1. Incamake y'ibanze ya Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Izina ry'Icyongereza: Carboxyl methyl Cellulose
Incamake: CMC
Formula ya molekile irahinduka: [C6H7O2(OH)2CH2COONa]n
Ishusho: ifu y'umweru cyangwa umuhondo woroshye ifite uduce duto.
Gushonga kw'amazi: byoroshye gushonga mu mazi, bigatuma habaho koloyide ibonerana kandi ifite imiterere idafite aho ibogamiye cyangwa ifite alkaline nkeya.
Ibiranga: Uruvange rwinshi rwa molekile y’ubuso bukora neza, nta mpumuro, nta buryohe kandi nta n’uburozi.
Selulosi karemano ikwirakwira cyane mu bidukikije kandi ni yo polysaccharide nyinshi cyane. Ariko mu ikorwa, selulosi ikunze kuba mu buryo bwa selulosi ya sodium carboxymethyl, bityo izina ryuzuye rigomba kuba selulosi ya sodium carboxymethyl, cyangwa CMC-Na. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, mu bwubatsi, mu buvuzi, mu biribwa, mu myenda, mu bukorikori n'ahandi.
2. Ikoranabuhanga rya selulose ya karuboksimetili
Ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura selulosi rikubiyemo: eterifizasiyo na esterifizasiyo.
Ihinduka rya selulosi ya karuboksimetili: uburyo bwo gukora isesengura rya karuboksimetili mu ikoranabuhanga rya etherification, selulosi ihinduka karuboksimetili kugira ngo ibone selulosi ya karuboksimetili, yitwa CMC.
Imikorere y'umuti w'amazi wa carboxymethyl cellulose: gukurura, gukora firime, gufatanya, kubika amazi, kurinda kolloidi, emulsification no gusunika.
3. Uburyo bwo gukora imisemburo ya selulose ya karboksimetili
Uburyo selulosi ikora alkalize:
[C6H7O2(OH) 3]n + nNaOH→[C6H7O2(OH) 2ONa]n + nH2O
Uburyo aside monochloroacetic ikora nyuma ya cellulose ya alkali:
[C6H7O2(OH) 2ONa ]n + nClCH2COONa →[C6H7O2(OH) 2OCH2COONa ]n + nNaC
Bityo rero: formula y'ibinyabutabire yo gukora cellulose ya karboksimetili ni: Cell-O-CH2-COONa NaCMC
Selulose ya sodium carboxymethyl(NaCMC cyangwa CMC mu magambo ahinnye) ni eteri ya selulose ishongera mu mazi ishobora gutuma ubunini bw'imiti ikoreshwa cyane mu mazi butandukana kuva kuri cP nke kugeza ku bihumbi byinshi.
4. Ibiranga umusaruro wa selulose ya carboxymethyl
1. Kubika umuti w’amazi wa CMC: Urahoraho mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe buke cyangwa izuba rike, ariko aside na alkali by’umuti bizahinduka bitewe n’impinduka z’ubushyuhe. Bitewe n’imirasire ya ultraviolet cyangwa mikorobe, ubushyuhe bw’umuti buzagabanuka cyangwa bukangirika. Niba bikenewe kubikwa igihe kirekire, hagomba kongerwamo umuti ukwiye wo kubika.
2. Uburyo bwo gutegura umuti w'amazi wa CMC: banza utose uduce dutose neza, ibyo bikaba byakongera cyane igipimo cyo gushonga.
3. CMC ni hygroscopic kandi igomba kurindwa ubushuhe mu gihe cyo kubika.
4. Umunyu mwinshi w'icyuma nka zinc, umuringa, icyuma cy'ubutare, aluminiyumu, ifeza, icyuma, tini, na chromium bishobora gutuma CMC igwa.
5. Imvura igwa mu gipimo cy'amazi kiri munsi ya PH2.5, gishobora kugaruzwa nyuma yo kugikuraho hakoreshejwe alkali.
6. Nubwo umunyu nka kalisiyumu, manyeziyumu n'umunyu wo ku meza bitagira ingaruka ku mvura ya CMC, bizagabanya ubukana bw'umuti.
7. CMC ijyanye n'izindi kole zishongesha amazi, ibintu byoroshya ibintu n'amaresini.
8. Bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ibintu, ishusho ya CMC ishobora kuba ifu nziza, ibinyampeke bikomeye cyangwa iy'imigozi, ntaho bihuriye n'imiterere y'umubiri n'iya chimique.
9. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ifu ya CMC ni bworoshye. Ishobora gushyirwamo mu mazi akonje cyangwa mu mazi ashyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 40-50.
5. Ingano yo gusimbuza no gushonga kwa selulose ya karboksimetili
Igipimo cyo gusimbuza bivuze umubare mpuzandengo w'amatsinda ya sodium carboxymethyl afatanye na buri gice cya selulose; agaciro ntarengwa k'igipimo cyo gusimbuza ni 3, ariko ingirakamaro cyane mu nganda ni NaCMC ifite igipimo cyo gusimbuza gitandukanye kuva kuri 0.5 kugeza 1.2. Imiterere ya NaCMC ifite igipimo cyo gusimbuza cya 0.2-0.3 itandukanye cyane n'iya NaCMC ifite igipimo cyo gusimbuza cya 0.7-0.8. Iya mbere ishongesha igice kimwe gusa mu mazi ya pH 7, ariko iya nyuma ishongesha burundu. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo ni ukuri mu bihe bya alkaline.
6. Igipimo cya polymerization n'ubukana bwa cellulose ya carboxymethyl
Igipimo cya polymerization: yerekeza ku burebure bw'umunyururu wa selulosi, ari nabyo bigena ubukana. Uko umunyururu wa selulosi uba muremure, ni ko ubukana buba bwinshi, ndetse n'umuti wa NaCMC uba mwinshi.
Ubushyuhe: Umuti wa NaCMC ni amazi atari Newtonian, kandi ubushyuhe bwawo bugaragara buragabanuka iyo imbaraga zo gukata ziyongera. Nyuma yo gukangura byahagaze, ubushyuhe bwariyongereye mu buryo bungana kugeza igihe bugumye buhamye. Ni ukuvuga ko umuti ari thixotropic.
7. Uburyo bwo gukoresha selulose ya carboxymethyl
1. Inganda z'ubwubatsi n'iz'ibumba
(1) Irangi ry’ubwubatsi: rikwirakwira neza, rikwirakwira neza; nta mpande, rihamye neza; ingaruka nziza zo gukuba, ubukana bwo gusigwa bushobora guhinduka.
(2) Inganda za ceramic: zikoreshwa nk'icyuma gifunga ibintu kidafite ibara kugira ngo ibumba ry'ibumba rirusheho kuba ryiza; glaze iramba.
2. Inganda zikora isuku, amavuta yo kwisiga, itabi, icapiro ry'imyenda n'amabara
(1) Gukaraba: CMC yongerwa muri sabune kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwanda wogejwe wongera gushyirwa ku mwenda.
(2) Ibikoresho byo kwisiga: gukurura, gukwirakwiza, guhagarika, gushimangira, nibindi. Ni byiza guha agaciro kanini imiterere itandukanye y’ibikoresho byo kwisiga.
(3) Itabi: CMC ikoreshwa mu gushyiramo impapuro z'itabi, zishobora gukoresha neza ibishishwa no kugabanya ingano y'amababi y'itabi ribi.
(4) Imyenda: Nk'umuti urangiza imyenda, CMC ishobora kugabanya gusimbuka kw'ubudodo no kugabanya kwangirika kw'ubudodo ku myenda yihuta cyane.
(5) Gucapa no gusiga irangi: Ikoreshwa mu gucapa irangi, rishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gukamura no kwinjira mu marangi, rigatuma irangi rihinduka rimwe kandi rigagabanya itandukaniro ry'amabara.
3. Inganda zikora insinga zo gusudira n'izikora imibu
(1) Imigozi y'imibu: CMC ikoreshwa mu migozi y'imibu kugira ngo yongere imbaraga z'imigozi y'imibu kandi itume idacika cyangwa ngo ivunike.
(2) Electrode: CMC ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gikingira kugira ngo irangi rifatanye neza kandi rikoreshwe neza, hamwe n'imikorere myiza yo koza, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyuha mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
4. Inganda zikora imiti yo koza amenyo
(1) CMC ihura neza n'ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye biri mu muti w'amenyo;
(2) Ifuro ni iryoroshye, ntiritandukanya amazi, ntirikura, ntiribyimba, kandi rifite ifuro ryinshi;
(3) Gutuza neza no kugira imiterere ikwiye, bishobora gutuma amenyo y'amenyo agira imiterere myiza, agumana uburyohe bwiza kandi akagira uburyohe bwiza;
(4) Irwanya impinduka z'ubushyuhe, itera ubushyuhe kandi igatuma impumuro nziza ihinduka.
(5) Gukata no gukata imirizo mu macupa.
5. Inganda z'ibiribwa
(1) Ibinyobwa birimo aside: Urugero, nk'ibigabanya ubushyuhe no gukura kwa poroteyine muri yawurute bitewe no kwivanga; uburyohe bwiza nyuma yo gushonga mu mazi; uburyohe bwiza bwo gusimbuza.
(2) Ayisikrimu: Ikore amazi, ibinure, poroteyine, nibindi bivange bimwe, bitatanye kandi bihamye kugira ngo hirindwe kristu z'urubura.
(3) Umugati n'ifu: CMC ishobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ifu, kongera ubushuhe n'igihe cyo kubika umusaruro.
(4) Amakaroni y'ako kanya: yongera ubukana n'ubudahangarwa bw'amakaroni mu guteka; afite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza mu biscuit na pancake, kandi ubuso bwa keke buraryoshye kandi ntibyoroshye kuyamena.
(5) Umutsima w'ako kanya: nk'ishingiro ry'ishinya.
(6) CMC nta kintu na kimwe ikora mu mubiri kandi nta karubohize ifite. Kubwibyo, ibiryo bifite karubohize nkeya bishobora gukorwa.
6. Inganda z'impapuro
CMC ikoreshwa mu gupima impapuro, bigatuma impapuro zigira ubucucike bwinshi, wino idashobora kwinjira neza, ikusanya ishashi nyinshi kandi ikagira uburyohe. Mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi ku mpapuro, ifasha kugenzura uburyo ibara rizingira; ishobora kunoza uburyo ifatana hagati y’imyenda iri imbere mu mpapuro, bityo ikongera imbaraga n’ubudahangarwa bw’impapuro.
7. Inganda zikora ibikomoka kuri peteroli
CMC ikoreshwa mu gucukura peteroli na gaze, gucukura amariba n'indi mishinga.
8. Abandi
Ibikoresho byo gukodesha inkweto, ingofero, amakaramu, nibindi, irangi n'amabara ku ruhu, ibikomeza umuriro mu byuma bizimya umuriro bya foam, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-04-2023