Udaka lwempuphu owomile ludaka oluxubile lwe-polymer noma udaka olulungisiwe lwempuphu owomile. Luhlobo lwesimende ne-gypsum njengezinto eziyisisekelo eziyinhloko. Ngokwezidingo ezahlukene zokwakha, ama-aggregates okwakha i-powder owomile kanye nezithasiselo zengezwa ngesilinganiso esithile. Luyizinto zokwakha ze-mortar ezingaxutshwa ngokulinganayo, zithuthwe ziye endaweni yokwakha ngamasaka noma ngobuningi, futhi zingasetshenziswa ngqo ngemva kokufaka amanzi.
Imikhiqizo evamile yodaka oluyimpuphu eyomile ihlanganisa ingcina yethayela eyomile, udonga oluyimpuphu eyomile, udaka oluyimpuphu eyomile, ukhonkolo oluyimpuphu eyomile, njll.
Udaka oluyimpuphu eyomile ngokuvamile lunezingxenye ezintathu okungenani: i-binder, i-aggregate, kanye nezithasiselo ze-mortar.
Ukwakheka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-dry powder mortar:
1. Izinto zokubopha udaka
(1) Ingcina engaphili:
Izinamathiseli ezingaphili zifaka phakathi usimende ojwayelekile wasePortland, usimende we-alumina ephezulu, usimende okhethekile, i-gypsum, i-anhydrite, njll.
(2) Izinto zokunamathisela eziphilayo:
I-adhesive yemvelo ibhekisela kakhulu ku-latex powder ephinde ihlakazeke, okuyi-polymer ewuphuphu eyakhiwe ngokufutha kahle (kanye nokukhethwa kwezithasiselo ezifanele) ze-polymer emulsion. I-polymer powder namanzi owomile kuba yi-emulsion. Ingaphinde ikhishwe amanzi emzimbeni, ukuze izinhlayiya ze-polymer zakhe isakhiwo somzimba we-polymer ku-cement mortar, efana nenqubo ye-polymer emulsion, futhi idlala indima ekuguquleni i-cement mortar.
Ngokwezilinganiso ezahlukene, ukuguqulwa kodaka oluyimpuphu eyomile ngempuphu ye-polymer ephinde ihlakazeke kungathuthukisa amandla okubopha ngezingxenye ezahlukene, futhi kuthuthukise ukuguquguquka, ukuguquguquka, amandla okugoba kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kodaka, ukuqina, ukuhlangana kanye nobuningi kanye namandla okugcina amanzi kanye nokwakhiwa.
Impuphu ye-latex ephinde ihlakazeke yodaka oluxutshwe okomile ihlanganisa kakhulu lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: ① i-styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② i-styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ i-vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ i-polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ i-Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ i-Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Isiyonke:
I-Aggregate ihlukaniswe ibe yi-aggregate eqinile kanye ne-aggregate encane. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko zokwakha ukhonkolo. Isebenza kakhulu njenge-skeleton futhi inciphisa ushintsho lwevolumu olubangelwa ukushwabana nokuvuvukala kwezinto eziqinisa ukhonkolo ngesikhathi sokusetha kanye nenqubo yokuqina, futhi isetshenziswa njengesigcwalisi esishibhile sezinto eziqinisa ukhonkolo. Kukhona ama-aggregate emvelo kanye nama-aggregate okwenziwa, okuqala njenge-gravel, amatshe amancane, i-pumice, isihlabathi semvelo, njll.; okwesibili njenge-cinder, i-slag, i-ceramsite, i-expanded perlite, njll.
3. Izithasiselo zodaka
(1) I-ether ye-cellulose:
Ku-mortar eyomile, inani lokwengeza le-cellulose ether liphansi kakhulu (ngokuvamile 0.02%-0.7%), kodwa lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi, futhi liyisithasiselo esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
Ku-dry powder mortar, ngoba i-ionic cellulose ayizinzile uma kukhona ama-calcium ions, ayisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-dry powder esebenzisa usimende, i-slaked lime, njll. njengezinto zokuqinisa. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose isetshenziswa nakweminye imikhiqizo ye-dry powder, kodwa isabelo sincane kakhulu.
Ama-cellulose ether asetshenziswa ku-dry powder mortar ikakhulukazi yi-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), okubizwa ngokuthi yi-MC.
Izici ze-MC: Ukunamathela kanye nokwakhiwa yizici ezimbili ezithintana; ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukugwema ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ngokushesha, ukuze ubukhulu besendlalelo se-mortar buncishiswe kakhulu.
(2) i-fiber elwa nokuqhekeka
Akuyona into esungulwe ngabantu banamuhla ukuxuba imicu ibe udaka njengezinto zokuqinisa ezilwa nokuqhekeka. Ezikhathini zasendulo, okhokho bethu bebesebenzisa imicu yemvelo njengezinto zokuqinisa ezinye izinto ezingaphili, njengokuxuba imicu yezitshalo kanye nodaka lwelayisi ukwakha amathempeli namahholo, ukusebenzisa usilika we-hemp kanye nodaka ukwakha izithombe zikaBuddha, ukusebenzisa amajoyinti amafushane otshani lukakolweni kanye nodaka oluphuzi ukwakha izindlu, ukusebenzisa izinwele zabantu nezilwane ukulungisa iziko, ukusebenzisa imicu ye-pulp, ilayisi, kanye ne-gypsum ukupenda izindonga nokwenza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-gypsum, njll. linda. Ukufaka imicu ezintweni eziyisisekelo zesamente ukwenza izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe kusimende esiqiniswe yi-fiber kuyindaba yamashumi eminyaka amuva nje.
Imikhiqizo yesamente, izingxenye noma izakhiwo ngokungenakugwenywa zizokhiqiza imifantu eminingi emincane ngenxa yokushintsha kwesakhiwo esincane kanye nomthamo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina kwesamente, futhi zizokhula ngezinguquko ekuncipheni kokomisa, izinguquko zokushisa, kanye nemithwalo yangaphandle. Uma zingaphansi kwamandla angaphandle, imifantu idlala indima ekukhawuleni nasekuvimbeleni ukwanda kwemifantu emincane. Imifantu iyahlukaniswa futhi i-isotropic, idla futhi inciphise ukucindezeleka, ivimbele ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemifantu, futhi idlala indima ekuvimbeleni imifantu.
Ukwengezwa kwemicu kungenza udaka oluxutshwe okomile lube nekhwalithi ephezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukungenwa kwamanzi, ukumelana nokuqhuma, ukumelana nokushayisana, ukumelana nokuqandisa, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokuguga neminye imisebenzi.
(3) I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi
I-Water reducer iyinhlanganisela yekhonkrithi enganciphisa inani lamanzi axutshwayo ngenkathi igcina ukuwohloka kwekhonkrithi kungashintshiwe. Iningi lazo liyi-anionic surfactants, njenge-lignosulfonate, i-naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, njll. Ngemva kokufakwa engxubeni yekhonkrithi, ingahlakaza izinhlayiya zekhonkrithi, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kweyunithi, ithuthukise ukugeleza kwengxube yekhonkrithi; noma inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwekhonkrithi yeyunithi futhi yonge usimende.
Ngokwekhono lokunciphisa nokuqinisa amanzi le-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, ihlukaniswe yaba i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi evamile (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-plasticizer, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alingaphansi kuka-8%, elimelelwa yi-lignosulfonate), i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-superplasticizer) i-Plasticizer, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alingaphansi kuka-14%, kufaka phakathi i-naphthalene, i-melamine, i-sulfamate, i-aliphatic, njll.) kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu (izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alingaphansi kuka-25%, i-polycarboxylic acid. Imelelwa yi-superplasticizer), futhi ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwamandla okuqala, uhlobo olujwayelekile kanye nohlobo olulahliwe.
Ngokwendlela amakhemikhali akhiwe ngayo, ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa kanje: ama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-lignosulfonate, ama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-naphthalene, ama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-melamine, ama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-sulfamate, kanye nama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-fatty acid. Ama-ejenti amanzi, ama-superplasticizer asekelwe ku-polycarboxylate.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ku-dry powder mortar kunezici ezilandelayo: i-simende self-leveling, i-gypsum self-leveling, i-mortar yokuplasta, i-mortar engangeni manzi, i-putty, njll.
Ukukhetha i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukene kanye nezakhiwo ezahlukene ze-mortar.
(4) I-ether yesitashi
I-starch ether isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-construction mortar, okungathinta ukuhambisana kwe-mortar ngokusekelwe ku-gypsum, usimende kanye ne-lime, futhi kushintshe ukwakheka kanye nokumelana nokuwa kwe-mortar. Ama-starch ether avame ukusetshenziswa kanye nama-non-modified and modified cellulose ethers. Ifaneleka kokubili izinhlelo ezingathathi hlangothi kanye ne-alkaline, futhi iyahambisana nezithasiselo eziningi emikhiqizweni ye-gypsum kanye ne-cement (njenge-surfactants, i-MC, i-starch kanye ne-polyvinyl acetate kanye namanye ama-polymer ancibilikayo emanzini).
Izici ze-starch ether zitholakala kakhulu ku: ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugoba; ukuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa; ukuthuthukisa isivuno se-mortar, esetshenziswa kakhulu ku: i-mortar eyenziwe ngesandla noma efuthwe ngomshini esekelwe kusimende ne-gypsum, i-caulk kanye ne-adhesive; i-adhesive yethayela; ukwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
Qaphela: Umthamo ojwayelekile we-starch ether ku-mortar ngu-0.01-0.1%.
(5) Ezinye izithasiselo:
I-air-entraining agent ifaka inani elikhulu lama-micro-bubbles asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba i-mortar, okunciphisa ukucindezelwa kobuso bamanzi axuba i-mortar, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekuhlakazekeni okungcono futhi kuncishiswe ukuphuma kwegazi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwengxube ye-mortar-concrete. Izithasiselo, ikakhulukazi amafutha i-Sodium sulfonate kanye ne-sodium sulfate, umthamo u-0.005-0.02%.
Ama-retarder asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-motar e-gypsum kanye nama-joint filler asekelwe ku-gypsum. Ngokuyinhloko usawoti we-asidi yezithelo, ovame ukungezwa ngenani elingu-0.05%-0.25%.
Izinto ezixosha amanzi (izixosha amanzi) zivimbela amanzi ukuthi angangeni esigqumeni, kuyilapho isigqumeni sihlala sivulekile ukuze umhwamuko wamanzi usabalale. Izimpushana eziphinde zihlakazeke nge-polymer ezingasetshenziswa kabusha yi-hydrophobic zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-Defoamer, ukusiza ukukhulula amabhamuza omoya afakwe futhi akhiqizwe ngesikhathi sokuxuba nokwakha udaka, ukuthuthukisa amandla okucindezela, ukuthuthukisa isimo sobuso, umthamo ongu-0.02-0.5%.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-09-2023