01 Busar da hankali sannan a matse a baya
Bayan an goge fenti, fentin ba ya bushewa fiye da lokacin da aka ƙayyade, wanda ake kira bushewa a hankali. Idan an ƙirƙiri fim ɗin fenti, amma har yanzu akwai wani abu mai kama da yatsa, ana kiransa mannewa baya.
Dalilai:
1. Fim ɗin fenti da aka shafa ta hanyar gogewa ya yi kauri sosai.
2. Kafin fenti na farko ya bushe, a shafa fenti na biyu.
3. Amfani da busasshiyar na'urar busarwa ba daidai ba.
4. Fuskar substrate ɗin ba ta da tsabta.
5. Ba a cika bushewar saman substrate ba.
Tsarin aiki:
1. Domin ɗan busarwa a hankali da kuma mannewa, ana iya ƙarfafa iskar kuma ana iya ɗaga zafin yadda ya kamata.
2. Domin fentin da ke bushewa a hankali ko kuma ya manne sosai, ya kamata a wanke shi da ƙarfi sannan a sake fesa shi.
02
Foda: Bayan fenti, fim ɗin fenti ya zama foda
Dalilai:
1. Rashin juriyar yanayi na resin shafi ba shi da kyau.
2. Rashin kyawun maganin saman bango.
3. Zafin jiki yayin zane ya yi ƙasa sosai, wanda ke haifar da rashin kyawun tsarin fim.
4. Ana haɗa fenti da ruwa mai yawa yayin zane.
Maganin yin kumfa:
Da farko a tsaftace foda, sannan a shafa a fuska da kyakkyawan abin rufe fuska, sannan a sake fesa fenti na dutse na gaske wanda ke da juriya ga yanayi.
03
canza launi da kuma faɗuwa
dalili:
1. Danshin da ke cikin substrate ɗin ya yi yawa, kuma gishirin da ke narkewa cikin ruwa yana yin lu'ulu'u a saman bangon, yana haifar da sauye-sauyen launi da bushewa.
2. Ba a yi fenti na dutse mai ƙanƙanta da yashi mai launin halitta ba, kuma tushensa alkaline ne, wanda ke lalata launin ko resin mai rauni mai juriya ga alkali.
3. Mummunan yanayi.
4. Zaɓin kayan shafa mara kyau.
Mafita:
Idan ka ga wannan abin mamaki yayin gini, za ka iya goge ko kuma ka cire saman da ake magana a kai, ka bar simintin ya bushe gaba ɗaya, sannan ka shafa wani Layer na fenti mai rufewa sannan ka zaɓi fenti mai kyau na dutse.
04
barewa da kuma fashewa
dalili:
Saboda yawan danshi na kayan tushe, maganin saman ba shi da tsabta, kuma hanyar gogewa ba daidai ba ce ko kuma amfani da ƙaramin primer zai sa fenti ya rabu daga saman tushe.
Mafita:
A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ka fara duba ko bangon yana zubar da ruwa. Idan akwai ɓuɓɓugar ruwa, ya kamata ka fara magance matsalar ɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Sannan, a cire fenti da kayan da suka bace, a sanya putty mai ɗorewa a saman da ya lalace, sannan a rufe firam ɗin.
05
ƙura
Bayan fenti ya bushe, za a sami kumfa mai girma dabam-dabam a saman, wanda zai iya zama ɗan roba idan aka danna shi da hannu.
dalili:
1. Tsarin tushe yana da danshi, kuma ƙafewar ruwa yana sa fenti ya yi kumbura.
2. Lokacin fesawa, akwai tururin ruwa a cikin iskar da aka matse, wanda aka haɗa shi da fenti.
3. Firam ɗin bai bushe gaba ɗaya ba, kuma ana sake shafa saman rufin idan ya gamu da ruwan sama. Idan firam ɗin ya bushe, ana samar da iskar gas don ɗaga saman rufin.
Mafita:
Idan fentin ya ɗan yi kumbura kaɗan, za a iya shafa shi da yashi mai ruwa bayan fentin ya bushe, sannan a gyara saman fentin; idan fentin ya fi tsanani, dole ne a cire fentin, kuma ya kamata a bushe saman fentin, sannan a fesa fenti na gaske na dutse.
06
Layewa (wanda kuma aka sani da cizon ƙasa)
Dalilin da ya haifar da layering shine:
Lokacin da ake goge goge, fenti ba ya bushewa gaba ɗaya, kuma siririn saman yana kumbura ƙasan fenti, wanda ke sa fentin ya yi laushi da bare.
Mafita:
Dole ne a yi aikin rufin bisa ga lokacin da aka ƙayyade, kada a shafa murfin da kauri sosai, kuma a shafa saman rufin bayan faranti ya bushe gaba ɗaya.
07
Tsagewa
A wuraren gini, galibi ana iya samun fenti yana lanƙwasa ko ɗiga daga bango, yana samar da kamannin hawaye ko kuma mai kama da ruwan sama, wanda aka fi sani da ɗigon hawaye.
Dalili shine:
1. Fim ɗin fenti ya yi kauri sosai a lokaci guda.
2. Rabon narkewar ya yi yawa.
3. A goge kai tsaye a kan tsohon fenti wanda ba a yi masa yashi ba.
Mafita:
1. A shafa sau da yawa, a kowane lokaci da siririn Layer.
2. Rage rabon narkewar abinci.
3. A yi yashi a saman tsohon fenti na abin da ake gogewa da takarda mai yashi.
08
Wrinkles: Fim ɗin fenti yana samar da wrinkles masu laushi
dalili:
1. Fim ɗin fenti ya yi kauri sosai kuma saman yana raguwa.
2. Idan aka shafa fenti na biyu, fenti na farko bai bushe ba tukuna.
3. Zafin jiki yayi yawa idan ya bushe.
Mafita:
Domin hana wannan, a guji shafa mai kauri sosai sannan a yi goga daidai gwargwado. Dole ne tazara tsakanin fenti biyu ta isa, kuma ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa saman fim ɗin fenti na farko ya bushe gaba ɗaya kafin a shafa fenti na biyu.
09
Kasancewar gurɓataccen abu yana da matuƙar tsanani
dalili:
Layin saman bai kula da rarrabawar da ke kan grid ba yayin aikin gini, wanda hakan ya haifar da bayyanar birgima.
Mafita:
A tsarin gini, dole ne a bi kowace matakin gini don guje wa lalacewar gurɓataccen abu. A lokaci guda, za mu iya zaɓar wasu rufin da ke hana tsufa, zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da kuma juriyar radiation mai ƙarfi don cikewa, wanda hakan kuma zai iya tabbatar da rage gurɓataccen abu.
10
Rashin daidaito mai yawa
dalili:
Babban yankin turmin siminti yana haifar da bushewa a hankali, wanda zai haifar da fashewa da kuma busasshiyar ƙasa; Ana amfani da MT-217 bentonite a cikin fenti na dutse na gaske, kuma ginin yana da santsi kuma yana da sauƙin gogewa.
Mafita:
Yi maganin rarrabawa na matsakaici, kuma daidaita turmi daidai lokacin da ake yin amfani da simintin ginin harsashin ginin.
11
Farin fata yayin hulɗa da ruwa, rashin juriyar ruwa
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Wasu fenti na dutse na gaske za su yi fari bayan an wanke su kuma ruwan sama ya jika su, sannan su koma yadda suke a da bayan yanayi ya yi kyau. Wannan yana nuna rashin juriyar ruwa ga fenti na dutse na gaske.
1. Ingancin emulsion ɗin yana da ƙasa
Domin ƙara kwanciyar hankali na emulsion, emulsions masu ƙarancin daraja ko marasa daraja galibi suna ƙara yawan surfactants, wanda zai rage juriyar ruwa na emulsion ɗin da kansa.
2. Yawan man shafawa ya yi ƙasa sosai
Farashin emulsion mai inganci yana da yawa. Domin rage farashi, masana'anta suna ƙara ƙaramin adadin emulsion kawai, don haka fenti na ainihin fenti na dutse ya zama sako-sako kuma bai yi kauri sosai ba bayan bushewa, ƙimar sha ruwa na fim ɗin fenti yana da girma sosai, kuma ƙarfin haɗin yana raguwa daidai gwargwado. A cikin yanayin ruwan sama na lokaci, ruwan sama zai shiga cikin fim ɗin fenti, wanda ke sa ainihin fentin dutse ya zama fari.
3. Mai kauri da yawa
Idan masana'antun suka yi fenti na dutse na gaske, sau da yawa suna ƙara yawan carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, da sauransu a matsayin masu kauri. Waɗannan abubuwan suna narkewa cikin ruwa ko kuma suna da ruwa, kuma suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin murfin bayan an samar da murfin zuwa fim. Yana rage juriyar ruwa ga murfin sosai.
Mafita:
1. Zaɓi man shafawa mai inganci
Ana buƙatar masana'antun su zaɓi polymers masu ƙarfi da juriya ga ruwa waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan juriya ga ruwa a matsayin abubuwan da ke samar da fim don inganta juriyar ruwa na ainihin fenti na dutse daga tushen.
2. Ƙara rabon emulsion
Ana buƙatar mai ƙera ya ƙara yawan sinadarin emulsion, kuma ya yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa kan adadin sinadarin emulsion na ainihin dutse da aka ƙara don tabbatar da cewa an sami cikakken fim ɗin fenti bayan an shafa ainihin fentin dutse don hana mamaye ruwan sama.
3. Daidaita rabon abubuwan hydrophilic
Domin tabbatar da daidaito da kuma iya aiki na samfurin, ya zama dole a ƙara sinadaran hydrophilic kamar cellulose. Mabuɗin shine a sami daidaito daidai, wanda ke buƙatar masana'antun su yi nazarin halayen abubuwan hydrophilic kamar cellulose ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje masu yawa da aka maimaita. Rabo mai ma'ana. Ba wai kawai yana tabbatar da tasirin samfurin ba, har ma yana rage tasirin juriyar ruwa.
12
Feshi mai feshi, sharar gida mai tsanani
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Wasu fenti na dutse na gaske za su rasa yashi ko ma su yi fantsama yayin feshi. A cikin mawuyacin hali, kusan kashi 1/3 na fenti za a iya ɓata shi.
1. Rashin daidaita tsakuwa
Ƙwayoyin dutse da aka niƙa a cikin ainihin fentin dutse ba za su iya amfani da ƙwayoyin da girmansu iri ɗaya ba, kuma dole ne a haɗa su da ƙwayoyin da girmansu ya bambanta.
2. Aikin gini mara kyau
Wataƙila diamita na bindigar feshi ya yi yawa, matsin lamba na bindigar feshi ba a zaɓa shi yadda ya kamata ba, kuma wasu dalilai na iya haifar da feshi.
3. Daidaiton shafi mara kyau
Daidaita daidaiton fenti ba daidai ba na iya haifar da faɗuwar yashi da kuma feshewa yayin feshi, wanda hakan babban ɓata kayan ne.
Mafita:
1. Daidaita ma'aunin tsakuwa
Ta hanyar lura da wurin ginin, an gano cewa yawan amfani da dutse mai niƙa na halitta mai ƙaramin girman barbashi zai sa yanayin saman fim ɗin fenti ya yi ƙasa; yawan amfani da dutse mai niƙa mai babban girman barbashi zai haifar da feshewa da asarar yashi cikin sauƙi. Don cimma daidaito.
2. Daidaita ayyukan gini
Idan bindigar ce, kana buƙatar daidaita ma'aunin bindigar da matsin lamba.
3. Daidaita daidaiton fenti
Idan daidaiton fenti shine dalilin, daidaiton zai buƙaci a daidaita shi.
13
fenti na dutse na gaske
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
1. Tasirin pH na tushen Layer, idan pH ya fi 9, zai haifar da abin da ke faruwa na fure.
2. A lokacin aikin gini, kauri mara daidaito yana iya yin fure. Bugu da ƙari, feshi mai yawa na fenti na dutse da kuma siririn fim ɗin fenti suma zasu haifar da fure.
3. A tsarin samar da fenti na dutse na gaske, yawan cellulose ya yi yawa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya yi fure kai tsaye.
Mafita:
1. A kula da pH na matakin tushe sosai, sannan a yi amfani da na'urar hatimi mai jure wa alkali don magance matsalar hatimi don hana ruwan sama na abubuwan alkaline.
2. A aiwatar da adadin ginin da aka saba yi sosai, kada a yanke kusurwoyi, adadin fenti na dutse na gaske na yau da kullun shine kusan 3.0-4.5kg/murabba'in mita
3. Kula da abun da ke cikin cellulose a matsayin mai kauri daidai gwargwado.
14
Zane na dutse na gaske yana yin rawaya
Rawanin fenti na dutse na gaske shine kawai launin ya koma rawaya, wanda ke shafar kamannin.
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Masana'antun suna amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin acrylic a matsayin abubuwan ɗaurewa. Ƙwayoyin za su ruɓe idan aka fallasa su ga hasken ultraviolet daga rana, wanda hakan zai haifar da ruwa mai launi, sannan daga ƙarshe ya haifar da rawaya.
Mafita:
Ana buƙatar masana'antun su zaɓi emulsions masu inganci a matsayin abubuwan ɗaurewa don inganta ingancin samfur.
15
Fim ɗin fenti ya yi laushi sosai
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Fim ɗin fenti na dutse mai inganci zai yi tauri sosai kuma ba za a iya jan shi da farce ba. Fim ɗin fenti mai laushi sosai yana faruwa ne saboda rashin kyawun zaɓi na emulsion ko ƙarancin abun ciki, wanda ke haifar da rashin matsewar murfin lokacin da aka samar da fim ɗin fenti.
Mafita:
Lokacin da ake samar da fenti na dutse na gaske, ana buƙatar masana'antun kada su zaɓi emulsion iri ɗaya da fenti na latex, amma su zaɓi mafita mai haɗaka tare da haɗin kai mafi girma da ƙarancin zafin jiki na samar da fim.
16
Aberration na chromatic
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Ba a amfani da irin wannan fenti a bango ɗaya ba, kuma akwai bambancin launi tsakanin rukunin fenti guda biyu. Launin ainihin fenti na dutse yana ƙaddara gaba ɗaya ta hanyar launin yashi da dutse. Saboda tsarin ƙasa, kowane rukunin yashi mai launi zai sami bambancin launi. Saboda haka, lokacin shigar da kayan aiki, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da yashi mai launi da aka sarrafa ta hanyar rukuni ɗaya na ma'adanai. duk don rage rashin daidaituwar chromatic. Lokacin da aka adana fenti, launi mai laushi ko iyo yana bayyana a saman, kuma ba a motsa shi gaba ɗaya kafin fesawa ba.
Mafita:
Ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan rukunin fenti don bango ɗaya gwargwadon iyawa; ya kamata a sanya fenti a cikin rukuni-rukuni yayin ajiya; ya kamata a juya shi gaba ɗaya kafin a fesa kafin amfani; lokacin ciyar da kayan abinci, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da rukunin yashi mai launi iri ɗaya da aka sarrafa ta hanyar ma'adinai, kuma dole ne a shigo da dukkan rukunin a lokaci guda.
17
Rufi mara daidaituwa da kuma tarkace bayyananne
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Ba a yi amfani da irin wannan fenti ba; an yi fenti mai layi ko kuma saman saman yana shawagi yayin ajiya, kuma ba a motsa fenti gaba ɗaya kafin feshi ba, kuma dankowar fenti ya bambanta; matsin iska ba shi da ƙarfi yayin feshi; diamita na bututun feshi yana canzawa saboda lalacewa ko kurakuran shigarwa yayin feshi; Rabon haɗawa ba daidai ba ne, haɗa kayan ba daidai ba ne; kauri na murfin ba shi da daidaito; ramukan gini ba a toshe su akan lokaci ko kuma bayan cikawa yana haifar da tarkace bayyananne; Shirin yin tarkace don samar da tarkacen saman yana bayyane a sarari.
Mafita:
Ya kamata a shirya ma'aikata ko masana'antun musamman don sarrafa abubuwan da suka shafi kamar rabon haɗuwa da daidaito; ya kamata a toshe kuma a gyara ramukan gini ko wuraren buɗewa a gaba; ya kamata a yi amfani da rukunin fenti iri ɗaya gwargwadon iko; ya kamata a adana fenti a cikin rukuni-rukuni, kuma a juya shi gaba ɗaya kafin fesawa. Yi amfani da shi daidai; duba bututun bindigar fesawa a lokacin fesawa, kuma daidaita matsin lamba na bututun; yayin ginin, dole ne a jefa tarkacen a cikin ƙaramin grid ɗin ko wurin da bututun ba ya bayyana. Kauri na rufewa, don guje wa haɗuwa da rufin don samar da launuka daban-daban.
18
Rufe fuska, kumbura, fashewa
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Danshi a cikin layin tushe ya yi yawa yayin gina shafi; turmi na siminti da layin tushe na siminti ba su da ƙarfi sosai saboda rashin tsufa ko zafin da ke wargazawa ya yi ƙasa, ƙarfin ƙira na layin tushe na siminti ya yi ƙasa da haka, ko rabon haɗuwa yayin gini ba daidai ba ne; ba a yi amfani da ƙasan rufewa ba. Shafi; ana shafa murfin saman kafin babban saman shafi ya bushe gaba ɗaya; layin tushe ya fashe, ba a raba filastar ƙasa kamar yadda ake buƙata ba, ko tubalan da aka raba sun yi yawa; yankin turmi na siminti ya yi girma da yawa, kuma raguwar bushewa ya bambanta, wanda zai samar da rami da Tsagewa, ramin layin ƙasa har ma da fashewar layin saman; ba a shafa turmi na siminti a cikin yadudduka don tabbatar da ingancin filastar layin tushe; fesawa da yawa a lokaci guda, kauri da yawa, da narkewa mara kyau; lahani a cikin aikin murfin da kansa, da sauransu. Yana da sauƙi a sa murfin ya fashe; bambancin zafin yanayi yana da girma, yana haifar da saurin bushewa daban-daban na layukan ciki da na waje, kuma ana samun tsagewa lokacin da saman ya bushe kuma layin ciki bai bushe ba.
Mafita:
Ya kamata a raba firam ɗin bisa ga buƙatun; a cikin tsarin yin siminti na layin tushe, ya kamata a haɗa rabon turmi sosai kuma a yi siminti mai layi; ya kamata a gudanar da ginin bisa ga hanyoyin gini da ƙayyadaddun bayanai; ya kamata a kula da ingancin kayan aiki sosai; Ya kamata a yi ƙoƙarin sarrafa saurin bushewar kowane layi, kuma nisan fesawa ya kamata ya ɗan yi nisa kaɗan.
19
Barewar murfin, lalacewa
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Danshin da ke cikin layin tushe ya yi yawa yayin gina shafi; an fuskanci tasirin injiniya na waje; zafin ginin ya yi ƙasa sosai, wanda ke haifar da rashin kyawun samuwar fim ɗin shafi; lokacin cire tef ɗin ba shi da daɗi ko kuma hanyar ba ta dace ba, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar murfin; ba a yi amfani da ƙafar siminti a ƙasan bangon waje ba; ba a yi amfani da shi ba. Fentin murfin baya mai dacewa.
Mafita:
Za a gudanar da ginin bisa ga tsarin gini da ƙayyadadden tsari; za a mai da hankali kan kare kayayyakin da aka gama yayin gini.
20
Mummunan gurɓatawa da canza launin fata yayin gini
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Launin launin shafi yana shuɗewa, kuma launin yana canzawa saboda iska, ruwan sama, da kuma fitowar rana; tsarin gini mara kyau tsakanin fannoni daban-daban yayin gini yana haifar da gurɓatawa tsakanin juna.
Mafita:
Ana buƙatar zaɓar fenti mai launukan hana ultraviolet, hana tsufa da kuma hana hasken rana, da kuma kula da ƙara ruwa sosai yayin gini, kuma kada a ƙara ruwa a tsakiya ba tare da son rai ba don tabbatar da launin iri ɗaya; Domin hana gurɓatar layin saman, a goge fenti bayan an gama shafa shi na tsawon awanni 24. Lokacin gogewa, a yi hankali don hana shi gudu ko yin kauri sosai don samar da jin kamar fure. A lokacin aikin gini, ya kamata a tsara ginin bisa ga tsarin gini don guje wa gurɓatar da ta shafi ƙwararru ko lalacewa yayin gini.
ashirin da daya
Yin Yang angle crack
Babban dalilai da kuma babban haɗari:
Wani lokaci tsagewa suna bayyana a kusurwoyin yin da yang. Kusurwoyin yin da yang saman biyu ne masu haɗuwa. A lokacin bushewa, za a sami hanyoyi biyu daban-daban na tashin hankali da ke aiki akan fim ɗin fenti a kusurwoyin yin da yang a lokaci guda, wanda yake da sauƙin fashewa.
Mafita:
Idan aka sami kusurwoyin yin da yang na fasa, yi amfani da bindigar fesawa don sake fesawa a sirara, sannan a sake fesawa duk bayan rabin sa'a har sai fashewar ta rufe; ga kusurwoyin yin da yang da aka fesa, a yi hankali kada a fesa da kauri a lokaci guda yayin fesawa, kuma a yi amfani da hanyar fesawa mai sirara mai layuka da yawa. , bindigar fesawa ya kamata ta kasance nesa, saurin motsi ya kamata ya yi sauri, kuma ba za a iya fesawa a tsaye zuwa kusurwoyin yin da yang ba. Za a iya warwatse shi ne kawai, wato, fesawa a gefe biyu, don gefen furen hazo ya shiga kusurwoyin yin da yang.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-25-2024