Udaka lomgubo owomileyo ludaka oluxutyiweyo lwepolymer okanye udaka oluxutyiweyo olulungiselelwe umgubo owomileyo. Luhlobo lwesamente kunye negypsum njengezinto ezisisiseko eziphambili. Ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, ii-aggregates zokwakha umgubo owomileyo kunye nezongezo zongezwa ngomlinganiselo othile. Ludaka lokwakha oluxutyiweyo olunokuxutywa ngokulinganayo, luthuthwe luye kwindawo yokwakha ngeengxowa okanye ngobuninzi, kwaye lungasetyenziswa ngqo emva kokongeza amanzi.
Iimveliso zedaka zomgubo owomileyo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-adhesive yethayile yomgubo owomileyo, i-dry powder wall coating, i-dry powder wall mortar, i-dry powder concrete, njl.njl.
Umgubo owomileyo we-mortar udla ngokuba nezinto ezintathu ubuncinane: i-binder, i-aggregate, kunye nezongezo ze-mortar.
Ukwakheka kwezinto eziluhlaza zesamente eyomileyo:
1. Izinto zokubopha zedaka
(1) Iglu engabonakaliyo:
Izinto zokuncamathelisa ezingaphiliyo ziquka isamente eqhelekileyo yasePortland, isamente ye-alumina eninzi, isamente ekhethekileyo, i-gypsum, i-anhydrite, njl.
(2) Izinto zokuncamathelisa eziphilayo:
I-adhesive yendalo ibhekisa kakhulu kumgubo we-latex ophinda unyibilike, oyi-polymer engumgubo eyenziwe ngokutshiza ngokuchanekileyo (kunye nokukhethwa kwezongezo ezifanelekileyo) ze-polymer emulsion. Umgubo we-polymer owomileyo kunye namanzi ziba yi-emulsion. Ingaphinda ikhutshwe emanzini, ukuze amasuntswana e-polymer enze isakhiwo somzimba we-polymer kwi-samente mortar, efana nenkqubo ye-polymer emulsion, kwaye idlala indima ekuguquleni i-samente mortar.
Ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo, ukuguqulwa kwe-mortar yomgubo owomileyo nge-polymer powder ephinda inyibilike kunokuphucula amandla okubopha kunye ne-substrates ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kuphucule ukuguquguquka, ukuguquguquka, amandla okugoba kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwe-mortar, ukuqina, ukuhambelana kunye noxinano kunye namandla okugcina amanzi kunye nokwakhiwa.
Umgubo welatex ophinda udibane nodaka oluxutyiweyo owomileyo uquka ezi ntlobo zilandelayo: ① i-styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② i-styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ i-vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ i-polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ i-Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ i-Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Isimbuku:
I-Aggregate yahlulwe yaba yi-aggregate erhabaxa kunye ne-aggregate entle. Enye yezinto eziphambili zekhonkrithi. Isebenza njengesakhelo kwaye inciphisa utshintsho lomthamo olubangelwa kukushwabana kunye nokudumba kwezinto eziqinisa isamente ngexesha lokuseta kunye nenkqubo yokuqina, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa njengesizalisi esingabizi kakhulu sezinto eziqinisa isamente. Kukho ii-aggregate zendalo kunye nee-aggregate ezenziweyo, ezo zokuqala ezifana negravel, pebbles, pumice, natural sand, njl.njl.; ezo zamva nje ezifana ne-cinder, slag, ceramsite, expanded perlite, njl.njl.
3. Izongezo zedaka
(1) I-ether yeseli:
Kwi-mortar eyomileyo, ubungakanani bokongeza i-cellulose ether buphantsi kakhulu (ngokubanzi yi-0.02%-0.7%), kodwa inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi, kwaye sisongezelelo esiphambili esichaphazela ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
Kwi-dry powder mortar, kuba i-ionic cellulose ayizinzanga xa kukho i-calcium ions, ayisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimveliso ze-dry powder ezisebenzisa isamente, i-slaked lime, njl.njl. njengezinto zokufaka isamente. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ikwasetyenziswa kwezinye iimveliso ze-dry powder, kodwa isabelo sincinci kakhulu.
Ii-cellulose ethers ezisetyenziswa kwi-dry powder mortar ikakhulu yi-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), ebizwa ngokuba yi-MC.
Iimpawu ze-MC: Ukuncamathela kunye nokwakhiwa zizinto ezimbini ezichaphazela omnye komnye; ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuthintela ukufuma kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza, ukuze ubukhulu bomaleko wesamente buncitshiswe kakhulu.
(2) ifayibha elwa nokuqhekeka
Asikuko ukuveliswa ngabantu banamhlanje ukuxuba imicu ibe ludaka njengezinto zokuqinisa ezichasene nokuqhekeka. Kumaxesha amandulo, ookhokho bethu bebesebenzisa imicu yendalo njengezinto zokuqinisa ezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo, njengokuxuba imicu yezityalo kunye nodaka lwelayisi ukwakha iiTemple kunye neeholo, ukusebenzisa isilika yehemp kunye nodaka ukwenza imifanekiso kaBuddha, ukusebenzisa izihlanganisi ezimfutshane zengca yengqolowa kunye nodaka olutyheli ukwakha izindlu, ukusebenzisa uboya babantu kunye nezilwanyana ukulungisa iziko, ukusebenzisa imicu yepulp, ilayisi, kunye negypsum ukupeyinta iindonga nokwenza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zegypsum, njl. njl. ukulinda. Ukongeza imicu kwizixhobo zesiseko sesamente ukwenza izinto ezidityanisiweyo zesamente ezisekelwe kwifayibha yinto yamashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
Iimveliso zesamente, izinto okanye izakhiwo ngokungenakuphepheka ziya kuvelisa ii-microcracks ezininzi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwesakhiwo se-micro kunye nomthamo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqina kwesamente, kwaye ziya kwanda ngotshintsho ekuncipheni kokomisa, utshintsho lobushushu, kunye nemithwalo yangaphandle. Xa ziphantsi kwamandla angaphandle, ii-fibers zidlala indima ekunciphiseni nasekuthinteleni ukwanda kwee-micro-cracks. Ii-fibers zi-criss-crossed kwaye ziyi-isotropic, zidla kwaye zinciphise uxinzelelo, zithintela uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwee-cracks, kwaye zidlala indima ekuvaleni ii-cracks.
Ukongezwa kweefayibha kunokwenza ukuba udaka oluxutywe nomileyo lube nomgangatho ophezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukungakwazi ukungena, ukumelana nokuqhuma, ukumelana neempembelelo, ukumelana nokuqandusela, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokwaluphala kunye neminye imisebenzi.
(3) Iarhente yokunciphisa amanzi
I-Water reducer yi-concrete admixture enokunciphisa ubuninzi bamanzi axutywayo ngelixa igcina ukudilika kwe-concrete kungatshintshanga. Uninzi lwazo zii-anionic surfactants, ezifana ne-lignosulfonate, i-naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, njl. Emva kokuba yongezwe kumxube we-concrete, inokusasaza amasuntswana e-samente, iphucule ukusebenza kwayo, inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiyunithi, iphucule ukunyibilika komxube we-concrete; okanye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwe-unit cement kwaye yonge isamente.
Ngokwendlela yokunciphisa nokuqinisa amanzi yearhente yokunciphisa amanzi, yahlulwe yaba yiarhente yokunciphisa amanzi eqhelekileyo (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-plasticizer, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphantsi kwe-8%, emelwe yi-lignosulfonate), iarhente yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kakuhle (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-superplasticizer) iPlasticizer, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphantsi kwe-14%, kuquka i-naphthalene, i-melamine, i-sulfamate, i-aliphatic, njl.njl.) kunye nearhente yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kakuhle (izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphantsi kwe-25%, i-polycarboxylic acid. Imelwe yi-superplasticizer), kwaye yahlulwe yaba yi-early strength type, standard type kunye ne-retarded type.
Ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iikhemikhali, zihlala zahlulwe zibe: ii-superplasticizers ezisekelwe kwi-lignosulfonate, ii-superplasticizers ezisekelwe kwi-naphthalene, ii-superplasticizers ezisekelwe kwi-melamine, ii-superplasticizers ezisekelwe kwi-sulfamate, kunye nee-superplasticizers ezisekelwe kwi-fatty acid. Iiarhente zamanzi, ii-superplasticizers ezisekelwe kwi-polycarboxylate.
Ukusetyenziswa kwearhente yokunciphisa amanzi kwi-dry powder mortar kunezi zinto zilandelayo: i-samente self-leveling, i-gypsum self-leveling, i-mortar yokuplasta, i-mortar engangeni manzi, i-putty, njl.
Ukukhetha iarhente yokunciphisa amanzi kufuneka kukhethwe ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zedaka.
(4) I-ether yesitatshi
I-starch ether isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-construction mortar, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ukuhambelana kwe-mortar ngokusekelwe kwi-gypsum, isamente kunye ne-lime, kwaye itshintshe ukwakhiwa kunye nokumelana nokuwa kwe-mortar. I-starch ethers idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye ne-non-modified and modified cellulose ethers. Ifanelekile kwiinkqubo ezingathathi hlangothi kunye ne-alkaline, kwaye iyahambelana nezinye izongezo ezininzi kwi-gypsum kunye neemveliso zesamente (ezifana ne-surfactants, i-MC, i-starch kunye ne-polyvinyl acetate kunye nezinye ii-polymers ezinyibilikayo emanzini).
Iimpawu ze-starch ether zibalasele kakhulu kwezi: ukuphucula ukumelana nokuwa; ukuphucula ulwakhiwo; ukuphucula isivuno se-mortar, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi: i-mortar eyenziwe ngesandla okanye etshizwa ngomatshini esekelwe kwisamente kunye ne-gypsum, i-caulk kunye ne-adhesive; i-adhesive yethayile; i-masonry i-build mortar.
Qaphela: Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo we-starch ether kwi-mortar yi-0.01-0.1%.
(5) Ezinye izongezo:
Isixhobo sokungenisa umoya singenisa inani elikhulu lamaqamza amancinci asasazwa ngokulinganayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba i-mortar, nto leyo enciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wamanzi axutywa yi-mortar, ngaloo ndlela ikhokelele ekusasazekeni okungcono kwaye kuncitshiswe ukopha kunye nokwahlulwa komxube we-mortar-concrete. Izongezo, ikakhulu amafutha i-Sodium sulfonate kunye ne-sodium sulfate, idosi yi-0.005-0.02%.
Ii-retarders zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-gypsum mortars nakwi-gypsum-based joint fillers. Ngokuyintloko ziityuwa ze-fruit acid, ezidla ngokufakwa kwisixa se-0.05%-0.25%.
Izinto ezithintela amanzi ukuba angangeni kwi-mortar, ngelixa i-mortar ihlala ivulekile ukuze umphunga wamanzi usasazeke. Iipowders eziphinda zinyibilike ze-polymer ezihlala zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
I-Defoamer, ukunceda ukukhulula amaqamza omoya afakwe kwaye aveliswa ngexesha lokuxuba nokwakha i-mortar, ukuphucula amandla okuxinzelela, ukuphucula imeko yomphezulu, kunye nomthamo we-0.02-0.5%.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-09-2023