Dry powder mortar idhaka rakasanganiswa nepolymer rakaoma kana dhaka rakaoma rakagadzirwa nepolymer. Imhando yesimende negypsum sezvinhu zvikuru zvekuvaka. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekuvaka, zvinhu zvekuvaka zveupfu hwakaoma nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvinowedzerwa muchikamu chakati. Idhaka rekuvaka rinogona kusanganiswa zvakaenzana, kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekuvaka mumabhegi kana muhuwandu, uye rinogona kushandiswa zvakananga mushure mekuwedzera mvura.
Zvigadzirwa zvedhaka rehupfu hwakaoma zvinowanzo sanganisira kunamira mataira ehupfu hwakaoma, kufukidza madziro ehupfu hwakaoma, dhaka remadziro ehupfu hwakaoma, kongiri yehupfu hwakaoma, nezvimwewo.
Dry powder mortar inowanzova nezvinhu zvitatu: binder, aggregate, uye mortar additives.
Kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvisina kuchena zvedhaka reupfu hwakaoma:
1. Zvinhu zvinobatanidza dhaka
(1) Namatira isina makemikari:
Zvinonamira zvisina kugadzirwa zvinosanganisira simende yePortland yakajairika, simende ine alumina yakawanda, simende yakakosha, gypsum, anhydrite, nezvimwewo.
(2) Zvinonamira zvechisikigo:
Chinonamira cheorganic chinonyanya kureva upfu hwelatex hunonyungudika, inova polymer ine upfu inoumbwa nekuomesa nemazvo (uye kusarudzwa kwezvimwe zvinowedzerwa zvakakodzera) zve polymer emulsion. Upfu hwe polymer yakaoma nemvura zvinova emulsion. Zvinogona kuomeswa nemvura zvakare, kuitira kuti zvidimbu zve polymer zvigadzire chimiro chemuviri we polymer mu cement mortar, iyo yakafanana ne polymer emulsion process, uye inoita basa rekugadzirisa cement mortar.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakasiyana, kugadziriswa kwedhaka reupfu hwakaoma nepolymer powder inonyungudika inogona kuvandudza simba rekubatanidza ne substrates dzakasiyana-siyana, uye kuvandudza kuchinjika, kuchinjika, simba rekukotama uye kuramba kupfeka kwedhaka, kuomarara, kubatana uye kuwanda pamwe nekugona kuchengetedza mvura nekuvaka.
Upfu hwelatex hunonyungudika hwedhaka rakaoma hunosanganisira mhando dzinotevera: ① styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Zvose zvakabatanidzwa:
Aggregate yakakamurwa kuita coarse aggregate ne fine aggregate. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba kongiri. Inonyanya kushanda se skeleton uye inoderedza kushanduka kwehuwandu kunokonzerwa nekupwanyika nekuzvimba kwechinhu chinosimbisa panguva yekugadzika nekuomesa, uye inoshandiswawo sekuzadza zvinhu zvinosimbisa. Kune zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinosanganisa aggregate ne artificial aggregates, yekutanga yakaita sematombo, matombo, pumice, jecha rechisikigo, nezvimwewo; yekupedzisira yakaita se cinder, slag, ceramsite, expanded perlite, nezvimwewo.
3. Zvinowedzerwa zvevhu
(1) Cellulose ether:
Mudhaka rakaoma, huwandu hwekuwedzera kwe cellulose ether hwakaderera zvikuru (kazhinji 0.02%-0.7%), asi hunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro edhaka rakanyorova, uye chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa mashandiro ekuvaka kwedhaka.
Mumortar yeupfu hwakaoma, nekuti ionic cellulose haina kugadzikana kana paine calcium ions, haiwanzo shandiswa muzvigadzirwa zveupfu hwakaoma zvinoshandisa simende, lime yakaslaked, nezvimwewo sezvinhu zvekusimbisa. Hydroxyethyl cellulose inoshandiswawo mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveupfu hwakaoma, asi chikamu chacho chidiki kwazvo.
Ma ether e cellulose anoshandiswa mu dry powder mortar anonyanya kushandiswa mu hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) uye hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), inonzi MC.
Hunhu hweMC: Kunamira uye kuvakwa kwezvinhu zviviri zvinopesvedzerana; kuchengetedza mvura, kudzivirira kupwa kwemvura nekukurumidza, kuitira kuti ukobvu hwedhaka remota huderere zvakanyanya.
(2) faibha inodzivirira kutsemuka
Hazvisi zvinhu zvakatangwa nevanhu vemazuva ano kusanganisa machira kuita dhaka sezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupwanyika kwematombo. Kare kare, madzitateguru edu aishandisa machira echisikigo sezvinhu zvinosimbisa mamwe mabhindi asina kugadzirwa, akadai sekusanganisa machira emiti nedhaka remeti kuvaka maTembere nemahoro, kushandisa hemp silk nedhaka kugadzira zvifananidzo zveBuddha, kushandisa majoini mapfupi ehuswa hwegorosi nedhaka reyero kuvaka dzimba, kushandisa bvudzi revanhu neremhuka kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzemoto, kushandisa machira epulp, lime, negypsum kupenda madziro nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvegypsum, nezvimwewo. Kuisa machira muzvinhu zvepasi zvesimende kugadzira macomposites akavakirwa padaka remeti inyaya yemakumi emakore achangopfuura.
Zvigadzirwa zvesimende, zvikamu kana zvivakwa zvichaburitsa zvidimbu zvakawanda zvema microcracks nekuda kwekuchinja kwechimiro che microstructure uye vhoriyamu panguva yekuoma kwesimende, uye zvichawedzera nekuchinja kwekuoma, shanduko dzetembiricha, uye mutoro wekunze. Kana zvikashandiswa nesimba rekunze, fibers dzinoita basa rekudzikamisa nekudzivirira kukura kwezvidimbu zvidiki. Fibers idzi dzinosanganiswa uye dzinoshandiswa isotropic, dzinodya uye dzinoderedza kushushikana, dzinodzivirira kukura kwezvidimbu, uye dzinoita basa rekuvhara zvidimbu.
Kuwedzerwa kwemafaibha kunogona kuita kuti dhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura rive remhando yepamusoro, rinoshanda zvakanaka, rine simba guru, rinodzivirira kutsemuka, risingapindi mvura, rinodzivirira kuputika, rinodzivirira kukuvadzwa, rinodzivirira kuomeswa nechando, rinodzivirira kusakara, rinodzivirira kukwegura nezvimwe zvinhu.
(3) Chinhu chinodzikisa mvura
Chinoderedza mvura musanganiswa wekongiri unogona kuderedza huwandu hwemvura inosanganiswa ukuwo kongiri isingachinji. Mazhinji acho anosanganisira anionic surfactants, akadai se lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, nezvimwewo. Mushure mekuwedzerwa kumusanganiswa wekongiri, inogona kuparadzira zvidimbu zvesimende, kuvandudza kushanda kwayo, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura muyuniti, kuwedzera kuyerera kwemusanganiswa wekongiri; kana kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimende muyuniti uye kuchengetedza simende.
Zvichienderana nekugona kwemushonga wekuderedza mvura nekusimbisa mvura, wakakamurwa kuita musanganiswa wekuderedza mvura wakajairika (unozivikanwawo seplasticizer, mwero wekuderedza mvura hausi pasi pe8%, unomiririrwa nelignosulfonate), musanganiswa wekuderedza mvura unoshanda zvakanyanya (unozivikanwawo sesuperplasticizer), musanganiswa wekuderedza mvura hausi pasi pe14%, kusanganisira naphthalene, melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic, nezvimwewo) uye musanganiswa wekuderedza mvura unoshanda zvakanyanya (mwero wekuderedza mvura hausi pasi pe25%, polycarboxylic acid. Inomiririrwa nesuperplasticizer), uye yakakamurwa kuita mhando dzesimba rekutanga, mhando yakajairika uye mhando yakadzorwa.
Zvichienderana nemakemikari aripo, inowanzo kamurwa kuita: ma superplasticizers ane lignosulfonate, ma superplasticizers ane naphthalene, ma superplasticizers ane melamine, ma superplasticizers ane sulfamate, uye ma superplasticizers ane fatty acid. Zvinoumba mvura, ma superplasticizers ane polycarboxylate.
Kushandiswa kwechinhu chinodzikisa mvura mudry powder mortar kune zvinotevera: simende inodzienzanisa, gypsum inodzienzanisa, dhaka rekupurasita, dhaka risingapindi mvura, putty, nezvimwewo.
Sarudzo yechinhu chinodzikisa mvura inofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye hunhu hwakasiyana hwedhaka.
(4) Starch ether
Starch ether inonyanya kushandiswa mudura rekuvaka, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuenderana kwedura zvichibva pagypsum, simende nelime, uye zvinoshandura kuvakwa nekusagadzikana kwedura. Starch ethers dzinowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete ne non-modified uye modified cellulose ethers. Yakakodzera kune ese ari maviri nealkaline systems, uye inoenderana nezvakawanda zvinowedzera muzvigadzirwa zvegypsum nesimende (zvakadai se surfactants, MC, starch ne polyvinyl acetate nedzimwe polymers dzinonyungudika mumvura).
Hunhu hwe starch ether hunonyanya kuva mu: kuvandudza kuramba kwemvura; kuvandudza kuvaka; kuvandudza goho re dhaka, rinonyanya kushandiswa pa: dhaka rakagadzirwa nemaoko kana rakapfapfaidzwa nemuchina rakavakirwa pa simende ne gypsum, caulk ne namira; namira yemataira; masonry Build mortar.
Cherechedza: Chiyero che starch ether mumortar chinowanzo shandiswa 0.01-0.1%.
(5) Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa:
Mushonga unopinza mhepo unounza huwandu hwakawanda hwemabhurugwa madiki akapararira zvakaenzana panguva yekusanganisa dhaka, izvo zvinoderedza kushushikana kwepamusoro pemvura inosanganisa dhaka, nokudaro zvichitungamira mukupararira kuri nani uye kuderedza kubuda ropa nekuparadzaniswa kwedhaka nekongiri. Zvinowedzerwa, kunyanya mafuta Sodium sulfonate uye sodium sulfate, chiyero chacho i0.005-0.02%.
Zvishandiso zvekubvisa tsvina zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu gypsum mortars uye gypsum-based joint fillers. Inonyanya kuve munyu wemuchero une acid, unowanzo wedzerwa muhuwandu hwe 0.05%-0.25%.
Mishonga inodzinga mvura (hydrophobic water repellent) inodzivirira mvura kuti isapinde mumota, ukuwo mota ichiramba yakavhurika kuti utsi hwemvura hupararire. Upfu hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya nehydrophobic polymer redispersible polymer.
Defoamer, inobatsira kuburitsa mabubble emhepo akagadzirwa panguva yekusanganisa nekugadzira dhaka, kuvandudza simba rekudzvanya, kuvandudza mamiriro epamusoro, uye chiyero che 0.02-0.5%.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-09-2023