01 Kumutsa buhoro buhoro hanyuma ufate umugongo
Iyo irangi rimaze gusigwa, agace k'irangi ntikama igihe kirenze icyo ryagenewe, byitwa kuma buhoro. Iyo agace k'irangi kamaze gukorwa, ariko hakaba hakiri ikintu gifata urutoki, byitwa gufatisha inyuma.
Impamvu:
1. Irangi ryakoreshejwe mu gukaraba riba rinini cyane.
2. Mbere yuko irangi rya mbere ryuma, shyiramo irindi rirangi.
3. Gukoresha nabi icyuma cyumisha.
4. Ubuso bw'ubutaka ntibusukuye.
5. Ubuso bw'ubutaka ntibuba bwumutse neza.
Uburyo:
1. Kugira ngo humuke buhoro buhoro kandi igume inyuma, umwuka uhumeka ushobora kwiyongera kandi ubushyuhe bugashyirwa hejuru uko bikwiye.
2. Ku irangi rikozwe mu buryo bw'umusemburo rituma riguma ritoshye cyangwa rigafata inyuma cyane, rigomba kozwa n'amavuta akomeye hanyuma rigasukwamo irangi.
02
Gusiga ifu: Nyuma yo gusiga irangi, irangi rihinduka ifu
Impamvu:
1. Ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere bwa resin yo gusiga ni buke.
2. Gutunganya nabi ubuso bw'inkuta.
3. Ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi buba buri hasi cyane, bigatuma firime idakora neza.
4. Irangi rivangwa n'amazi menshi cyane iyo urimo gusiga irangi.
Umuti wo gushushanya ingwa:
Sukura ifu mbere na mbere, hanyuma uyishyireho agapira gafunga neza, hanyuma wongere ushyireho irangi ry’amabuye nyaryo rirwanya ikirere.
03
guhinduka ibara no gucika
impamvu:
1. Ubushuhe buri mu gice cy'ubutaka buba bwinshi cyane, kandi umunyu ushongeshwa n'amazi uhinduka nk'ikirahuri ku rukuta, bigatuma ibara rihinduka kandi rigashira.
2. Irangi ry'amabuye ridafite ishingiro ntirikozwe mu mucanga w'ibara ry'umwimerere, kandi ibikoresho by'ibanze ni alkaline, byangiza ibara cyangwa resin bitewe n'uko alkaline idakomeye.
3. Ikirere kibi.
4. Guhitamo nabi ibikoresho byo gusiga.
Igisubizo:
Iyo ubonye iki kintu mu gihe cyo kubaka, ushobora kubanza guhanagura cyangwa gukurura hejuru y’aho hantu havugwa, ukareka sima ikakuma burundu, hanyuma ugashyiraho urwego rwa primer yo gufunga hanyuma ugahitamo irangi ryiza ry’amabuye.
04
gukurura no gushwanyagurika
impamvu:
Bitewe n'ubushuhe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho byo hasi, gutunganya ubuso ntabwo bisukuye, kandi uburyo bwo koza ntibukwiye cyangwa gukoresha primer idahagije bizatuma irangi riva ku buso bw'ibanze.
Igisubizo:
Muri iki gihe, ugomba kubanza kugenzura niba urukuta rurimo kuva amazi. Niba hari amazi arimo kuva amazi, ugomba kubanza gukemura ikibazo cyo kuva amazi. Hanyuma, gukuraho irangi ryakuweho n'ibikoresho byarekuye, shyira putty iramba ku buso bwangiritse, hanyuma ufunge primer.
05
udusebe
Nyuma y’uko agapira k’irangi kamaze kuma, hazaba hari utudomo tw’utubuto tw’ingano zitandukanye ku buso, dushobora kuba tworoshye gukandwaho n’intoki.
impamvu:
1. Igice cyo hasi kiba gitose, kandi amazi ahinduka umwuka bigatuma irangi rihinduka ibisebe.
2. Mu gihe cyo gutera irangi, hari umwuka w'amazi mu mwuka ufunze, uvanze n'irangi.
3. Igitereko ntikiba cyumye neza, kandi igitereko cyo hejuru cyongera gushyirwaho iyo imvura iguye. Iyo igitereko cyumye, hakorwa gaze yo kuzamura igitereko cyo hejuru.
Igisubizo:
Iyo agace k'irangi gafite udusebe gato, gashobora koroshywa n'impapuro zo gusiga amazi nyuma y'uko agace k'irangi kamaze kuma, hanyuma agapfunyika gakosorwa; niba agace k'irangi gakomeye kurushaho, agace k'irangi kagomba gukurwaho, kandi urwego rw'ibanze rugomba kuba rwumye., hanyuma ugatera irangi ry'amabuye nyaryo.
06
Gushyiramo ibice (bizwi kandi nko kuruma hasi)
Impamvu y’iki gikorwa cyo gushyira ibice mu byiciro ni iyi:
Iyo woza, primer ntabwo yumye neza, kandi agace gato k'inyuma kabyimba primer yo hasi, bigatuma irangi rigabanuka rigakura.
Igisubizo:
Imiterere y'igitambaro igomba gukorwa hakurikijwe igihe cyagenwe, igitambaro ntikigomba gushyirwaho cyane, kandi igitambaro cyo hejuru kigomba gushyirwaho nyuma yuko igitambaro cyumye burundu.
07
Kugwa
Ku nyubako z'ubwubatsi, irangi rikunze kuboneka ritemba cyangwa ritonyanga ku nkuta, rigatuma rimera nk'aho ricitse cyangwa rizunguruka, rizwi cyane nka amarira.
Impamvu ni:
1. Irangi riba rinini cyane icyarimwe.
2. Igipimo cyo gushonga kiri hejuru cyane.
3. Sukura neza ku buso bw'irangi rishaje budasizeho umucanga.
Igisubizo:
1. Shyiraho inshuro nyinshi, buri gihe ukoresheje urwego ruto.
2. Gabanya igipimo cyo gushonga kw'amazi.
3. Sukura irangi rya kera ry'ikintu kirimo gusigwa n'umusenyi.
08
Iminkanyari: Irangi rikora iminkanyari ihindagurika
impamvu:
1. Irangi riba rinini cyane kandi ubuso buragabanuka.
2. Iyo irangi rya kabiri rishyizwemo, irangi rya mbere riba ritarakama.
3. Ubushyuhe buba buri hejuru cyane iyo humutse.
Igisubizo:
Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, irinde gusiga irangi rinini cyane kandi uryoshye neza. Intera iri hagati y'amabara abiri igomba kuba ihagije, kandi ni ngombwa kugenzura ko urwego rwa mbere rw'irangi rwumye neza mbere yo gusiga irangi rya kabiri.
09
Kuba hariho kwanduzwa kw'ibintu bitandukanye birakomeye
impamvu:
Urusobe rw'amazi ntirwitaye ku ikwirakwizwa ry'urusobe rw'amazi mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi, bituma rusa n'aho ruguruka.
Igisubizo:
Mu gikorwa cyo kubaka, intambwe yose y’ubwubatsi igomba gukurikizwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw’ibintu biva mu kwanduzanya. Muri icyo gihe, dushobora guhitamo ibikoresho by’inyongera bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya gusaza, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubudahangarwa bukomeye bw’imirasire kugira ngo byuzure, ibyo bikaba byanatuma kwanduzanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanyanya kugabanuka.
10
Ubusumbane bwinshi bwo gusiga irangi
impamvu:
Ubuso bunini bwa sima butuma igihe cyo kuma kigabanuka, bigatuma hacikamo ibice kandi hagacikamo ibice; MT-217 bentonite ikoreshwa mu irangi ry’amabuye nyaryo, kandi imiterere yayo iraryoshye kandi yoroshye kuyisya.
Igisubizo:
Kora uburyo busanzwe bwo kugabanya, kandi uhuze neza na sima mu gihe cyo gusiga ipasi ku nzu y'ifatizo.
11
Kwera iyo uhuye n'amazi, kudahangana neza n'amazi
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Amarangi amwe nyayo y'amabuye ahinduka umweru nyuma yo kozwa no kunyobwa n'imvura, hanyuma agasubira uko yari ameze mbere nyuma y'uko ikirere kimeze neza. Ibi bigaragaza ko amarangi nyayo y'amabuye adakomera mu mazi.
1. Ubwiza bwa emulsion buri hasi
Kugira ngo emulsion yongere ubushobozi bwo kugumana imbaraga, emulsion zo mu rwego rwo hasi cyangwa zo mu rwego rwo hasi zikunze kongeramo surfactants nyinshi, ibyo bikagabanya cyane ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi bwa emulsion ubwayo.
2. Ingano y'amavuta yo kwisiga ni nke cyane
Igiciro cya emulsion nziza kiri hejuru. Kugira ngo abashe kuzigama ikiguzi, uwakoze iyo irangi yongeraho ingano nto ya emulsion, kugira ngo irangi ry’irangi nyaryo ry’amabuye ribe rifunguye kandi ritagira ubucucike buhagije nyuma yo kuma, igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi muri iyo irangi kiba kinini, kandi imbaraga zo gufatanya ziragabanuka. Mu gihe cy’imvura, amazi y’imvura azinjira muri iyo irangi, bigatuma irangi nyaryo ry’amabuye rihinduka umweru.
3. Ingufu nyinshi zo gukurura
Iyo abakora irangi nyaryo ry'amabuye, bakunze kongeramo ingano nini ya carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, nibindi nk'ibibyimba. Ibi bintu bishonga mu mazi cyangwa bigakunda amazi, kandi biguma mu gipfundikizo nyuma y'uko igipfundikizo kigizwe na firime. Bigabanya cyane ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi bw'igipfundikizo.
Igisubizo:
1. Hitamo amavuta yo kwisiga meza cyane
Abakora basabwa guhitamo polimeri za acrylic zifite molekile nyinshi kandi zirwanya amazi neza nk'ibintu bitanga firime kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amazi bw'irangi nyaryo ry'amabuye riva aho rikomoka.
2. Ongera igipimo cya emulsion
Uruganda rukora irangi rusabwa kongera igipimo cya emulsion, no gukora ibizamini byinshi byo kugereranya ingano ya emulsion nyayo y'ibuye kugira ngo harebwe ko haboneka irangi ryuzuye kandi ryuzuye nyuma yo gusigwa irangi nyaryo ry'ibuye kugira ngo hirindwe kwinjira kw'amazi y'imvura.
3. Hindura igipimo cy'ibintu bifasha mu mazi
Kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bikomeze kandi bikore neza, ni ngombwa kongeramo ibintu bikunda amazi nka selulose. Icy'ingenzi ni ukubona aho bingana neza, bisaba abakora ubushakashatsi ku miterere y'ibintu bikunda amazi nka selulose binyuze mu isuzuma rinini risubirwamo. Igipimo gikwiye. Ntabwo ari byo gusa byemeza ingaruka z'ibicuruzwa, ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka ku kwirinda amazi.
12
Ipfapfa ry'imitsi, imyanda ikomeye
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Amwe mu marangi nyayo y'amabuye atakaza umucanga cyangwa ndetse agapfa ubusa iyo asutswe. Mu bihe bikomeye, hafi 1/3 cy'irangi rishobora gupfushwa ubusa.
1. Gupima nabi amabuye y'agaciro
Uduce tw’amabuye twashenywe mu irangi ry’amabuye nyaryo ntidushobora gukoresha uduce dufite ingano imwe, kandi tugomba kuvangwa no guhuzwa n’uduce dufite ingano zitandukanye.
2. Imirimo y'ubwubatsi idahwitse
Birashoboka ko umurambararo w'imbunda itera umwanda ari munini cyane, umuvuduko w'imbunda itera umwanda ntutoranywe neza, n'ibindi bintu bishobora gutera kwangirika.
3. Gufata neza irangi
Guhindura irangi nabi bishobora no gutuma umucanga ugwa cyangwa ugapfa mu gihe cyo gutera irangi, ibyo bikaba ari ugutakaza ibintu cyane.
Igisubizo:
1. Hindura uburyo bwo gutondeka amabuye y'agaciro
Binyuze mu kwitegereza aho imirimo y’ubwubatsi ibera, byagaragaye ko gukoresha cyane amabuye asanzwe yashenywe afite uduce duto bizatuma imiterere y’ubuso bw’irangi iba nto; gukoresha cyane amabuye yashenywe afite uduce duto bizatuma umucanga ugabanuka kandi ugatakaza umucanga kugira ngo bigere ku rugero rumwe.
2. Guhindura imikorere y'ubwubatsi
Niba ari imbunda, ugomba guhindura urwego rw'imbunda n'umuvuduko wayo.
3. Hindura imiterere y'irangi
Niba irangi rimeze neza ari ryo ribitera, imiterere yaryo izakenera guhindurwa.
13
irangi nyaryo ry'amabuye
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
1. Ingaruka za pH y'urwego rw'ibanze, iyo pH irenze 9, bizatuma habaho indabyo.
2. Mu gihe cyo kubaka, ubugari butaringaniye bushobora kurabya. Byongeye kandi, irangi rito cyane ry’amabuye n’agace gato cyane k’irangi nabyo bitera kurabya.
3. Mu gukora irangi nyaryo ry'amabuye, igipimo cya selulose kiba kinini cyane, ari nacyo gituma indabyo zikura.
Igisubizo:
1. Genzura neza pH y'urwego rw'ibanze, kandi ukoreshe primer yo gufunga idapfa kwangirika mu buryo bwo gufunga inyuma kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu bya alkaline bigwa.
2. Shyira mu bikorwa ingano isanzwe y'inyubako, ntugace impande, ingano isanzwe y'irangi ry'amabuye nyaryo ni nka 3.0-4.5kg/metero kare.
3. Genzura ingano ya selulosi nk'ikintu gifasha mu kubyibuha ku rugero rukwiye.
14
Irangi ry'amabuye nyaryo rihinduka umuhondo
Ibara ry'amabuye nyayo rihinduka umuhondo gusa, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku isura.
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Abakora bakoresha emulsions za acrylic nke nk'ibifunga. Emulsions zirabora iyo zihuye n'imirasire ya ultraviolet ituruka ku zuba, bigatera ibintu bifite ibara, amaherezo bigatera umuhondo.
Igisubizo:
Abakora basabwa guhitamo emulsion nziza nk'ibikoresho byo gufatanya kugira ngo barusheho kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa.
15
Agapira k'irangi karoroshye cyane
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Irangi ry’amabuye ryujuje ibisabwa rizakomera cyane kandi ntirishobora gukururwa n’inzara. Irangi ryoroheje cyane riterwa ahanini no guhitamo nabi emulsion cyangwa ingano nke, bigatuma irangi ritaguma neza iyo irangi rikozwe.
Igisubizo:
Mu gihe cyo gukora irangi nyaryo ry'amabuye, abakora irangi ntibagomba guhitamo emulsion imwe n'irangi rya latex, ahubwo bagomba guhitamo umuti uvanze ufite imiterere myinshi kandi ufite ubushyuhe buke bwo gukora filime.
16
Ihindagurika rya Chromatic
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Ibara rimwe ntirikoreshwa ku rukuta rumwe, kandi hari itandukaniro ry'amabara hagati y'amabara abiri y'irangi. Ibara ry'irangi nyaryo ry'amabuye rigenwa burundu n'ibara ry'umucanga n'ibuye. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ubutaka, buri tsinda ry'umucanga w'amabara nta kabuza rizagira itandukaniro ry'amabara. Kubwibyo, iyo winjije ibikoresho, ni byiza gukoresha umucanga w'amabara watunganyijwe n'amabara amwe y'amabuye, byose kugira ngo ugabanye ihindagurika rya chromatic. Iyo irangi ribitswe, ibara rigaragara hejuru y'ubutaka, kandi ntirivangwa neza mbere yo gutera.
Igisubizo:
Irangi rimwe rigomba gukoreshwa ku rukuta rumwe uko bishoboka kose; irangi rigomba gushyirwa mu byiciro mu gihe cyo kubika; rigomba kuvangwa neza mbere yo gutera imiti mbere yo kuyikoresha; mu gihe cyo kugaburira ibikoresho, ni byiza gukoresha irangi rimwe ry'umucanga w'amabara watunganyijwe n'amabuye y'agaciro, kandi irangi ryose rigomba gutumizwa mu mahanga icyarimwe.
17
Gusiga ibirahure bitangana n'ibishishwa bigaragara
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Irangi rimwe ntirikoreshwa; irangi riba ririho urwego cyangwa urwego rw'ubuso ruri kureremba mu gihe cyo kubika, kandi irangi ntirivangwa neza mbere yo gutera, kandi ubushyuhe bw'irangi buratandukanye; umuvuduko w'umwuka ntuhindagurika mu gihe cyo gutera; uburebure bw'umunwa w'imbunda itera umwanda buhinduka bitewe no kwangirika cyangwa amakosa yo gushyiraho mu gihe cyo gutera umwanda; Igipimo cyo kuvanga ntabwo gikwiye, kuvanga ibikoresho ntabwo bingana; ubugari bw'igitambaro ntabwo bungana; imyobo y'ubwubatsi ntiziba zifunze mu gihe cyangwa nyuma yo kuzura itera umwanda ugaragara; Gahunda yo gukora umwanda wo hejuru iragaragara neza.
Igisubizo:
Abakozi cyangwa inganda zihariye bagomba gutegurwa kugira ngo bagenzure ibintu bifitanye isano nko kuvanga igipimo n'uburyo ibintu bihagaze; imyobo y'ubwubatsi cyangwa imyenge yo gufunga igomba gufungwa no gusanwa mbere y'igihe; irangi rigomba gukoreshwa uko bishoboka kose; irangi rigomba kubikwa mu byiciro, kandi rigakangwa neza mbere yo gutera. Rikoreshe neza; reba neza umunwa w'imbunda yo gutera umuti mu gihe cyo gutera umuti, kandi uhindure umuvuduko w'umunwa; mu gihe cyo kubaka, ibishishwa bigomba kujugunywa ku mugozi wo munsi y'umuyoboro cyangwa aho umuyoboro utagaragara neza. Ubunini bwo gutera umuti, kugira ngo wirinde ko irangi rihurirana kugira ngo rikore amabara atandukanye.
18
Gupfuka udusebe, kubyimba, no kwangirika
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Ubushuhe bw'urwego rw'ibanze buba bwinshi cyane mu gihe cyo kubaka irangi; sima ya sima n'urwego rw'ibanze rwa beto ntibikomeye bihagije bitewe n'imyaka idahagije cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo kuyifata buba buke cyane, imbaraga z'igishushanyo cy'urwego rw'ibanze rwa sima ivanze ziba nke cyane, cyangwa igipimo cyo kuvanga mu gihe cyo kubaka ntabwo ari cyo; nta gice cyo hasi gifunze gikoreshwa Irangi; irangi ryo hejuru rishyirwa mbere yuko ubuso bw'ibanze bwuma burundu; urwego rw'ibanze rwaracitse, irangi ryo hasi ntirigabanywamo nk'uko bisabwa, cyangwa ibiti byagabanijwemo bikaba binini cyane; agace k'irangi rya sima ni kanini cyane, kandi kumisha biragabanuka bitandukanye, bizatera ububobere n'imyanya, gupfuka kw'urwego rwo hasi ndetse no gucika kw'urwego rwo hejuru; sima ya sima ntishyirwamo irangi mu byiciro kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw'urutonde rw'ibanze; gutera cyane icyarimwe, gupfuka cyane, no gushonga nabi; inenge mu mikorere y'irangi ubwaryo, nibindi. Biroroshye gutuma irangi ricika; itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere ni rinini, bigatuma habaho umuvuduko utandukanye wo kuma kw'imbere n'inyuma, kandi imyanya ivuka iyo ubuso bwumye kandi urwego rw'imbere rutari rwumye.
Igisubizo:
Igitereko kigomba kugabanywa hakurikijwe ibisabwa; mu gikorwa cyo gusigwa kw'urwego rw'ibanze, igipimo cya sima kigomba kuvangwa neza kandi hagakorwa sima yo mu byiciro; kubaka bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kubaka n'ibipimo; ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo bugomba kugenzurwa neza; Ibyiciro byinshi, gerageza kugenzura umuvuduko w'umuvuduko w'urutonde rw'amazi, kandi intera yo gusukura igomba kuba ndende gato.
19
Ipfundikizo riri gukurwaho, ryangiritse
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Ubushuhe bw'urwego rw'ibanze ni bwinshi cyane mu gihe cyo kubaka irangi; ryahuye n'ingaruka za mekanike zo hanze; ubushyuhe bw'inyubako ni buke cyane, bigatuma irangi ritameze neza; igihe cyo gukuraho kaseti kiba kitoroshye cyangwa uburyo budakwiye, bigatuma irangi ryangirika; nta gice cya sima gishyirwa hasi ku rukuta rw'inyuma; ntigikoreshwa Irangi rihuye n'igifuniko cy'inyuma.
Igisubizo:
Kubaka bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe inzira n'ibipimo by'ubwubatsi; hagomba kwitabwaho kurinda ibikoresho byarangiye mu gihe cyo kubaka.
20
Kwanduzwa gukomeye no guhinduka ibara mu gihe cyo kubaka
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Ibara ry'ibara ry'ibara rigenda rishira, kandi ibara rigahinduka bitewe n'umuyaga, imvura, n'izuba; imiterere idakwiye y'imiterere hagati y'imiterere itandukanye mu gihe cyo kubaka itera kwanduzwa.
Igisubizo:
Ni ngombwa guhitamo irangi rifite irangi rirwanya ultraviolet, rirwanya gusaza no kurwanya izuba, kandi ugagenzura neza uko amazi yongerwa mu gihe cyo kubaka, kandi ntushyiremo amazi hagati uko ubyifuza kugira ngo ubone ibara rimwe; kugira ngo wirinde ko urwego rw'ubuso rwangirika, siga irangi ryo kurangiza mu gihe gito nyuma y'amasaha 24. Mu gihe usiga irangi ku iherezo, witondere kuririnda ko rikora cyangwa ngo ribe rinini cyane ku buryo ritamera nk'indabyo. Mu gihe cyo kubaka, kubaka bigomba gutegurwa hakurikijwe inzira z'ubwubatsi kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'umwuga cyangwa kwangirika mu gihe cyo kubaka.
makumyabiri na rimwe
Yin Yang inguni
Ibintu n'impamvu z'ingenzi:
Hari igihe imiyoboro igaragara ku mfuruka za yin na yang. Imfuruka za yin na yang ni ubuso bubiri buhurira. Mu gihe cyo kumisha, hazabaho icyerekezo kibiri gitandukanye cyo gukurura irangi ku mfuruka za yin na yang icyarimwe, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gucikamo.
Igisubizo:
Niba impande za yin na yang z'imiturire zibonetse, koresha imbunda yo gutera umuti wongera gutera umuti woroshye, hanyuma wongere utere umuti buri gice cy'isaha kugeza igihe imiturire ipfundikiye; ku mpande za yin na yang ziherutse gutera umuti, witondere kudatera umuti mwinshi icyarimwe igihe utera umuti, kandi ukoreshe uburyo bwo gutera umuti bworoshye bwo gutera umuti bwo mu byiciro byinshi. , imbunda yo gutera umuti igomba kuba iri kure, umuvuduko w'ingendo ugomba kuba wihuta, kandi ntushobora gutera umuti uhagaze ku mpande za yin na yang. Ishobora gusaswa gusa, ni ukuvuga gutera umuti impande ebyiri, ku buryo impande z'indabyo z'ibihu zinjira mu mfuruka za yin na yang.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Mata 2024