Ifu yumye ni ifu yumye ivanze na polimeri cyangwa ifu yumye ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ifu. Ni ubwoko bwa sima na gypsum nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Dukurikije ibisabwa mu nyubako bitandukanye, ifu yumye n'inyongeramusaruro byongerwaho mu rugero runaka. Ni ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya sima bishobora kuvangwa neza, bigatwarwa aho bwubakwa mu mifuka cyangwa mu bwinshi, kandi bigakoreshwa ako kanya nyuma yo kongeramo amazi.
Ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gusiga ifu yumye birimo kole y'amatafari yumye, ifu yumye irangi ku rukuta, ifu yumye irangi ku rukuta, beto yumye irangi, nibindi.
Udupira tw’ifu yumye muri rusange dufite nibura ibice bitatu: ibifunga, ibiteranyirizwa hamwe, n’ibiteranyirizwa mu mvange.
Ibigize ifu yumye:
1. Ibikoresho byo guhuza ibumba
(1) Kole idakomoka ku bimera:
Kole zisanzwe zirimo sima isanzwe ya Portland, sima ifite alumina nyinshi, sima yihariye, gypsum, anhydrite, nibindi.
(2) Kole ikoze mu buryo bw'umwimerere:
Kole y’umwimerere yerekeza ahanini ku ifu ya latex ishobora kongera gushonga, ikaba ari polymer ifite ifu ikorwa no kumisha neza (no gutoranya inyongera zikwiye) za emulsion ya polymer. Ifu ya polymer yumye n'amazi bihinduka emulsion. Ishobora kongera gukurwamo amazi, ku buryo uduce twa polymer dukora imiterere ya polymer muri sima, isa n'uburyo polymer emulsion ikorwamo, kandi ikagira uruhare mu guhindura sima.
Dukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye, guhindura ifu yumye hakoreshejwe ifu ya polymer ishobora gushonga bishobora kongera imbaraga zo gufatanya n'ibintu bitandukanye, no kunoza ubworoherane, ububobere, imbaraga zo kunama no kudashira kw'ifu, gukomera, guhuza n'ubucucike ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi n'ubwubatsi.
Ifu ya latex ishobora gukurwamo ikoreshwa mu gukurura ibintu byumye irimo ubwoko bukurikira: ① styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② styrene-acrylic aside copolymer; ③ vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Igiteranyo:
Ingano igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ingano ikomeye n'ingano nto. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize sima. Ikora cyane cyane nk'umugongo kandi ikagabanya impinduka mu bunini buterwa no kugabanuka no kubyimba kw'ibikoresho bitera sima mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no gukomera, kandi ikoreshwa nk'inyunganiramirire ihendutse ku bikoresho bitera sima. Hariho ingano karemano n'ingano z'ubukorano, iya mbere nka amabuye, utubuye, pumice, umucanga karemano, nibindi; iya nyuma nka cinder, slag, ceramsite, expanded perlite, nibindi.
3. Inyongeramusaruro z'ibumba
(1) Eteri ya selulosi:
Muri mortila yumye, ingano y’inyongera ya eteri ya selulosi iba iri hasi cyane (muri rusange 0.02%-0.7%), ariko ishobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya mortila itose, kandi ni inyongera nyamukuru igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwubatsi bwa mortila.
Mu ifu yumye, kubera ko cellulose ya ionic idahindagurika iyo hari iyoni za kalisiyumu, ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'ifu yumye bikoresha sima, lime yaciwe, nibindi nk'ibikoresho byo gusima. Hydroxyethyl cellulose ikoreshwa kandi muri bimwe mu bikoresho by'ifu yumye, ariko igice cyayo ni gito cyane.
Eteri za selulosi zikoreshwa muri mortila yumye ni hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), izwi nka MC.
Ibiranga MC: Gufatana no kubaka ni ibintu bibiri bigira ingaruka kuri buri kimwe; kubika amazi, kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yashira vuba, bityo ubunini bw'urukuta rwa sima bugabanuke cyane.
(2) fibre irwanya uduce
Ntabwo ari ubuvumbuzi bwakozwe n'abantu ba none kuvanga imigozi mu gishishwa nk'ibikoresho birwanya imiyoboro. Mu bihe bya kera, abakurambere bacu bakoreshaga imigozi karemano nk'ibikoresho bikomeza imigozi ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bidafite umwimerere, nko kuvanga imigozi y'ibimera n'igishishwa cy'indimu kugira ngo bubake Insengero n'amazu, gukoresha ubudodo bwa hemp n'igishishwa mu gushushanya amashusho ya Buddha, gukoresha ibishishwa by'ingano n'igishishwa cy'umuhondo kugira ngo bubake amazu, gukoresha ubwoya bw'abantu n'ubw'inyamaswa mu gusana amashyiga, gukoresha imigozi ya pulp, indimu, na gypsum mu gusiga irangi ku nkuta no gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye bya gypsum, nibindi. Gutegereza. Kongeramo imigozi mu bikoresho by'ibanze bya sima kugira ngo hakorwe ibintu bivanze bishingiye kuri sima bikozwe muri fibre ni ikibazo cy'imyaka mike ishize.
Ibikoresho bya sima, ibice cyangwa inyubako nta kabuza bizakora uduce duto duto bitewe n'impinduka mu miterere n'ingano ya sima mu gihe cyo gukomera kwayo, kandi bizakura hamwe n'impinduka mu kumisha, impinduka z'ubushyuhe, n'imitwaro yo hanze. Iyo ikoreshejwe imbaraga zo hanze, uduce duto bigira uruhare mu kugabanya no kubangamira kwaguka kw'uduce duto duto. Uduce duto duhinduka kandi tukaba isotropic, dukoresha kandi tugatuza stress, tukarinda ko uduce duto dukomeza kwiyongera, kandi tukagira uruhare mu kuziba uduce duto.
Kongeramo insinga bishobora gutuma sima yumye ivanze neza, ifite imikorere myiza, ikomeye, idacika, idapfa gucika, idaturika, idakira ingaruka, idacika intege, idashira, idasaza n'indi mirimo.
(3) Umuti ugabanya amazi
Igabanya amazi ni imvange ya beto ishobora kugabanya ingano y'amazi avanga mu gihe ikomeza kugwa kwa beto idahinduka. Inyinshi muri zo ni anionic surfactants, nka lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, n'izindi. Nyuma yo kongerwa ku mvange ya beto, ishobora gukwirakwiza uduce twa sima, kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amazi, kongera ubushyuhe bw'imvange ya beto; cyangwa kugabanya ikoreshwa rya sima no kuzigama sima.
Dukurikije ubushobozi bwo kugabanya no gukomeza amazi bw'umuti ugabanya amazi, ugabanyijemo umuti usanzwe ugabanya amazi (uzwi kandi nka plasticizer, igipimo cyo kugabanya amazi kiri munsi ya 8%, kigaragazwa na lignosulfonate), umuti ugabanya amazi neza cyane (uzwi kandi nka superplasticizer), umuti ugabanya amazi uri munsi ya 14%, harimo naphthalene, melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic, nibindi) n'umuti ugabanya amazi mwinshi (igipimo cyo kugabanya amazi kiri munsi ya 25%, aside polycarboxylic. Igaragazwa na superplasticizer), kandi igabanyijemo ubwoko bw'imbaraga zo mu ntangiriro, ubwoko busanzwe n'ubwoko bwa retarded.
Dukurikije imiterere y'imiti, ubusanzwe igabanyijemo: superplasticizers zishingiye kuri lignosulfonate, superplasticizers zishingiye kuri naphthalene, superplasticizers zishingiye kuri melamine, superplasticizers zishingiye kuri sulfamate, na superplasticizers zishingiye kuri aside irike. Ibintu bitanga amazi, superplasticizers zishingiye kuri polycarboxylate.
Gukoresha umuti ugabanya amazi mu ifu yumye bifite ibi bikurikira: kwipima sima, kwipima gypsum, imashini yo gusiga irangi, imashini idakingwa n'amazi, putty, nibindi.
Amahitamo y'ikintu gigabanya amazi agomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye n'imiterere itandukanye ya sima.
(4) Eteri y'ibinyampeke
Ifu ya sitashi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma by’ubwubatsi, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ifu ya sitashi ishingiye kuri gypsum, sima na lime, kandi bigahindura imiterere n’ubudahangarwa bwa sitashi. Ifu ya sitashi ikoreshwa cyane hamwe na eteri za cellulose zitahinduwe cyangwa zahinduwe. Ikwiriye haba muri sisitemu zidafite aho zibogamiye cyangwa iz’alkaline, kandi ijyanye n’inyongera nyinshi mu bikoresho bya gypsum na sima (nk’ibinyabutabire, MC, sitashi na polyvinyl acetate n’izindi polymer zishongesha amazi).
Ibiranga eteri ya sitashi ahanini biri mu: kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'amazi; kunoza ubwubatsi; kunoza umusaruro wa sima, ahanini ikoreshwa mu: sima ikozwe n'intoki cyangwa ifashishijwe imashini ishingiye kuri sima na gypsum, caulk na kole; kole ya tile; sima yo kubaka.
Icyitonderwa: Igipimo gisanzwe cya eteri ya sitashi muri mortila ni 0.01-0.1%.
(5) Izindi nyongeramusaruro:
Iyi mashini ifasha mu guhumeka ishyiramo utubuto duto dukwirakwira mu buryo bumwe mu gihe cyo kuvanga imvange y'imvange, ibi bigabanya imbaraga z'ubuso bw'imvange y'amazi, bityo bigatuma amazi akwirakwira neza kandi bigabanyiriza kuva amaraso no gutandukanya imvange y'i ...
Ibikoresho birekura bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bicukura gypsum n'ibice bicukura gypsum. Ni umunyu ukomoka ku mbuto, akenshi wongerwamo ingano ya 0.05%-0.25%.
Ibintu birwanya amazi bibuza amazi kwinjira muri mortiwo, mu gihe mortiwo iguma ifunguye kugira ngo umwuka w'amazi ukwirakwire. Ifu ya polymer ishobora gukurwamo amazi ni yo ikoreshwa cyane cyane.
Defoamer, ifasha kurekura utubumbe tw’umwuka twinjijwemo kandi tugakorwa mu gihe cyo kuvanga no kubaka sima, kongera imbaraga zo gukanda, kunoza imiterere y’ubuso, ingano ya 0.02-0.5%.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-09-2023