Turmin busasshe na turmi ne da aka haɗa da polymer ko busasshen foda wanda aka riga aka shirya shi. Wani nau'in siminti ne da gypsum a matsayin babban kayan tushe. Dangane da buƙatun aikin gini daban-daban, ana ƙara kayan haɗin ginin busasshe da ƙari a wani takamaiman rabo. Kayan ginin turmi ne wanda za a iya haɗa shi daidai gwargwado, a kai shi wurin ginin a cikin jaka ko a cikin adadi mai yawa, kuma ana iya amfani da shi kai tsaye bayan an ƙara ruwa.
Kayayyakin turmi na busasshen foda da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da manne tayal ɗin busasshen foda, rufin bango na busasshen foda, turmi na bango na busasshen foda, simintin busasshen foda, da sauransu.
Busasshen turmi na foda gabaɗaya yana da aƙalla abubuwa uku: manne, tara, da ƙari na turmi.
Tsarin kayan albarkatun ƙasa na turmi mai busasshiyar foda:
1. Kayan haɗa turmi
(1) Manne mara tsari:
Manne marasa tsari sun haɗa da simintin Portland na yau da kullun, simintin alumina mai yawa, siminti na musamman, gypsum, anhydrite, da sauransu.
(2) Manna na halitta:
Manna na halitta galibi yana nufin foda mai narkewa a cikin latex, wanda shine polymer mai foda wanda aka samar ta hanyar busar da feshi daidai (da zaɓin ƙarin abubuwa masu dacewa) na emulsion na polymer. Foda da ruwa na polymer busasshe suna zama emulsion. Ana iya sake bushewa da shi, don haka ƙwayoyin polymer su samar da tsarin jikin polymer a cikin turmi na siminti, wanda yayi kama da tsarin emulsion na polymer, kuma yana taka rawa wajen gyara turmi na siminti.
Dangane da rabo daban-daban, gyaran busasshen turmi tare da foda polymer mai sake wargazawa na iya inganta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tare da substrates daban-daban, da kuma inganta sassauci, nakasawa, ƙarfin lanƙwasawa da juriyar lalacewa na turmi, tauri, haɗin kai da yawa, da kuma ƙarfin riƙe ruwa da gini.
Foda mai latex da za a iya sake juyawa don turmi mai busasshe ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masu zuwa: ① styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Tarawa:
An raba tarin zuwa gauraye masu kauri da kuma masu laushi. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan kayan siminti. Yana aiki ne a matsayin kwarangwal kuma yana rage canjin girma da raguwar kayan siminti ke haifarwa yayin saitawa da taurarewa, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman cikawa mai araha ga kayan siminti. Akwai tarin na halitta da tarin na wucin gadi, na farko kamar tsakuwa, tsakuwa, pumice, yashi na halitta, da sauransu; na biyu kamar cinder, slag, ceramsite, perlite mai faɗi, da sauransu.
3. Ƙarin turmi
(1) Cellulose ether:
A cikin busasshen turmi, adadin ƙarin cellulose ether yana da ƙasa sosai (galibi 0.02%-0.7%), amma yana iya inganta aikin turmi mai danshi sosai, kuma babban ƙari ne wanda ke shafar aikin ginin turmi.
A cikin busasshen turmi na foda, saboda ionic cellulose ba shi da ƙarfi a gaban ions na calcium, ba kasafai ake amfani da shi a cikin busasshen foda da ke amfani da siminti, lemun tsami mai laushi, da sauransu a matsayin kayan siminti ba. Haka kuma ana amfani da Hydroxyethyl cellulose a cikin wasu busassun foda, amma rabon ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai.
Kwayoyin cellulose da ake amfani da su a cikin busasshen turmi sune galibi hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) da hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), waɗanda ake kira MC.
Halayen MC: Mannewa da gini abubuwa biyu ne da ke tasiri ga juna; riƙe ruwa, don guje wa ƙafewar ruwa cikin sauri, ta yadda kauri na layin turmi zai iya raguwa sosai.
(2) zare mai hana tsagewa
Ba ƙirƙira ce ta mutanen zamani ba ce ta haɗa zare a cikin turmi a matsayin kayan ƙarfafawa masu hana fashewa. A zamanin da, kakanninmu sun yi amfani da zare na halitta a matsayin kayan ƙarfafawa ga wasu abubuwan haɗin da ba su da tsari, kamar haɗa zare na shuka da turmi na lemun tsami don gina Haikali da dakunan taruwa, amfani da siliki da laka don siffanta gumakan Buddha, amfani da gajerun hanyoyin bambaro na alkama da laka mai launin rawaya don gina gidaje, amfani da gashin ɗan adam da na dabba don gyara murhu, amfani da zare na ɓangaren litattafan almara, lemun tsami, da gypsum don fenti bango da yin samfuran gypsum daban-daban, da sauransu. Jira. Ƙara zare a cikin kayan tushe na siminti don yin haɗakar siminti mai ƙarfi da zare abu ne kawai na shekarun baya-bayan nan.
Kayayyakin siminti, sassan ko gine-gine ba makawa za su samar da ƙananan fasa da yawa saboda canjin tsarin da girma yayin aikin taurare siminti, kuma zai faɗaɗa tare da canje-canje a cikin raguwar bushewa, canjin zafin jiki, da nauyin waje. Idan aka fuskanci ƙarfin waje, zaruruwan suna taka rawa wajen iyakancewa da hana faɗaɗa ƙananan fasa. Zaruruwan suna da alaƙa da juna kuma suna da alaƙa da juna, suna cinyewa da rage damuwa, suna hana ci gaba da haɓaka fasa, kuma suna taka rawa wajen toshe fasa.
Ƙara zare na iya sa turmi mai busasshe ya sami inganci mai yawa, aiki mai girma, ƙarfi mai yawa, juriyar tsagewa, juriyar fashewa, juriyar tasiri, juriyar daskarewa da narkewa, juriyar lalacewa, juriyar tsufa da sauran ayyuka.
(3) Maganin rage ruwa
Na'urar rage ruwa wani sinadari ne da ake haɗawa da siminti wanda zai iya rage yawan ruwan da ake haɗawa yayin da yake kiyaye raguwar siminti ba tare da canzawa ba. Yawancinsu surfactants ne na anionic, kamar lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, da sauransu. Bayan an ƙara shi a cikin simintin, zai iya wargaza ƙwayoyin siminti, inganta aikinsa, rage yawan ruwan da ake sha a cikin simintin, inganta ruwan da ke cikin simintin; ko rage yawan amfani da simintin ...
Dangane da ƙarfin rage ruwa da ƙarfafawar wakilin rage ruwa, an raba shi zuwa ga wakilin rage ruwa na yau da kullun (wanda kuma aka sani da plasticizer, ƙimar rage ruwa bai gaza kashi 8% ba, wanda lignosulfonate ke wakilta), wakilin rage ruwa mai inganci (wanda kuma aka sani da superplasticizer), ƙimar rage ruwa bai gaza kashi 14% ba, gami da naphthalene, melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic, da sauransu) da kuma wakilin rage ruwa mai aiki (ƙimar rage ruwa bai gaza kashi 25% ba, polycarboxylic acid. Ana wakilta shi da superplasticizer), kuma an raba shi zuwa nau'in ƙarfi na farko, nau'in yau da kullun da nau'in jinkiri.
Dangane da sinadaran da ke cikinsa, yawanci ana raba shi zuwa: masu amfani da lignosulfonate-based superplasticizers, masu amfani da naphthalene-based superplasticizers, masu amfani da melamine-based superplasticizers, da masu amfani da fatty acid-based fatty acid superplasticizers. Masu amfani da ruwa, masu amfani da polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers.
Amfani da sinadarin rage ruwa a cikin busasshen turmi yana da waɗannan fannoni: gyaran siminti, gyaran gypsum, gyaran turmi don yin rufi, turmi mai hana ruwa shiga, putty, da sauransu.
Ya kamata a zaɓi zaɓin wakilin rage ruwa bisa ga kayan aiki daban-daban da kuma halayen turmi daban-daban.
(4) Sitaci ether
Ana amfani da sitaci ether a cikin turmi na gini, wanda zai iya shafar daidaiton turmi bisa ga gypsum, siminti da lemun tsami, kuma yana canza juriyar gini da sag na turmi. Yawanci ana amfani da sitaci ethers tare da cellulose ethers marasa gyara ko gyara. Ya dace da tsarin tsaka tsaki da alkaline, kuma ya dace da yawancin abubuwan ƙari a cikin samfuran gypsum da siminti (kamar surfactants, MC, sitaci da polyvinyl acetate da sauran polymers masu narkewa cikin ruwa).
Halayen sitaci ether galibi suna cikin: inganta juriyar sag; inganta gini; inganta yawan turmi, wanda galibi ake amfani da shi don: turmi da aka yi da hannu ko wanda aka fesa ta injina bisa siminti da gypsum, caulk da manne; manne tayal; ginin turmi.
Lura: Yawan sitaci ether da aka saba amfani da shi a turmi shine 0.01-0.1%.
(5) Sauran ƙarin abubuwa:
Maganin shigar iska yana gabatar da adadi mai yawa na ƙananan kumfa masu rarrabawa iri ɗaya a lokacin haɗa turmi, wanda ke rage matsin lamba a saman ruwan haɗa turmi, wanda hakan ke haifar da wargajewa mafi kyau da kuma rage zubar jini da rabuwar cakuda turmi da siminti. Ƙarin abubuwa, galibi mai, Sodium sulfonate da sodium sulfate, shine kashi 0.005-0.02%.
Ana amfani da retarders galibi a cikin turmi na gypsum da kuma abubuwan cikawa na gypsum. Galibi gishirin 'ya'yan itace ne, wanda yawanci ana ƙara shi a cikin adadin 0.05%-0.25%.
Maganin hana ruwa shiga turmi (maganin hana ruwa shiga turmi), yayin da turmi ke kasancewa a buɗe don tururin ruwa ya bazu. Ana amfani da foda mai hana ruwa shiga turmi.
Defoamer, don taimakawa wajen sakin kumfa iska da aka shigar da kuma samarwa yayin haɗa turmi da gini, inganta ƙarfin matsi, inganta yanayin saman, allurar 0.02-0.5%.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-09-2023