1. Okwu Mmalite Dị Mkpirikpi nke Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Aha Bekee: Carboxyl methyl Cellulose
Nchikota: CMC
Usoro molekul ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe: [C6H7O2(OH)2CH2COONa]n
Ọdịdị: ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ fibrous ọcha ma ọ bụ odo odo dị nro.
Mmiri na-agbaze ngwa ngwa: ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri, na-emepụta colloid viscous doro anya, ngwọta ahụ na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụ obere alkaline.
Atụmatụ: Nnukwu ihe mejupụtara molekul nke colloid na-arụ ọrụ n'elu, enweghị isi, enweghị uto na enweghị nsí.
Cellulose eke na-agbasa nke ọma n'okike, ọ bụkwa polysaccharide kachasị baa ụba. Mana n'ime mmepụta, cellulose na-adịkarị n'ụdị sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, yabụ aha zuru oke kwesịrị ịbụ sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ma ọ bụ CMC-Na. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, owuwu ụlọ, ọgwụ, nri, ákwà, seramiiki na ngalaba ndị ọzọ.
2. Teknụzụ Carboxymethyl cellulose
Nkà na ụzụ mgbanwe nke cellulose gụnyere: etherification na esterification.
Mgbanwe nke carboxymethyl cellulose: mmeghachi omume carboxymethylation na teknụzụ etherification, a na-emepụta cellulose carboxymethylated iji nweta carboxymethyl cellulose, nke a na-akpọ CMC.
Ọrụ nke mmiri mmiri nke carboxymethyl cellulose: ịka nká, imepụta ihe nkiri, njikọ, idobe mmiri, nchedo colloid, emulsification na nkwụsịtụ.
3. Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke carboxymethyl cellulose
Mmeghachi omume nke cellulose alkalization:
[C6H7O2(OH) 3]n + nNaOH→[C6H7O2(OH) 2ONa ]n + nH2O
Mmeghachi omume etherification nke monochloroacetic acid mgbe alkali cellulose gasịrị:
[C6H7O2(OH) 2ONa ]n + nClCH2COONa →[C6H7O2(OH) 2OCH2COONa ]n + nNaC
Ya mere: usoro kemịkalụ maka imepụta carboxymethyl cellulose bụ: Cell-O-CH2-COONa NaCMC
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(NaCMC ma ọ bụ CMC na mkpụmkpụ) bụ cellulose ether nke na-agbaze mmiri nke nwere ike ime ka viscosity nke usoro mmiri a na-ejikarị dị iche site na cP ole na ole ruo ọtụtụ puku cP.
4. Àgwà ngwaahịa nke carboxymethyl cellulose
1. Nchekwa nke mmiri CMC: Ọ na-adịgide n'okpuru obere okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ ìhè anyanwụ, mana acidity na alkalinity nke mmiri ahụ ga-agbanwe n'ihi mgbanwe okpomọkụ. N'okpuru mmetụta nke ụzarị ultraviolet ma ọ bụ obere nje, viscosity nke mmiri ahụ ga-ebelata ma ọ bụ ọbụna mebie. Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ nchekwa ogologo oge, a ga-agbakwunye ihe nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị.
2. Ụzọ nkwadebe nke mmiri CMC: mee ka ihe ndị ahụ dị mmiri mmiri nke ọma tupu oge eruo, nke nwere ike ime ka ọnụego mmiri gbasaa nke ukwuu.
3. CMC nwere hygroscopic ma ekwesịrị ichebe ya pụọ na mmiri mmiri n'oge nchekwa.
4. Nnu ígwè dị arọ dịka zinc, ọla kọpa, lead, aluminom, ọlaọcha, ígwè, tin, na chromium nwere ike ime ka CMC ghara ịpụta ìhè.
5. Mmiri na-ezo n'ime mmiri mmiri dị n'okpuru PH2.5, nke enwere ike weghachite mgbe emechara ya site na itinye alkali.
6. Ọ bụ ezie na nnu dịka calcium, magnesium na nnu tebụl enweghị mmetụta mmiri ozuzo na CMC, ha ga-ebelata oke mmiri ozuzo nke ngwọta ahụ.
7. CMC dakọtara na gluu, ihe nro na resin ndị ọzọ na-agbaze mmiri.
8. N'ihi nhazi dị iche iche, ọdịdị nke CMC nwere ike ịbụ ntụ ntụ dị mma, ọka siri ike ma ọ bụ eriri, nke enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ihe onwunwe anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ.
9. Ụzọ e si eji ntụ ntụ CMC dị mfe. A pụrụ itinye ya ozugbo ma gbazee ya na mmiri oyi ma ọ bụ mmiri ọkụ na okpomọkụ 40-50°C.
5. Ogo nke nnọchi na ịgbaze nke carboxymethyl cellulose
Ogo nke nnọchi na-ezo aka na ọnụọgụgụ nke otu sodium carboxymethyl nke ejikọtara na nkeji cellulose ọ bụla; uru kachasị nke ogo nnọchi bụ 3, mana nke kachasị baa uru n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụ NaCMC nke nwere ogo nnọchi dị iche site na 0.5 ruo 1.2. Njirimara nke NaCMC nke nwere ogo nnọchi nke 0.2-0.3 dị nnọọ iche na nke NaCMC nke nwere ogo nnọchi nke 0.7-0.8. Nke mbụ na-agbaze naanị na mmiri pH 7, mana nke ikpeazụ na-agbaze kpamkpam. Ihe dị iche bụ eziokwu n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline.
6. Ọkwa Polymerization na viscosity nke carboxymethyl cellulose
Nzere Polymerization: na-ezo aka n'ogologo nke yinye cellulose, nke na-ekpebi viscosity. Ka yinye cellulose na-adị ogologo, otú ahụ ka viscosity na-adị ukwuu, otú ahụ ka ngwọta NaCMC na-adị.
Viscosity: Mmiri NaCMC bụ mmiri na-abụghị nke Newtonian, ọ na-ebelatakwa viscosity ya mgbe ike shear na-abawanye. Mgbe a kwụsịrị ịkpalite ya, viscosity ahụ mụbara nke ukwuu ruo mgbe ọ kwụsiri ike. Ya bụ, mmiri ahụ bụ thixotropic.
7. Usoro ojiji nke carboxymethyl cellulose
1. Ụlọ ọrụ owuwu na seramiiki
(1) Mkpuchi ihe owuwu ụlọ: mgbasa dị mma, nkesa mkpuchi otu; enweghị akwa, ezigbo nkwụsi ike; mmetụta siri ike dị mma, viscosity mkpuchi a na-agbanwe agbanwe.
(2) Ụlọ ọrụ seramiiki: eji ya dị ka ihe e ji ejikọta ihe efu iji melite ike ụrọ nke ite ụrọ; ihe na-egbuke egbuke na-adịgide adịgide.
2. Ụlọ ọrụ ịsa ákwà, ihe ịchọ mma, ụtaba, ibipụta ákwà na ịgba agba
(1) Ịsa ákwà: A na-etinye CMC na ihe nhicha ahụ iji gbochie unyi a sachara ịtinyeghachi n'ákwà ahụ.
(2) Ihe ịchọ mma: ịka nká, ịgbasa, ịkwụsịtụ, ịkwụsi ike, wdg. Ọ bara uru inye ihe dị iche iche nke ihe ịchọ mma egwuregwu zuru oke.
(3) Ụtaba: A na-eji CMC eme ihe maka ịjikọta mpempe akwụkwọ ụtaba, nke nwere ike iji iberibe dị iche iche mee ihe nke ọma ma belata ọnụọgụ akwụkwọ ụtaba a na-anaghị amị amị.
(4) Ákwà: Dịka ihe eji eme ákwà, CMC nwere ike ibelata mmebi eriri na njedebe ya na ihe eji arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa.
(5) Mbipụta na agba agba: A na-eji ya eme ihe na mkpụcha mbipụta, nke nwere ike ime ka agba ndị ahụ dịkwuo mma ma na-abanye n'ime, mee ka agba ahụ dị otu ma belata ọdịiche agba.
3. Ụlọ ọrụ mkpanaka anwụnta na ịgbado ọkụ
(1) Mkpọchi anwụnta: A na-eji CMC eme ihe n'ime mkpọchi anwụnta iji mee ka mkpọchi anwụnta sie ike ma mee ka ha ghara ịgbaji ma ọ bụ gbajie.
(2) Electrode: A na-eji CMC eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mkpuchi seramiiki ahụ sie ike ma sie ike, na-arụkwa ọrụ nhicha ka mma, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu.
4. Ụlọ ọrụ ihe eji asa ezé
(1) CMC nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na ihe dị iche iche dị na ezé ezé;
(2) Mkpọ ahụ dị nro, ọ naghị ekewa mmiri, ọ naghị apụ apụ, ọ naghị agbaze agbaze, ọ naghịkwa agbaze agbaze, ọ na-enwekwa ụfụfụ dị mma;
(3) Ezigbo nkwụsi ike na ịdị n'otu kwesịrị ekwesị, nke nwere ike inye ezé ezé ezigbo ọdịdị, idobe ya na ụtọ dị mma karịsịa;
(4) Na-eguzogide mgbanwe okpomọkụ, na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha ma na-edozi isi.
(5) Ịkpụcha obere ihe na ịchacha ihe n'ime ite.
5. Ụlọ ọrụ nri
(1) Ihe ọṅụṅụ acidic: Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka ihe na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike iji gbochie mmiri ozuzo na nhazi nke protein dị na yogọt n'ihi nchịkọta; ụtọ ka mma mgbe agbazechara na mmiri; ezigbo nha nhata nnọchi.
(2) Aịs krịm: Mee mmiri, abụba, protein, wdg. Mee ngwakọta otu, nke gbasaara agbasasị ma kwụsie ike iji zere kristal ice.
(3) Achịcha na achịcha: CMC nwere ike ijikwa oke mmiri nke batter ahụ, mee ka nchekwa mmiri na ndụ nchekwa nke ngwaahịa ahụ dịkwuo mma.
(4) Noodles ozugbo: mee ka noodles sie ike ma sie ike; ọ na-enwe ezigbo nhazi na bisikiiti na pancakes, elu achịcha ahụ dịkwa nro ma ọ dịghị mfe ịgbaji.
(5) Mkpọchi ozugbo: dị ka ntọala chịngọm.
(6) CMC anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ihe gbasara ahụ mmadụ, ọ nweghịkwa uru kalori. Ya mere, enwere ike ịmepụta nri ndị nwere obere kalori.
6. Ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ
A na-eji CMC eme nha akwụkwọ, nke na-eme ka akwụkwọ ahụ nwee njupụta dị elu, ezigbo iguzogide ink, nnukwu nchịkọta wax na ire ụtọ. N'usoro agba akwụkwọ, ọ na-enyere aka ijikwa ntụgharị nke mado agba; ọ nwere ike ime ka ọnọdụ nrapara dị n'etiti eriri dị n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ ka mma, si otú a na-eme ka ike na nguzogide mpịachi nke akwụkwọ ahụ ka mma.
7. Ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala
A na-eji CMC eme ihe n'igwupụta mmanụ na gas, igwu olulu mmiri na ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
8. Ndị ọzọ
Ihe e ji agwakọta akpụkpọ ụkwụ, okpu, pensụl, wdg, ihe e ji ehicha akpụkpọ anụ na ihe e ji agba agba, ihe e ji eme ka ihe na-agba ọkụ ụfụfụ sie ike, wdg.
Oge ozi: Jenụwarị-04-2023