utoto imachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kusankha kosayenera kwa emulsion kapena kuchepa kwa zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utotowo usaume bwino pamene utotowo upangidwa.
Yankho:
Popanga utoto weniweni wa miyala, opanga amafunika kuti asasankhe emulsion yofanana ndi utoto wa latex, koma asankhe yankho lophatikizana lomwe lili ndi mgwirizano waukulu komanso kutentha kochepa kopanga filimu.
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Kusintha kwa chromatic
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Utoto womwewo sugwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lomwelo, ndipo pali kusiyana kwa mitundu pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya utoto. Mtundu wa utoto weniweni wa miyala umatsimikiziridwa kwathunthu ndi mtundu wa mchenga ndi miyala. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka geological, gulu lililonse la mchenga wamitundu lidzakhala ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu. Chifukwa chake, polowetsa zinthu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wamitundu womwe umakonzedwa ndi gulu lomwelo la miyala. Zonsezi kuti muchepetse kusokonekera kwa chromatic. Utoto ukasungidwa, utoto woyika kapena woyandama umawonekera pamwamba, ndipo susunthidwa mokwanira musanapopere.
Yankho:
Utoto womwewo uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma lomwelo momwe zingathere; utotowo uyenera kuyikidwa m'magulu nthawi yosungira; uyenera kusunthidwa mokwanira musanapopere musanagwiritse ntchito; popereka zinthu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga womwewo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana wokonzedwa ndi miyala, ndipo mtanda wonse uyenera kutumizidwa kunja nthawi imodzi.
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Kuphimba kosagwirizana ndi ziputu zoonekeratu
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Utoto womwewo sugwiritsidwa ntchito; utotowo umayikidwa m'magawo kapena pamwamba pake pamakhala kuyandama panthawi yosungira, ndipo utotowo sunasakanizidwe mokwanira musanapopere, ndipo kukhuthala kwa utoto kumakhala kosiyana; kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumakhala kosakhazikika panthawi yopopera; kukula kwa nozzle ya mfuti yopopera kumasintha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kapena zolakwika pakuyika popopera; Chiŵerengero chosakaniza sichili cholondola, kusakaniza kwa zinthu sikuli kofanana; makulidwe a chophimbacho si ogwirizana; mabowo omangira satsekedwa pakapita nthawi kapena kudzazidwa pambuyo pake kumayambitsa chiputu chodziwikiratu; Kukonzekera chiputu kuti chipange chiputu chapamwamba kumawoneka bwino.
Yankho:
Ogwira ntchito kapena opanga apadera ayenera kukonzedwa kuti azilamulira zinthu zokhudzana ndi izi monga kusakaniza ndi kusinthasintha; mabowo omangira kapena mipata ya scaffolding iyenera kutsekedwa ndikukonzedwa pasadakhale; utoto womwewo uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe mungathere; utoto uyenera kusungidwa m'magulu, ndipo uyenera kusunthidwa mokwanira musanapopere. Gwiritsani ntchito mofanana; yang'anani nozzle ya mfuti yopopera panthawi yake mukapopera, ndikusintha kuthamanga kwa nozzle; panthawi yomanga, zinyalala ziyenera kuponyedwa ku msoko wa sub-grid kapena pamalo pomwe chitoliro sichikuonekera. Kukhuthala kwa kupaka, kuti tipewe kuphimba kofanana kuti tipange mithunzi yosiyanasiyana.
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Kuphimba matuza, kutupa, kusweka
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Chinyezi cha gawo loyambira chimakhala chokwera kwambiri panthawi yomanga chophimba; matope a simenti ndi gawo loyambira la konkriti sizili zolimba mokwanira chifukwa cha zaka zosakwanira kapena kutentha kotsika kwambiri, mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka matope osakanikirana ndi otsika kwambiri, kapena chiŵerengero chosakaniza panthawi yomanga sichili cholondola; palibe pansi potsekedwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito Chophimba; chophimba chapamwamba chimayikidwa pamwamba pake chisanaume bwino; gawo loyambira lasweka, pulasitala wapansi sugawika monga momwe zimafunikira, kapena mabuloko ogawika ndi akulu kwambiri; malo omangira a simenti ndi akulu kwambiri, ndipo kuuma kwake kumachepa, komwe kumapanga dzenje ndi ming'alu, kutsekeka kwa gawo loyambira komanso kusweka kwa gawo lozungulira; matope a simenti sapakidwa m'magawo kuti atsimikizire mtundu wa pulasitala wa gawo loyambira; kupopera kwambiri nthawi imodzi, kuphimba kwambiri, ndi kusungunuka kosayenera; zolakwika pakugwira ntchito kwa chophimbacho, ndi zina zotero. N'zosavuta kuyambitsa chophimbacho kusweka; kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa nyengo ndi kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo amkati ndi akunja aziuma mofulumira, ndipo ming'alu imapangidwa pamene pamwamba pauma ndipo gawo lamkati silikuuma.
Yankho:
Choyambira chiyenera kugawidwa malinga ndi zofunikira; popaka pulasitala wa maziko, gawo la matope liyenera kusakanikirana bwino ndipo kupaka pulasitala kuyenera kuchitidwa; kapangidwe kake kayenera kuchitidwa malinga ndi njira zomangira ndi zofunikira; ubwino wa zipangizo zopangira uyenera kulamulidwa mosamala; Zigawo zambiri, yesetsani kuwongolera liwiro louma la gawo lililonse, ndipo mtunda wopopera uyenera kukhala patali pang'ono.
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Kuphimba kukuchotsedwa, kuwonongeka
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Chinyezi cha gawo loyambira chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri panthawi yomanga; chakhudzidwa ndi makina akunja; kutentha kwa kapangidwe kake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti filimu yophimba isapangidwe bwino; nthawi yochotsa tepiyo ndi yovuta kapena njirayo si yoyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chophimbacho chiwonongeke; palibe maziko a simenti omwe amapangidwa pansi pa khoma lakunja; sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito. Utoto wofanana ndi chivundikiro chakumbuyo.
Yankho:
Ntchito yomanga iyenera kuchitika motsatira njira ndi zofunikira zomangira; chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pa chitetezo cha zinthu zomalizidwa panthawi yomanga.
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Kuipitsidwa kwakukulu ndi kusintha kwa mtundu panthawi yomanga
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Mtundu wa utoto wophimbawo umatha, ndipo mtundu umasintha chifukwa cha mphepo, mvula, ndi dzuwa; kapangidwe kosayenera pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana panthawi yomanga kumayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu.
Yankho:
Muyenera kusankha utoto wokhala ndi utoto wotsutsana ndi ultraviolet, anti-ukalamba komanso anti-sunlight pigments, komanso kuwongolera bwino momwe madzi amawonjezedwera panthawi yomanga, ndipo musawonjezere madzi pakati kuti muwonetsetse kuti pali mtundu womwewo; kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa kwa pamwamba, pukutani utoto womaliza pakapita nthawi pambuyo poti utoto watha maola 24. Mukapukuta utoto womaliza, samalani kuti usagwire ntchito kapena ukhale wokhuthala kwambiri kuti usapange mawonekedwe okongola. Panthawi yomanga, ntchito yomanga iyenera kukonzedwa motsatira njira zomangira kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa ndi akatswiri kapena kuwonongeka panthawi yomanga.
makumi awiri ndi mphambu imodzi
Yin Yang angle crack
Zochitika ndi zifukwa zazikulu:
Nthawi zina ming'alu imawonekera pamakona a yin ndi yang. Makona a yin ndi yang ndi malo awiri olumikizana. Panthawi yowuma, padzakhala njira ziwiri zosiyana za kukanikizana komwe kumachitika pa filimu ya utoto pamakona a yin ndi yang nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kusweka.
Yankho:
Ngati makona a yin ndi yang a ming'alu apezeka, gwiritsani ntchito mfuti yopopera kuti mupoperenso pang'ono, ndikupoperanso theka la ola lililonse mpaka ming'aluyo itaphimbidwa; pa makona a yin ndi yang omwe angopopera kumene, samalani kuti musapopere kwambiri nthawi imodzi mukapopera, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito njira yopopera yopyapyala yambiri. , mfuti yopopera iyenera kukhala patali, liwiro loyenda liyenera kukhala lachangu, ndipo silingathe kupopera molunjika kumakona a yin ndi yang. Ikhoza kungomwazikana, ndiko kuti, popera mbali ziwiri, kotero kuti m'mphepete mwa duwa la chifunga mulowe mu makona a yin ndi yang.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-25-2024