Ko te moata paura maroke he moata whakauru maroke polymer, he moata paura maroke kua oti te hanga. He momo sima me te gypsum hei rauemi turanga matua. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga mahi whare rerekē, ka tāpirihia ngā rauemi hanga paura maroke me ngā tāpiringa ki tētahi ōwehenga kua whakaritea. He rauemi hanga moata ka taea te whakaranu ōrite, ka haria ki te papa hanga i roto i ngā putea, i te nuinga rānei, ā, ka taea te whakamahi tonu i muri i te tāpiri wai.
Ko ngā hua mō te moata paura maroke e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te piri tāera paura maroke, te paninga pakitara paura maroke, te moata pakitara paura maroke, te raima paura maroke, me ētahi atu.
Ko te tikanga, e toru ngā wāhanga o te moata paura maroke: te here, te kohatu, me ngā tāpiri moata.
Te hanganga rauemi mata o te moata paura maroke:
1. Rauemi here moata
(1) Piripiri kore-waro:
Ko ngā piripiri kore-waro ko te sima Portland noa, te sima alumina teitei, te sima motuhake, te gypsum, te anhydrite, me ētahi atu.
(2) Ngā piripiri rauropi:
Ko te piri waro e pā ana ki te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō, he paura pūmua i hangaia mā te whakamaroke rehu tika (me te whiriwhiri i ngā tāpiringa e tika ana) o te whakamomona pūmua. Ka huri te paura pūmua maroke me te wai hei whakamomona. Ka taea te whakamaroke anō, kia hanga ai e ngā matūriki pūmua he hanganga tinana pūmua i roto i te moata sima, he rite ki te tukanga whakamomona pūmua, ā, he mahi nui ki te whakarerekē i te moata sima.
E ai ki ngā ōwehenga rerekē, mā te whakarerekētanga o te moata paura maroke ki te paura pūmua ka taea te whakamarara anō ka whakapai ake i te kaha piri ki ngā momo papa rerekē, ka whakapai ake hoki i te ngāwari, te āhua rerekē, te kaha piko me te ātete kakahu o te moata, te pakari, te piripono me te mātotoru, tae atu ki te kaha me te hanganga pupuri wai.
Ko te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō mō te moata ranunga maroke ko ēnei momo matua: ① styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Whakakotahitanga:
Ka wehea te kirikiri ki te kirikiri matotoru me te kirikiri pai. Ko tētahi o ngā rauemi matua o te raima. Ko tana mahi matua he angaanga, ā, ka whakaiti i te huringa rōrahi e puta mai ana i te mimiti me te pupuhi o te rauemi sima i te wā e whakatōngia ana, e whakapakeketia ana hoki, ā, ka whakamahia hoki hei whakakī iti mō te rauemi sima. He kirikiri taiao me he kirikiri horihori, ko te tuatahi pērā i te kirikiri, te kirikiri iti, te pumice, te onepu taiao, me ētahi atu; ko te tuarua pērā i te cinder, te para, te ceramsite, te perlite whānui, me ētahi atu.
3. Ngā tāpiringa moata
(1) Te etere cellulose:
I roto i te moata maroke, he iti rawa te nui o te cellulose ether e tāpirihia ana (ko te tikanga 0.02%-0.7%), engari ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata mākū, ā, ko ia te tāpiri matua e pā ana ki te mahi hanga o te moata.
I roto i te moata paura maroke, nā te mea he koretake te cellulose ionic i te aroaro o ngā ion konupūmā, he onge te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hua paura maroke e whakamahi ana i te sima, te raima kua whakamaroketia, me ētahi atu hei rauemi whakapiri. Ka whakamahia hoki te hydroxyethyl cellulose i roto i ētahi hua paura maroke, engari he iti noa te wāhi e whakamahia ana.
Ko ngā etera cellulose e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata paura maroke ko te hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) me te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose etera (HPMC), e kiia nei ko te MC.
Ngā āhuatanga MC: Ko te piri me te hanganga he mea e rua e awe ana tetahi i tetahi; te pupuri wai, hei karo i te mimiti tere o te wai, kia tino whakaitihia ai te matotoru o te paparanga moata.
(2) muka ārai-pakaru
Ehara i te mea hanga nā te tangata o ēnei rā te whakaranu i ngā muka ki te moata hei rauemi whakapakari ārai-pakaru. I ngā wā onamata, kua whakamahia e ō tātou tūpuna ngā muka taiao hei rauemi whakapakari mō ētahi here kore-ora, pērā i te whakaranu i ngā muka tipu me te moata raima hei hanga i ngā Whare Tapu me ngā whare nui, te whakamahi i te hiraka hemp me te paru hei hanga i ngā whakapakoko o Buddha, te whakamahi i ngā hononga poto o te kakau witi me te paru kōwhai hei hanga whare, te whakamahi i te huruhuru tangata me te kararehe hei whakatika i ngā ahi, te whakamahi i ngā muka penupenu, te raima, me te gypsum hei peita i ngā pakitara me te hanga i ngā momo hua gypsum, me ētahi atu. He mea noa iho te tāpiri muka ki ngā rauemi turanga sima hei hanga i ngā mea honohono sima kua whakapakarihia ki te muka.
Ka puta he maha ngā kapiti moroiti i roto i ngā hua sima, ngā wāhanga, ngā whare rānei nā te huringa o te hanganga moroiti me te rōrahi i te wā e whakapakeke ana te sima, ā, ka whānui haere me ngā huringa o te whakahekenga maroke, ngā huringa pāmahana, me ngā kawenga o waho. Ina pāngia e te kaha o waho, ka whai wāhi ngā muka ki te whakawhāiti me te aukati i te whānui o ngā kapiti moroiti. He whakawhiti-whiti ngā muka, he isotropic, ka pau, ka whakamamae i te ahotea, ka ārai i te whanaketanga o ngā kapiti, ā, ka whai wāhi ki te aukati i ngā kapiti.
Mā te tāpiri muka ka taea te hanga i te moata maroke-ranu kia kounga teitei, kia mahi nui, kia kaha teitei, kia ātete ki te pakaru, kia kore e mimiti, kia pakū, kia ātete ki te pānga, kia ātete ki te huka-rewa, kia ātete ki te kakahu, kia ātete ki te koroheketanga me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
(3) Kaiwhakaiti wai
He ranunga raima te whakaiti wai e taea ai te whakaiti i te nui o te wai e whakaranua ana, me te pupuri tonu i te āhua o te raima kia kore e rerekē. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he matū horoi anionic, pērā i te lignosulfonate, te naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, me ētahi atu. I muri i te tāpiritanga ki te ranunga raima, ka taea e ia te whakamarara i ngā matūriki sima, te whakapai ake i tōna kaha mahi, te whakaiti i te wai e pau ana i te wāhanga kotahi, te whakapai ake i te rere o te ranunga raima; te whakaiti rānei i te whakamahinga sima i te wāhanga kotahi, me te penapena sima.
E ai ki te kaha whakaiti wai me te whakapakari o te kaiāwhina whakaiti wai, ka wehea kia rua, ...
E ai ki te hanganga matū, ka wehea kia rua ngā momo: ngā matū hangai-whakapūmau ...
Ko te whakamahinga o te matū whakaiti wai i roto i te moata paura maroke ko ēnei ngā āhuatanga: te whakataurite-ake o te sima, te whakataurite-ake o te gypsum, te moata mō te paraki, te moata ātete-wai, te putty, me ētahi atu.
Me whiriwhiri te kaihoko whakaiti wai i runga i ngā rauemi mata rerekē me ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te moata.
(4) Te māngaro etera
Ko te māngaro ether te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te moata hangahanga, ka pā ki te matotoru o te moata i hangaia i runga i te gypsum, te sima me te raima, ā, ka huri i te ātete hanganga me te totohu o te moata. Ko ngā māngaro ether te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana me ngā cellulose ether kāore i whakarerekētia me ngā mea kua whakarerekētia. He pai mō ngā pūnaha kūpapa me ngā pūnaha kawakore, ā, he hototahi ki te nuinga o ngā tāpiringa i roto i te gypsum me ngā hua sima (pēnei i ngā surfactants, MC, māngaro me te polyvinyl acetate me ētahi atu polymer wairewa-wai).
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te māngaro etera ko: te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te totohu; te whakapai ake i te hanganga; te whakapai ake i te hua o te moata, e whakamahia ana mō: te moata i hangaia e te ringa, i rehuhia rānei e te mīhini i runga i te sima me te gypsum, te whakakī me te piri; te piri taera; te moata hanga pereki.
Kia mōhio: Ko te horopeta noa o te māngaro etera i roto i te moata he 0.01-0.1%.
(5) Ētahi atu tāpiringa:
Ka whakauruhia e te kaihopu hau he maha o ngā mirumiru iti kua tohatohahia ōrite i te wā e whakaranu ana i te moata, ka whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mata o te wai whakaranu moata, ā, ka pai ake te horapa me te whakaiti i te toto me te wehewehenga o te ranunga moata-raima. Ko ngā tāpiringa, ko te nuinga ko te ngako ko te konutai whanariki me te konutai whanariki, ko te inenga he 0.005-0.02%.
Ko ngā mea ārai e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mōta gypsum me ngā whakakī hononga gypsum. Ko te nuinga he tote waikawa hua, he mea tāpiri i te nui o te 0.05%-0.25%.
Ka ārai ngā matū ārai wai (ngā mea ārai wai) i te wai kei uru ki roto i te moata, i te mea ka noho tuwhera tonu te moata kia marara ai te mamaoa wai. Ko ngā paura matū ārai wai te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana.
He kaiwhakakore pahuka, hei āwhina i te tuku i ngā mirumiru hau e mau ana, e puta ana i te wā e whakaranu ana me te hanga moata, hei whakapai ake i te kaha pēhanga, hei whakapai ake i te āhua o te mata, ko te inenga he 0.02-0.5%.
Te wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-09-2023