Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda z'amatafari yumye mu Bushinwa, ikoreshwa rya kole y'amatafari ya ceramic rishobora gutezwa imbere mu buryo bwuzuye. None se, ni ibihe bibazo bizagaragara mu ikoreshwa rya kole y'amatafari ya ceramic? Uyu munsi, turagufasha gusubiza birambuye!
A, kuki wakoresha kole y'amatafari?
1) Ubu isoko ry'amatafari ya ceramic, amatafari arimo arakura cyane
Amatafari manini (nk'ubugari bwa 800×800) biroroshye kugwa. Guhuza amatafari gakondo muri rusange ntibisobanura kugwa, kandi kugwa kw'amatafari bitewe n'uburemere bwabyo bizagabanya cyane imbaraga z'amatafari.
Muri iki gihe, iyo ukoresheje icyuma gifunga ceramic muri rusange gitwikiriwe n'icyuma gifunga sima inyuma y'icyuma gifunga ceramic, hanyuma kigashyirwa ku rukuta, gipima ceramic hakoreshejwe inyundo ya rubber, kubera ko ubuso bw'icyuma gifunga ceramic ari bunini, biragoye gukuraho umwuka wose w'icyuma gifunga ceramic, bityo biroroshye gukora ingoma irimo ubusa, icyuma gifunga ceramic ntigikomeye;
2) Ku isoko, igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi y'ibirahuri by'amatafari y'ibirahuri kiri hasi cyane (≤0.2%).
Ubuso buraryoshye, igipimo cya bibulous ni gito cyane, ubufatanye burazamuka biragoye, kole ya kera ya ceramic ntabwo ishobora kubahiriza ibisabwa, ni ukuvuga kole ya ceramic igurishwa ku isoko ubu n'amatafari ya ceramic mu bihe byashize byatanze impinduka nini cyane, kandi kole dukoresha n'uburyo bwo kubaka ni gakondo cyane nkuko byari bimeze mbere.
Icya kabiri, itandukaniro riri hagati yo gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima no gupima sima yera
1) Mu gihe kirekire cy’akazi ko kuzuza imigozi, amakipe menshi yo gushushanya akoresha sima mu kuzuza imigozi.
2) Uburimbane bwa sima yera ntibukomeye. Mu ntangiriro, bisa nkaho ari byiza, ariko nyuma y'igihe kirekire, hazabaho imiturire n'imiturire hagati y'ubuso n'uruhande rw'igisenge cya ceramic.
3) Hariho kandi impinduka z'ibara ahantu hatose, (umusatsi w'umukara n'icyatsi kibisi) kandi sima ifata amazi. Iracyashobora gukurura ibintu bike byanduye kugira ngo bigaragare mu gitambaro cya ceramic imbere, bigatera ibara rihindagurika. Ariko kandi, byoroshye gukurura alkali.
Icya gatatu, ni gute wakwitwara mu gihe amatafari ya ceramic yinjijwe cyane?
Ugomba kwerekana kole y'amatafari isanzwe, gukoresha kole y'amatafari ya keramike ntabwo ari ngombwa ko uyishyira mu mazi kenshi, ingorane mu bwubatsi ziterwa no kuyishyira mu mazi. Niba ubyitayeho cyane, mu rwego rwo kudasenya glaze y'amatafari, izumishwa, hanyuma iyubakwe.
Amatafari ane, acitsemo ibice, amatafari ya kera nyuma yo kuvurwa n'ibintu bihumanya ibidukikije
1) Biragoye gusukura, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kuzirikana ikoreshwa ry'ikintu kimwe gitera gufunga ibara, ingamba z'uburinzi bw'umwuga zigomba gufatwa mbere yo gufunga irangi, birakwiye gukoresha urushyi rwumye, hanyuma ugakoresha ibikoresho byihariye bipfunyika umugozi;
2) Mu gihe cyo kubaka, nyuma yuko agafunga kamaze gukosorwa, sukura agafunga kari hejuru ukoresheje uburoso bukomeye mu masaha 2, hanyuma usukure ubuso ukoresheje uburoso busanzwe;
3) Ku buso bwandujwe n'ikintu gikora ku ngingo, bushobora gusukurwa n'aside idakomeye hanyuma bugasukurwa n'amazi nyuma y'iminsi 10 yo gufunga ingingo byumye, nta bisigazwa byabyo.
Eshanu, uburyo bwo kwinjiza kole mu matairi no kuyikonjesha no kuyishongesha
1) Isuri y'amazi meza, iyo amazi yinjiyemo, Ca(oH)2 izashonga, bigatuma inyubako igenda irekura buhoro buhoro ndetse ikanasenyuka;
2) kubyimba kwa polimeri, nubwo polimeri zimwe na zimwe zaruma zigahinduka agahu, hanyuma amazi akanyunyuza amazi;
3) Gukomera kw'uruso: nyuma yuko mortila ifashe amazi, amazi azahindura imbaraga z'uruso rw'imbere rw'imiyoboro yayo y'amaraso kandi agire ingaruka ku mbaraga z'uruso;
4) Nyuma yo kubyimba no kuma, ingano iragenda yiyongera kandi igabanuka, bigatuma stress inanirwa.
Icyitonderwa: Amazi ari muri mortiwo azakonja kandi arusheho kwiyongera iyo ari munsi y’ubukonje (ikigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bw’urubura 9%). Iyo imbaraga zo kwagura zirenze imbaraga zo guhuza mortiwo, hazabura uburyo bwo gukonja no gushonga.
Kole esheshatu, 801 na kole ifu bishobora gusimbura ifu ya latex ishobora kongera gushonga?
Ntabwo bishoboka, 801 igaragara ko itera imbere mu bijyanye n'imikorere y'inyubako, kole y'amatafari ya ceramic imaze gukomera, irwanya amazi cyane cyane, igitsina cya firigo ntikigira umumaro.
Kole y'amatafari arindwi ya ceramic irashobora gukoreshwa mu gufatanya
Bitari byiza, kubera ko imikorere yombi itandukanye, kole ya ceramic tile isaba igitsina cyo gukata, igikoresho gitera gukata gisaba ubwisanzure, ubwiyongere bw'amazi no kurwanya alkalinity, 2 syncretic ishobora gukorwa ku isoko muri iki gihe, kugira ngo kugabanya ikiguzi.
Umunani, ifu ya kabutura ya ceramic hamwe n'uruhare rwa HPMC
Ifu ya rubber - irushaho kunoza uburyo bwo kuvanga no kunoza ibintu mu gihe cyo kuvanga amazi. Bitewe n'imiterere ya polymer, guhuza ibikoresho bivanze bitose birarushaho kuba byiza kandi bitanga umusanzu ukomeye mu gukora neza. Nyuma yo kuma, imbaraga zo gufatana z'urwego rwo hejuru rworoshye kandi rufite ubucucike ziratangwa, kandi ingaruka z'umucanga n'amabuye n'ubucucike zirarushaho kwiyongera. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ingano y'inyongera, urwego rushobora kuba rukungahaye kuri firime ivanze, ku buryo kole ya ceramic tile igira ubworoherane runaka, igabanye modulus ya elastic, kandi ikanyunyuza amazi ku rugero runini ku bushyuhe. Nyuma, nko kwibira mu mazi bishobora kandi kugira amazi adapfa, ubushyuhe bwa buffer, guhinduka kw'ibikoresho ntibihoraho (coefficient deformation ya tile ya 6 × 10-6 / ℃, coefficient de deformation ya sima ya 10 × 10-6 / ℃) n'izindi stress, binoza ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere.
HPMC – itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kubika amazi no kubaka sima nshya, cyane cyane ahantu ho gutosereza. Kugira ngo amazi arusheho kuba meza, bishobora gukumira ko substrate ifata amazi menshi no guhumeka amazi ku butaka. Kubera ko umwuka wayo unyuramo (1900g/L—-1400g/L PO 400 umucanga 600 HPMC 2), ubucucike bw'amatafari bugabanuka, ibikoresho birabikwa kandi modulus y'umubiri wa sima ikomeye iragabanuka.
Icyenda, kole y'amatafari ya keramike ntabwo ishobora kubakwa ikorwa ite?
1) kole y'amatafari ni sima y'umuvuduko ivuguruye, amazi yayo avanze, ugereranije na sima isanzwe izaba ifatana, abakozi b'ubwubatsi bafite igihe cyo kuyihindura;
2) Iyo kole y'amatafari ya ceramic irimo kuvanga amazi neza igaragaye mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, kole y'umusemburo yumye ntishobora gukorwa, ahanini bitewe n'igihe kirekire cyane, igomba guhagarikwa.
Icumi. Impamvu z'itandukaniro ry'amabara y'icyuma gifunga
1) Itandukaniro ry'amabara ry'ibikoresho ubwabyo;
2) Amazi adahuye n'ingano yayo;
3) Ikirere gikabije nyuma yo kubaka;
4) Impinduka mu buryo bwo kubaka.
Ibindi, amazi meza yo hejuru ni menshi cyane, amazi asigaye aterwa n’umuti wo gusukura aside nyinshi kandi udahagije azagira ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru.
Kumi n'umwe, kuki amatafari ya glaze asa n'aho ari make cyane?
Kubera ko glaze y'amatafari ari nto cyane, koresha kole ikomeye ya ceramic kugira ngo uyishyiremo, nyuma yo kuma, igabanuke, bivuze ko ikurura glaze kugira ngo ikoreshwe, kandi gira inama yo gukoresha kole y'amatafari ya ceramic yoroshye.
12, kuki amatafari ya ceramic nyuma yo kuyafata ashobora gukandwamo irangi ryamenetse?
Umushono ntiwasigaye igihe cyo kubaka, amatafari ya ceramic agirwaho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe bukabije, bigatuma habaho imivurungano miremire y'ishusho y'imbwa.
Cumi na gatatu, kole y'amatafari nyuma ya 2-3D nta mbaraga igifite, kanda neza n'intoki, kuki?
1) Ubushyuhe buke, nta ngamba zo kurinda, bigoranye gukomeza ubukonje busanzwe;
2) Imiterere ni minini cyane, ubuso bw'amazi yo imbere bukomeza ni ingaruka nini cyane zo gupfunyika kw'ibishishwa;
3) Igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi mu rufatiro ni gito cyane;
4) Ingano y'itafari ni nini cyane.
14, nyuma yo gukoresha icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukata amatafari asanzwe ya sima, ubushobozi bukomera igihe kingana iki
Ubusanzwe bisaba amasaha 24 kugira ngo bikomere muri rusange, ubushyuhe buke cyangwa umwuka mubi w’umwuka uzakongerwa hakurikijwe ibyo.
Cumi na gatanu, gushyiraho amabuye nyuma y'amezi 6 yacitse, impamvu
1) Gutuza ubuso bw'ishingiro;
2) Kwimuka kw'abaturage mu buryo bwo kwaguka;
3) Guhindura imiterere y'agatsinsino;
4) inenge z'imbere mu ibuye (imiterere karemano, imitumba), ikintu giteye ni uduce duke gusa;
5) uburemere bw'ingingo cyangwa ingaruka z'ubuso bw'amatafari;
6) kole y'amatafari irakomeye;
7) Imyanya n'ingingo biri ku gice cy'inyuma cya sima ntibifatwa neza.
Cumi na gatandatu, amatafari ya ceramic adafite ingoma cyangwa agwa ku mpamvu
1) kole y'amatafari ntabwo ihuye;
2) Ubuso bw'ibanze bukomeye ntibuhuye n'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho, kandi hari impinduka (nk'urukuta rwo gutandukanya ibintu byoroheje);
3) Igice cy'inyuma cy'itafari ntigisukurwa (ivumbi cyangwa ikintu gisohora amazi);
4) Amatafari manini ntabwo apfundikirwa inyuma;
5) ingano ya kole y'amatafari ntabwo ihagije;
6) Ku buso bw'ibanze bushobora kunyeganyega, nyuma yo gusimbuza inyundo ya rubber, ikubita cyane, ikagira ingaruka ku mpera y'itafari hakurikijwe impera y'aho ishyirwa, bigatuma ihuriro ritagenda neza;
7) Ubuso bw'ibanze budafashe neza kandi ubugari butandukanye bwa kole y'amatafari ya ceramic butuma idakomeza gushonga nyuma yo kuma;
8) Kole yo gufunga nyuma yo gufungura;
9) Impinduka mu bidukikije;
10) Ingoboka zo kwaguka ntizishyirwaho hakurikijwe ibisabwa, bigatuma habaho stress imbere;
11) gushyira amatafari ku mugozi wo kwagura ubuso bw'ibanze;
12) Guhungabana no gutigita kw'inyuma mu gihe cyo kubungabunga.
A. Sima ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusimbuza amazi. Ingufu zayo zo gukanda cyane, uburyo bwo gusimbuza amazi no kudakoresha amazi bituma iba ingenzi mu bikoresho by’ubwubatsi. Impamvu ni uko uburyo bwo gukora imikorere yo gusimbuza ari uko sima ya sima ishobora kwinjira mu mwenge mbere y’uko ishyirwaho, igakomera kandi igakomera, kandi ikagira uruhare mu gusimbuza ibyuma bisa n’urufunguzo rwinjijwe mu mwobo w’imfunguzo, kugira ngo ifatanye ibikoresho bitwikiriye n’ibikoresho by’ibanze.
Kole zavuzwe haruguru zifite isano runaka n'amatafari ya ceramic (15-30%), ariko dukurikije EN12004 isanzwe yo kwita ku 14d +14d 70℃ + 1D, ingaruka zazo nazo zizabura. Cyane cyane muri iki gihe abantu bakoresha amatafari ya ceramic (1-5%) kandi amatafari ahuye (0.1%) nta ruhare rufatika ashobora kugira.
B, sima na 108 kole binder iri mu ivumbikwa ry'ifu ya latex ntabwo byamenyekanye neza n'abantu ku bicuruzwa bihinduka, bifite modulus nyinshi yoroshye, ntibishobora gukuraho stress imbere iterwa no guhinduka kwa tile ya ceramic na substrate bitewe no guhindagurika, ubushyuhe n'ibindi bintu. Stress imbere ntirekurwa, bituma tile ya ceramic izamuka amaherezo, irashya kandi irashwanyagurika. (Nk'uko bigaragara mu rugero rusanzwe rwavuzwe haruguru)
Muri make, kuri sisitemu yo gukingira inyuma y’ibikoresho bitandukanye (EIFS\ ibumba rinini ryubatswemo, nibindi), nko gukoresha imitako y’amatafari, kugira ngo habeho umutekano, hagomba kwibanda ku guhuza modulus ya elastic hagati y’ibikoresho bitandukanye, koroherana kwa kole iri hagati, ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu buryo, kugira ngo kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho stress imbere. Imyitozo yagaragaje ko gukurikiza ihame ryo "kubahiriza amategeko" ari byo byizerwa kuruta gukurikirana gusa uburyo bwo "guhangana" bw’imbaraga nyinshi zo gufatanya.
Cumi na birindwi, uburyo bwo kuvanga kole ya ceramic (simenti)
Kugaburira: shyiramo amazi mbere yo kugaburira
Gukangura: ibikoresho byongewe mu mazi bizabanza kubyutswa neza, bihagarare iminota 5-10, bitume bikura neza, hanyuma bivange iminota 2-3, bikoreshwe.
Icyuma cumi n'umunani, gifite urwego rudapfa amazi cyo gushyiramo tile ya ceramic
Ibikoresho bitandukanye bidapfa amazi bigira ingaruka ku gukomera kwa tile ya ceramic. Iyo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya polyurethane organic bidapfa amazi, itafari rishobora kugwa mu mpera z'igihe bitewe n'uko ibikoresho bidahura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Mata 2024