1. Chiyambi Chachidule cha Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Dzina la Chingerezi: Carboxyl methyl Cellulose
Chidule: CMC
Fomula ya molekyulu ndi yosiyana: [C6H7O2(OH)2CH2COONa]n
Mawonekedwe: ufa woyera kapena wachikasu wopepuka wa granular fibrous.
Kusungunuka kwa madzi: kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, kupanga colloid yowonekera bwino, ndipo yankho ndi lopanda mbali kapena lamchere pang'ono.
Mawonekedwe: Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu a colloid yogwira ntchito pamwamba, yopanda fungo, yopanda kukoma komanso yopanda poizoni.
Maselo achilengedwe amapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe ndipo ndi polysaccharide yochuluka kwambiri. Koma popanga, selose nthawi zambiri imakhalapo mu mawonekedwe a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, kotero dzina lonse liyenera kukhala sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, kapena CMC-Na. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, zomangamanga, zamankhwala, chakudya, nsalu, ziwiya zadothi ndi zina.
2. Ukadaulo wa Carboxymethyl cellulose
Ukadaulo wosintha wa cellulose umaphatikizapo: etherification ndi esterification.
Kusintha kwa carboxymethyl cellulose: carboxymethylation reaction mu ukadaulo wa etherification, cellulose imapangidwa kuti ipange carboxymethyl cellulose, yotchedwa CMC.
Ntchito za yankho lamadzi la carboxymethyl cellulose: kukhuthala, kupanga filimu, kugwirizana, kusunga madzi, kuteteza colloid, emulsification ndi kuyimitsidwa.
3. Mankhwala a carboxymethyl cellulose
Machitidwe a alkalizing a cellulose:
[C6H7O2(OH) 3]n + nNaOH→[C6H7O2(OH) 2ONa ]n + nH2O
Mmene monochloroacetic acid imagwirira ntchito pambuyo pa alkali cellulose:
[C6H7O2(OH) 2ONa ]n + nClCH2COONa →[C6H7O2(OH) 2OCH2COONa ]n + nNaC
Chifukwa chake: njira ya mankhwala yopangira carboxymethyl cellulose ndi iyi: Cell-O-CH2-COONa NaCMC
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(NaCMC kapena CMC mwachidule) ndi ether yosungunuka m'madzi yomwe ingapangitse kuti kukhuthala kwa ma aqueous solution formulations omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukhale kosiyana kuyambira pa cP pang'ono mpaka zikwi zingapo za cP.
4. Makhalidwe a carboxymethyl cellulose
1. Kusunga madzi a CMC: Ndi kokhazikika kutentha kochepa kapena kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma asidi ndi alkalinity ya madziwo zimasintha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha. Mothandizidwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kukhuthala kwa madziwo kudzachepa kapena kuwonongeka. Ngati pakufunika kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chosungira choyenera chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
2. Njira yokonzekera yankho la madzi la CMC: choyamba pangani tinthu tating'onoting'ono kukhala tonyowa mofanana, zomwe zingawonjezere kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka.
3. CMC ndi yosalala bwino ndipo iyenera kutetezedwa ku chinyezi ikasungidwa.
4. Mchere wachitsulo cholemera monga zinc, copper, lead, aluminiyamu, siliva, iron, tin, ndi chromium ukhoza kuyambitsa CMC kuphulika.
5. Mvula imachitika mu madzi omwe ali pansi pa PH2.5, omwe amatha kubwezeretsedwanso pambuyo powonjezera alkali.
6. Ngakhale kuti mchere monga calcium, magnesium ndi mchere wa patebulo sukhudza mvula pa CMC, umachepetsa kukhuthala kwa madzi.
7. CMC imagwirizana ndi zomatira zina zosungunuka m'madzi, zofewetsa ndi ma resins.
8. Chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira, mawonekedwe a CMC akhoza kukhala ufa wosalala, tirigu wosalala kapena ulusi, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala.
9. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ufa wa CMC ndi yosavuta. Ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji ndikusungunuka m'madzi ozizira kapena m'madzi ofunda pa 40-50°C.
5. Mlingo wa kusintha ndi kusungunuka kwa carboxymethyl cellulose
Mlingo wa kusintha umatanthauza kuchuluka kwa magulu a sodium carboxymethyl omwe amamangiriridwa ku unit iliyonse ya cellulose; mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa mlingo wa kusintha ndi 3, koma wothandiza kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi NaCMC yokhala ndi digiri ya kusintha kuyambira 0.5 mpaka 1.2. Kapangidwe ka NaCMC yokhala ndi digiri ya kusintha kwa 0.2-0.3 ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi ka NaCMC yokhala ndi digiri ya kusintha kwa 0.7-0.8. Choyamba chimasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi a pH 7, koma chachiwiri chimasungunuka kwathunthu. Chosiyana ndi ichi ndi zoona pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkaline.
6. Mlingo wa polymerization ndi kukhuthala kwa carboxymethyl cellulose
Mlingo wa polymerization: umatanthauza kutalika kwa unyolo wa cellulose, womwe umatsimikiza kukhuthala. Unyolo wa cellulose ukakhala wautali, kukhuthala kumakhala kwakukulu, komanso yankho la NaCMC.
Kukhuthala: Yankho la NaCMC ndi madzi osakhala a Newtonian, ndipo kukhuthala kwake komwe kumawonekera kumachepa mphamvu yodula ikawonjezeka. Pambuyo posakaniza, kukhuthala kunawonjezeka mofanana mpaka litakhazikika. Ndiye kuti, yankho ndi thixotropic.
7. Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya carboxymethyl cellulose
1. Makampani omanga ndi oumba
(1) Zophimba zomangamanga: kufalikira bwino, kugawa kofanana; palibe zigawo, kukhazikika bwino; kukhuthala bwino, kukhuthala kosinthika.
(2) Makampani opanga zinthu zadothi: amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira chopanda kanthu kuti dothi la m'dothi likhale lolimba; glaze yolimba.
2. Makampani ochapira zovala, zodzoladzola, fodya, kusindikiza ndi kuyika utoto nsalu
(1) Kutsuka: CMC imawonjezedwa ku sopo kuti dothi lotsukidwa lisabwererenso pa nsalu.
(2) Zodzoladzola: kukhuthala, kufalitsa, kuimitsa, kukhazikika, ndi zina zotero. Ndikopindulitsa kupereka mawonekedwe onse a zodzoladzola.
(3) Fodya: CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangirira mapepala a fodya, omwe angagwiritse ntchito bwino tchipisi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa masamba a fodya osaphika.
(4) Nsalu: Monga chomaliza nsalu, CMC imatha kuchepetsa kudumpha kwa ulusi ndikuthetsa kusweka kwa nsalu zolukira mwachangu.
(5) Kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto: Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza phala, zomwe zimathandiza kuti utoto ukhale wofewa komanso wolowa m'madzi, kupangitsa utoto kukhala wofanana komanso kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa mitundu.
3. Makampani opanga ndodo zolumikizira udzudzu ndi zowotcherera
(1) Ma coil a udzudzu: CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma coil a udzudzu kuti iwonjezere kulimba kwa ma coil a udzudzu ndikupangitsa kuti asamasweke kapena kusweka mosavuta.
(2) Electrode: CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopangira glaze kuti chophimba cha ceramic chikhale chogwirizana bwino komanso chopangidwa bwino, chokhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotsuka, komanso chimakhala ndi ntchito yowotcha kwambiri kutentha kwambiri.
4. Makampani opanga mankhwala otsukira mano
(1) CMC imagwirizana bwino ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zopangira mankhwala otsukira mano;
(2) Phala ndi lofewa, sililekanitsa madzi, silimatuluka, silimakhuthala, ndipo lili ndi thovu lolemera;
(3) Kukhazikika bwino komanso kusasinthasintha koyenera, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mankhwala otsukira mano akhale ndi mawonekedwe abwino, kusunga bwino komanso kukoma kokoma;
(4) Yosasinthasintha kutentha, yopatsa chinyezi komanso yopangitsa kuti fungo likhale losangalatsa.
(5) Kuduladula pang'ono ndi kudula mchira m'zitini.
5. Makampani ogulitsa chakudya
(1) Zakumwa zokhala ndi asidi: Mwachitsanzo, monga chokhazikika, choletsa mvula ndi kugawa mapuloteni mu yogurt chifukwa cha kusonkhana; kukoma bwino mukasungunuka m'madzi; kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana m'malo mwake.
(2) Ayisikilimu: Pangani madzi, mafuta, mapuloteni, ndi zina zotero kuti zikhale chisakanizo chofanana, chomwazikana komanso chokhazikika kuti mupewe makhiristo a ayezi.
(3) Buledi ndi makeke: CMC imatha kulamulira kukhuthala kwa mtanda, kuwonjezera chinyezi komanso nthawi yosungiramo zinthu.
(4) Zakudya za pa nthawi yomweyo: zimawonjezera kulimba ndi kukana kuphika kwa Zakudya; zimakhala bwino mu mabisiketi ndi makeke, ndipo pamwamba pa keke ndi yosalala komanso yosavuta kuswa.
(5) Phala lokhazikika: ngati maziko a chingamu.
(6) CMC ndi yopanda mphamvu m'thupi ndipo ilibe mphamvu ya ma calories. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zopanda ma calories ambiri zimatha kupangidwa.
6. Makampani opanga mapepala
CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukula kwa pepala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pepalalo likhale lolimba kwambiri, lizitha kukana kulowa kwa inki bwino, lizitha kusonkhanitsa sera wambiri komanso losalala. Pakujambula utoto wa pepala, limathandiza kuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa utoto wa pepala; limatha kupangitsa kuti ulusi womwe uli mkati mwa pepalalo ukhale wolimba komanso wopindika, motero limapangitsa kuti pepalalo likhale lolimba komanso lolimba.
7. Makampani opanga mafuta
CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mafuta ndi gasi, kukumba zitsime ndi ntchito zina.
8. Ena
Zomatira za nsapato, zipewa, mapensulo, ndi zina zotero, zopolisha ndi zopaka utoto za chikopa, zokhazikika za zozimitsira moto za thovu, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-04-2023