Cov hmoov av qhuav yog cov hmoov av polymer qhuav sib xyaw lossis cov hmoov av qhuav ua ntej. Nws yog ib hom cement thiab gypsum ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev sib txawv, cov hmoov av qhuav thiab cov khoom ntxiv tau ntxiv rau hauv qee qhov sib piv. Nws yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw kom sib npaug, thauj mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho hauv hnab lossis ua ntau, thiab tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha tom qab ntxiv dej.
Cov khoom siv hmoov qhuav feem ntau suav nrog cov nplaum hmoov qhuav rau pobzeb, txheej hmoov qhuav rau phab ntsa, hmoov qhuav rau phab ntsa, pob zeb hmoov qhuav, thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau cov hmoov av qhuav muaj tsawg kawg yog peb yam khoom: cov khoom sib txuas, cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab cov khoom ntxiv rau cov av.
Cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov hmoov qhuav mortar:
1. Cov khoom siv sib txuas ua ke
(1) Cov nplaum tsis muaj organic:
Cov nplaum inorganic suav nrog cov cement Portland ib txwm muaj, cov cement alumina siab, cov cement tshwj xeeb, gypsum, anhydrite, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Cov nplaum organic:
Cov nplaum organic feem ntau yog hais txog cov hmoov latex uas tawg tau dua, uas yog cov polymer hmoov uas tsim los ntawm kev ziab kom qhuav (thiab xaiv cov khoom ntxiv tsim nyog) ntawm polymer emulsion. Cov hmoov polymer qhuav thiab dej ua emulsion. Nws tuaj yeem qhuav dua, yog li cov khoom polymer tsim cov qauv polymer hauv cov cement mortar, uas zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem polymer emulsion, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hloov kho cov cement mortar.
Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov feem sib txawv, kev hloov kho ntawm cov hmoov qhuav mortar nrog cov hmoov polymer redispersible tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog sib txuas nrog ntau yam substrates, thiab txhim kho qhov yooj ywm, deformability, bending zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov mortar, toughness, cohesion thiab ceev nrog rau dej tuav peev xwm thiab kev tsim kho.
Cov hmoov latex uas rov tawg ua dua tshiab rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw qhuav feem ntau suav nrog cov hom hauv qab no: ① styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Kev sib sau ua ke:
Cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke muaj ob hom: cov pob zeb loj thiab cov pob zeb me. Nws yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Nws feem ntau ua haujlwm ua lub cev pob txha thiab txo qhov ntim ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev o thiab o ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab ua kom tawv, thiab nws kuj siv los ua cov khoom siv pheej yig rau cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke. Muaj cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke ntuj thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke dag, cov qub xws li xuab zeb, pob zeb me me, pob zeb pumice, xuab zeb ntuj, thiab lwm yam; cov tom kawg xws li cinder, slag, ceramsite, expanded perlite, thiab lwm yam.
3. Cov tshuaj ntxiv rau cov av nplaum
(1) Cellulose ether:
Hauv cov mortar qhuav, qhov ntxiv ntawm cellulose ether yog tsawg heev (feem ntau 0.02% -0.7%), tab sis nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov mortar ntub, thiab nws yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov mortar.
Hauv cov hmoov qhuav, vim tias ionic cellulose tsis ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov muaj calcium ions, nws tsis tshua muaj siv rau hauv cov khoom hmoov qhuav uas siv cement, slaked lime, thiab lwm yam ua cov khoom cementing. Hydroxyethyl cellulose kuj tseem siv rau hauv qee cov khoom hmoov qhuav, tab sis qhov sib koom ua ke yog me me heev.
Cov cellulose ethers siv rau hauv cov hmoov qhuav mortar feem ntau yog hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) thiab hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), hu ua MC.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm MC: Kev nplaum thiab kev tsim kho yog ob yam uas cuam tshuam rau ib leeg; kev khaws dej, kom tsis txhob muaj dej evaporation sai, yog li ntawd qhov tuab ntawm cov txheej mortar tuaj yeem txo qis.
(2) cov fiber tiv thaiv kev tawg
Nws tsis yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no los sib tov cov fibers rau hauv cov mortar ua cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tawg. Nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum ub, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau siv cov fibers ntuj ua cov khoom siv tiv thaiv rau qee cov inorganic binders, xws li sib tov cov nroj tsuag fibers thiab lime mortar los tsim cov Tuam Tsev thiab cov tsev loj, siv hemp silk thiab av nkos los ua cov duab puab Buddha, siv cov pob qij txha luv luv thiab cov av nkos daj los tsim cov tsev, siv cov plaub hau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu los kho cov qhov cub, siv cov pulp fibers, lime, thiab gypsum los pleev xim rau phab ntsa thiab ua ntau yam khoom gypsum, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv cov fibers rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cement los ua cov fiber reinforced cement-based composites tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm xyoo caum tsis ntev los no.
Cov khoom siv cement, cov khoom sib xyaw, lossis cov tsev yuav tsim ntau qhov me me vim yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv me me thiab qhov ntim thaum lub sijhawm ua kom cov cement tawv, thiab yuav nthuav dav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev qhuav shrinkage, kev hloov pauv kub, thiab cov khoom sab nraud. Thaum raug lub zog sab nraud, cov fibers ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txwv thiab cuam tshuam kev nthuav dav ntawm cov kab me me. Cov fibers yog criss-crossed thiab isotropic, noj thiab txo kev ntxhov siab, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev thaiv cov kab nrib pleb.
Qhov ntxiv cov fibers tuaj yeem ua rau cov mortar qhuav-mixed muaj qhov zoo, kev ua haujlwm siab, lub zog siab, tawg tsis kam, impermeability, tawg tsis kam, cuam tshuam tsis kam, khov-thaw tsis kam, hnav tsis kam, laus tsis kam thiab lwm yam haujlwm.
(3) Tus neeg sawv cev txo dej
Cov tshuaj txo dej yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas tuaj yeem txo cov dej sib tov thaum tseem tswj tau qhov poob ntawm cov pob zeb tsis hloov pauv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tshuaj anionic surfactants, xws li lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab ntxiv rau hauv cov pob zeb sib tov, nws tuaj yeem faib cov cement me me, txhim kho nws txoj haujlwm, txo cov dej siv, txhim kho kev ntws ntawm cov pob zeb sib tov; lossis txo cov cement siv thiab txuag cement.
Raws li lub peev xwm txo dej thiab ua kom muaj zog ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo dej, nws muab faib ua tus neeg sawv cev txo dej ib txwm (tseem hu ua plasticizer, tus nqi txo dej tsis tsawg dua 8%, sawv cev los ntawm lignosulfonate), tus neeg sawv cev txo dej ua haujlwm siab (tseem hu ua superplasticizer) Plasticizer, tus nqi txo dej tsis tsawg dua 14%, suav nrog naphthalene, melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic, thiab lwm yam) thiab tus neeg sawv cev txo dej ua haujlwm siab (tus nqi txo dej tsis tsawg dua 25%, polycarboxylic acid Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm superplasticizer), thiab nws muab faib ua hom zog thaum ntxov, hom txheem thiab hom qeeb.
Raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw, nws feem ntau muab faib ua: lignosulfonate-based superplasticizers, naphthalene-based superplasticizers, melamine-based superplasticizers, sulfamate-based superplasticizers, thiab fatty acid-based superplasticizers. Cov neeg sawv cev dej, polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov neeg sawv cev txo dej hauv cov hmoov qhuav mortar muaj cov hauv qab no: cement self-leveling, gypsum self-leveling, mortar rau plastering, mortar waterproof, putty, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav tsum xaiv cov neeg sawv cev txo dej raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw sib txawv thiab cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov mortar.
(4) Hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether
Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj khib nyiab, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab raws li gypsum, cement thiab lime, thiab hloov pauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tiv thaiv sag ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ethers feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog cov cellulose ethers uas tsis hloov kho thiab hloov kho. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau ob qho tib si nruab nrab thiab alkaline systems, thiab sib xws nrog feem ntau cov khoom ntxiv hauv gypsum thiab cov khoom cement (xws li surfactants, MC, hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab polyvinyl acetate thiab lwm yam polymers uas yaj hauv dej).
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv: txhim kho kev tiv thaiv sag; txhim kho kev tsim kho; txhim kho cov qoob loo mortar, feem ntau yog siv rau: ua tes lossis tshuab-tshuaj tsuag mortar raws li cement thiab gypsum, caulk thiab nplaum; vuas nplaum; masonry Tsim mortar.
Lus Cim: Cov tshuaj starch ether ib txwm muaj hauv mortar yog 0.01-0.1%.
(5) Lwm yam khoom ntxiv:
Tus neeg sawv cev rau huab cua nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv ua kom muaj ntau lub npuas me me uas sib npaug thaum lub sijhawm sib tov ntawm cov tshuaj khib, uas txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov dej sib tov ntawm cov tshuaj khib, yog li ua rau muaj kev sib kis zoo dua thiab txo qhov kev los ntshav thiab kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj khib thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Cov khoom ntxiv, feem ntau yog cov rog Sodium sulfonate thiab sodium sulfate, qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 0.005-0.02%.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov gypsum mortars thiab gypsum-based joint fillers. Nws feem ntau yog cov ntsev kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, feem ntau ntxiv rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.05% -0.25%.
Cov tshuaj hydrophobic (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej) tiv thaiv dej kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov mortar, thaum cov mortar tseem qhib rau cov pa dej kom nthuav tawm. Cov hmoov hydrophobic polymer redispersible feem ntau yog siv.
Tshuaj ua npuas dej, los pab tso cov pa npuas uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm sib tov thiab tsim cov mortar, txhim kho lub zog compressive, txhim kho qhov chaw zoo, koob tshuaj 0.02-0.5%.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-09-2023