I te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga moata maroke i Haina, ka taea te whakatairanga whānui i te whakamahinga o te kāpia taera uku. Nā, he aha ngā raruraru ka puta i roto i te whakamahinga mahi o te kāpia taera uku? I tēnei rā, āwhinahia koe ki te whakautu taipitopito!
A, he aha me whakamahi ai i te kāpia taera?
1) Inaianei kei te nui haere te mākete pereki uku
He ngāwari te piko o ngā taera nunui (pērā i te 800×800). Ko te here taera tuku iho, kāore e whakaarohia he piko, ā, mā te piko o te taera nā tōna ake taumaha ka tino whakaiti i te kaha o te here.
I tēnei wā, ko te whakapiri i te taera uku he mea pania ki te moata sima i te tuara o te taera uku, kātahi ka pēhia ki te pakitara, ka whakataurite i te taera uku mā te whakamahi i te hama rapa. Nā te mea he nui te horahanga o te taera uku, he uaua ki te tango i te hau katoa o te paparanga here moata sima, nō reira he ngāwari ki te hanga i te pūwero kau, kāore e pakari te here;
2) He iti noa te tere mimiti wai o ngā pereki karāhe maha-kaupapa i te mākete (≤0.2%)
He maeneene te mata, he iti rawa te tere o te whakapiripiri i te tāera uku, he uaua ake te pikinga o te piri, kāore e taea e te whakapiri tāera uku tuku iho te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga, arā, ko ngā tāera uku e hokona ana i te mākete i nāianei me ngā tāera uku o mua i puta he tino rerekētanga, ā, ko te matū whakapiri e whakamahia ana e mātou me te tikanga hanga he tino tuku iho pērā i mua.
Tuarua, ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te tono o te kaihoko tohu me te tohu sima ma
1) I roto i te mahi roa o te whakakī i ngā hononga, he maha ngā tīma whakapaipai e whakamahi ana i te sima hei whakakī i ngā hononga.
2) Kāore i te kaha te pumau o te sima mā. I te tīmatanga, he pai te āhua, engari i muri i te wā roa, ka puta he kapiti me ngā pakaru i waenganui i te mata me te taha o te taera uku.
3) Ka rerekē te tae o ngā wāhi mākū (te makawe mangu me te makawe kakariki) ā, ka mimiti te sima i te wai. Ka taea tonu e ia te mimiti i ētahi mea paru ka whakaata i roto i te taera uku o roto, ka puta te tae ke. I taua wā anō, ka ngāwari te pania ki te kawakore.
Tuatoru, me pēhea te whakatau i te nui rawa o te rumaki o te pereki uku?
He mea noa te whakamahi i te kāpia tāera uku hei whakamākūkū i te wai, ā, ka uaua te hanga i muri i te whakamākūkū i te wai. Ki te kore e nui te whakamākūkū, me whakamaroke, kātahi ka hangaia.
E whā, pereki wehewehe, pereki tawhito i muri i te maimoatanga poke o te kaihoko whakakī hononga
1) He uaua ki te horoi, me whakaaro te hoahoa ki te whakamahinga o te kaihoko whakapiri tae kotahi, me mahi ngā mahi tiaki ngaio i mua i te whakapiri, he tika te whakamahi i te matau maroke, kātahi ka whakamahi i ngā taputapu motuhake hei tuitui;
2) I te wā e hangaia ana, i muri i te whakamaroketanga o te hiri, paraihia te hiri i runga i te mata ki te paraihe mārō i roto i te 2 hāora, kātahi ka horoia te mata ki te paraihe noa;
3) Mō te mata kua poke i te whakakī hononga, ka taea te horoi ki te waikawa ngoikore, ā, ka taea te horoi ki te wai i muri i ngā rā 10 o te whakapiringa maroke ki te whakakī hononga, me te kore he toenga.
E rima, te rumaki piripiri taera me te tikanga pakaru tio me te rewa
1) Te horo o te wai māori, ina tomo te wai, ka memeha te Ca(oH)2, ka ngawari haere te hanganga, ka pakaru rānei;
2) te pupuhi o te pūmua, ahakoa ka maroke ētahi pūmua hei kiriata, kātahi ka mimiti te wai i te whakawhanuitanga o te wai;
3) Te āwhata ā-kanohi: i muri i te mimiti o te wai i te moata, ka huri te āwhata ā-kanohi o tōna pakitara uaua o roto, ā, ka pā ki te kaha ā-kanohi;
4) I muri i te pupuhi me te maroke mākū, ka whānui, ka whakawhāiti te rōrahi, ka hua ake te korenga o te ahotea.
Kia mōhio: Ka tio, ka whānui te wai i roto i te moata ina kei raro iho i te pūwāhi tio (te tauwehenga whānui o te hukapapa 9%). Ina nui ake te kaha whānui i te kaha piri o te moata, ka puta te korenga o te tio-rewa.
E ono, ka taea e te 801 te whakakapi i te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō, te whakamahi i te kāpia me te paura kāpia?
Kāore e taea, e kitea ana te 801 hei whakapai ake i te pānga o te ira hanga, ki te mahi i muri i te whakapakeketanga o te kāpia tāera uku, ā, he ātete ki te wai, kāore e whai mana te ira tio-rewa.
Whitu, ka taea te whakamahi i te kāpia pereki uku hei matau
Kāore i te pai, nā te rerekētanga o te taupū mahi e rua, ko te kāpia tāera uku te mea nui mō te whakakoi i te kirikiri, ko te kaihoko whakapiripiri te mea nui mō te ngāwari, te waikura me te whawhai ki te kawakore. E rua ngā mea ka taea te mahi tahi i runga i te mākete i tēnei wā, kia iti ake ai te utu.
Waru, paura rapa tāera uku me te mahi HPMC
Paura rapa – ka whakapai ake i te ōritetanga me te maeneene o te pūnaha i roto i te āhua whakaranu mākū. Nā ngā āhuatanga o te pūmua, ka tino whakapai ake te piri o te rauemi whakaranu mākū, ā, he tino whai wāhi ki te mahi. I muri i te maroke, ka whakaratohia te kaha piri o te paparanga mata maeneene me te matotoru, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pānga atanga o te onepu me te kōhatu me te porosity. I runga i te kaupapa o te whakarite i te nui o te tāpiri, ka taea te whai kiko i te atanga i roto i te kiriata whakauru, kia whai ngāwari ai te kāpia tāera uku, kia whakaitihia te modulus elasticity, ā, kia mimiti nui te wai i te ahotea whakarerekētanga wera. I muri mai, pērā i te rumaki wai ka taea hoki te ātete ki te wai, te pāmahana ārai, te koretake o te whakarerekētanga rauemi (te tauwehenga whakarerekētanga tāera o te 6 × 10-6 / ℃, te tauwehenga whakarerekētanga sima raima o te 10 × 10-6 / ℃) me ētahi atu ahotea, ka whakapai ake i te ātete huarere.
HPMC– he pai te pupuri wai me te hanganga mō te moata hou, inā koa mō te wāhi mākū. Hei whakarite i te tauhohenga makuku maeneene, ka taea te aukati i te mimiti nui o te wai me te mimiti wai o te mata. Nā te mea he uruhanga hau (1900g/L—-1400g/L PO 400 onepu 600 HPMC 2), ka whakaitihia te matotoru o te kāpia taera, ka tiakina te rauemi, ā, ka whakaitihia te tere o te hanga o te tinana moata kua whakapakeketia.
E iwa, me pēhea te hanga i te kāpia pereki uku?
1) Ko te kāpia tāera he moata whakaranu maroke kua whakarerekētia, ko tōna whakaranu wai, ki te whakaritea ki te moata sima tuku iho ka piri, ā, he wā urutau mō ngā kaimahi hanga;
2) Mena ka puta he pai te whakaranu o te kāpia taera uku ki te wai, kāore e taea te hanga i te totoka maroke i roto i te tukanga whakamahinga, ko te nuinga o te wā he roa rawa te wā pumau, me aukati.
Tekau. Ngā take mō te rerekētanga o te tae o te hiri
1) Te rerekētanga tae o te rauemi tonu;
2) Te nui o te wai i tāpirihia kāore i te ōrite;
3) Te āhua kino o te rangi i muri i te hanganga;
4) Ngā panonitanga o ngā tikanga hanga.
Ko ētahi atu, he nui rawa te wai e pau ana i te paparanga mata ma, ā, ka pāngia hoki e ngā raruraru o runga ake nei mēnā ka kore e ōrite te toenga wai nā te nui rawa o te waikawa horoi, ka pāngia hoki e te wai e toe ana.
Tekau mā tahi, he aha te āhua o te pereki karaihe he pakaru iti?
Nā te mea he angiangi rawa te paninga o te taera, whakamahia he kāpia tāera uku pakari hei whakapiri. I muri i te maroke ka nui haere te mimiti, arā, ka kumea te kapiti o te paninga kia puta ai he kapiti, ka tūtohu kia whakamahia he kāpia tāera uku ngāwari.
12, he aha i taea ai te pēhi i te pereki uku i muri i te piri?
Kāore i mahue te tuitui i te hanganga, ā, ka pāngia te tāera uku e te wera me te makariri o te awaawa o te waka, ka puta he ngatata roa, he āhua honu.
Tekau mā toru, kāore anō kia kaha te hanganga o te kāpia taera i muri i te 2-3D, pēhia kia ngohengohe ki te ringa, he aha ai?
1) He iti te pāmahana, kāore he tikanga tiaki, he uaua ki te whakapakeke noa;
2) He matotoru rawa te hanganga, he nui rawa te pānga o te wai ā-roto e whakapakeke ana i te mata, e takai ana i te anga;
3) He iti rawa te tere mimiti wai o te turanga;
4) He nui rawa te rahi o te pereki.
14, i muri i te whakamahi i te kaihoko o te pereki uku turanga sima noa hei piri i te pereki, kia pehea te roa o te kaha ki te whakapakeke?
E 24 hāora te roa e hiahiatia ana kia pakari ai, ā, me whakaroa te pāmahana kia iti ake, kia kore rānei e pai te hauhautanga.
Tekau mā rima, te tāutanga kōhatu 6 marama i muri i te pakaru, te take
1) Te taunga o te mata o te turanga;
2) Te nekehanga whānui;
3) Te whakarerekētanga o te pēhanga;
4) ngā hapa o roto o te kōhatu (te kakano tūturu, ngā kapiti), he torutoru noa iho ngā wahi o te āhuatanga;
5) te kawenga pūwāhi, te pānga ā-rohe rānei o te mata taera;
6) he pakari te kāpia taera;
7) Kāore i te pai te whakahaere i ngā kapiti me ngā hononga o te papa o muri o te sima.
Tekau mā ono, he pahu kau tāera uku, he taka rānei i te take
1) kāore te kāpia taera e ōrite;
2) Kāore te mata turanga pakari e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga tāutanga, ā, kei reira te whakarerekētanga (pēnei i te pakitara wehewehe māmā);
3) Kāore te tuara o te pereki i horoia (he puehu, he mea tuku rānei);
4) Kāore ngā pereki nunui e pania ki muri;
5) kāore e ranea te nui o te kāpia taera;
6) Mō te mata turanga e pāngia ana e te wiri, i muri i te whariki ki te hama rapa ka tino kaha te patu, ka pā ki te pito o te pereki kia rite ki te pito o te tāutanga, ka wetekina te atanga;
7) Nā te papatahi ngoikore o te mata o raro me te matotoru rerekē o te kāpia tāera uku ka ngoikore te mimiti i muri i te maroke;
8) Tāpirihia te piripiri i muri i te wā whakatuwheratanga;
9) Te huringa taiao;
10) Kāore ngā hononga whānui i whakatakotoria kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga, ka hua ake he ahotea ā-roto;
11) whakatakotoria ngā pereki ki te mata o te turanga, te hononga whakawhanui;
12) Te ru me te wiri o waho i te wā tiaki.
A. He rauemi sima waipēhi te sima. Nā tōna kaha pēhi teitei, tōna ngāwari, me tōna ātete wai, he mea nui tēnei mō ngā rauemi hanganga pereki. Ko te take, ko te tikanga o te mahi here, ka taea e te moata sima te uru ki roto i ngā pūwero i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakatakoto, te whakatōtō me te whakapakeke, ā, ka mahi i te mahi punga ā-ringa, he rite ki te kī e kuhua ana ki roto i te kōhao kī, kia herea ai te rauemi hipoki me te rauemi turanga.
He hononga motuhake tō ngā piripiri o runga ake nei ki ngā pereki uku (15-30%), engari e ai ki te paerewa EN12004 mō te ahurea 14d +14d 70℃+ 1D, ka ngaro hoki ō rātou pānga. Ina koa i ēnei rā, kāore e whai hua te pānga punga ā-ringa o te pereki uku (1-5%), ā, kāore e whai hua te pānga punga ā-ringa o te pereki ōrite (0.1%).
B, ko te sima me te piri 108 kei roto i te paura rapa e horapa ana, kāore anō kia tino mōhiotia e te tangata ngā hua whakawhiti, he nui te tere o te nekehanga, kāore e taea te whakakore i te ahotea o roto i puta mai i te whakarerekētanga o te taera uku me te papa nā te whakahekenga, te pāmahana me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Kāore e tukuna te ahotea o roto, ka ara ake te taera uku, ka pakaru, ka pakarukaru, ka pakarukaru. (E ai ki te tauira noa i runga ake nei).
Hei whakarāpopototanga, mō te pūnaha whakamahana o waho maha-paparanga i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi rerekē (EIFS\ pokepokea nui kua hangaia ki roto, me ētahi atu), pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā whakapaipai pereki, kia mau ai tōna haumaru, me arotahi ki te taurite o te modulus rapa i waenga i ngā rauemi rerekē, te ngāwari o te piripiri waenga, te uruhanga o te pūnaha, hei whakaiti, hei whakakore rānei i te ahotea o roto. Kua whakamātauhia e te mahi he pai ake te whakamahi i te mātāpono o te "whakaū" i te whai noa i te tikanga "ātete" o te kaha here teitei.
Tekau mā whitu, te tukanga whakaranu i te kāpia tāera uku (sima)
Whāngai: tāpirihia he wai i mua i te whāngai
Te whakaoho: ka whakaohokia te rauemi i tāpirihia ki te wai kia ōrite te whakaoho tuatahi, ka waiho mō te 5-10 meneti, ka whakamātao rawa, kātahi ka whakaohokia mō te 2-3 meneti, ka whakamahia.
Tekau mā waru, he paparanga ātete wai mō te whakapiri tāera uku
Ka pāngia te pakari o te whakapiri tāera uku e ngā momo rauemi ātete wai. Mēnā ka whakamahia ngā rauemi ātete wai koiora polyurethane, ka ngawari te taka o te pereki i te wā mutunga nā te kore hototahi o te rauemi.
Wā tuku: 28 Paenga-whāwhā 2024