1. He Kupu Whakataki Poto mō te Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Ingoa Ingarihi: Carboxyl methyl Cellulose
Whakarāpopototanga: CMC
He rerekē te tātai ngota: [C6H7O2(OH)2CH2COONa]n
Āhua: paura kirikiri muka mā, kōwhai mārama rānei.
Te wairewatanga wai: ngāwari te wairewa i roto i te wai, ka hanga he koroka matotoru mārama, ā, he kūpapa, he paku kawakore rānei te otinga.
Ngā Āhuatanga: He matū ngota ngota teitei o te colloid hohe o te mata, kāore he kakara, kāore he reka, ā, kāore he paitini.
He whānui te horapa o te cellulose tūturu i roto i te taiao, ā, koinei te polysaccharide tino nui. Engari i roto i te hanga, ko te cellulose te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te āhua o te sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, nō reira ko te ingoa katoa ko te sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ko te CMC-Na rānei. He whānui te whakamahinga i roto i te ahumahi, te hanga whare, te rongoā, te kai, te kakahu, te uku me ētahi atu mara.
2. Hangarau Carboxymethyl cellulose
Ko ngā hangarau whakarerekētanga o te cellulose ko: te etherification me te esterification.
Te whakawhiti o te carboxymethyl cellulose: te tauhohenga carboxymethylation i roto i te hangarau etherification, ka carboxymethylated te cellulose hei whiwhi i te carboxymethyl cellulose, e kiia nei ko te CMC.
Ngā mahi a te wairewa carboxymethyl cellulose: te whakamātotoru, te hanga kiriata, te here, te pupuri wai, te tiaki colloid, te whakaemulsification me te whakatārewatanga.
3. Tauhohenga matū o te carboxymethyl cellulose
Tauhohenga whakapūkara cellulose:
[C6H7O2(OH)3]n + nNaOH→[C6H7O2(OH)2ONa]n + nH2O
Ko te tauhohenga etherification o te waikawa monochloroacetic i muri i te cellulose alkali:
[C6H7O2(OH) 2ONa ]n + nClCH2COONa →[C6H7O2(OH) 2OCH2COONa ]n + nNaC
Nō reira: ko te tātai matū mō te hanga carboxymethyl cellulose ko: Cell-O-CH2-COONa NaCMC
Te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose(Ko te NaCMC, ko te CMC rānei te whakarapopototanga) he cellulose ether wairewa-wai e taea ai te whakarerekē i te matotoru o ngā whakatakotoranga otinga wai e whakamahia whānuitia ana mai i ētahi cP ki ngā mano cP.
4. Ngā āhuatanga hua o te carboxymethyl cellulose
1. Te rokiroki i te wairewa CMC: He pumau i raro i te pāmahana iti, i te rā rānei, engari ka rerekē te waikawa me te kawakore o te wairewa nā te huringa pāmahana. I raro i te awe o ngā hihi ultraviolet, o ngā moroiti rānei, ka heke te matotoru o te wairewa, ka pirau rānei. Mena e hiahiatia ana te rokiroki mō te wā roa, me tāpiri he matū tiaki e tika ana.
2. Tikanga whakarite mō te wairewa CMC: me whakamakuku ngā matūriki kia ōrite i te tuatahi, ka nui ake te tere o te whakarewatanga.
3. He waiora te CMC, ā, me tiaki i te makuku i te wā e rongoa ana.
4. Ka taea e ngā tote konganuku taumaha pērā i te konutea, te parahi, te mata, te konumohe, te hiriwa, te rino, te tine, me te chromium te whakapūpū i te CMC.
5. Ka puta te ua i roto i te wairewa i raro i te PH2.5, ka taea te whakahoki mai i muri i te whakakorenga mā te tāpiri i te kawakore.
6. Ahakoa kāore he pānga o ngā tote pēnei i te konupūmā, te konupora me te tote tēpu ki te CMC, ka whakaitihia e rātou te matotoru o te wairewa.
7. He hototahi te CMC me ētahi atu kāpia wairewa-wai, ngā whakangawari me ngā kapia.
8. Nā te tukatuka rerekē, ko te āhua o te CMC he paura pai, he witi matotoru, he muka rānei, kāore he pānga ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki.
9. He māmā noa te tikanga whakamahi i te paura CMC. Ka taea te tāpiri tika atu, ka whakarewaina ki te wai matao, ki te wai mahana rānei i te 40-50°C.
5. Te taumata o te whakakapinga me te wairewatanga o te carboxymethyl cellulose
Ko te tohu whakakapinga e pā ana ki te maha toharite o ngā rōpū konutai carboxymethyl e piri ana ki ia waeine cellulose; ko te uara mōrahi o te tohu whakakapinga ko te 3, engari ko te mea tino whai hua mō te ahumahi ko te NaCMC me te tohu whakakapinga e rerekē ana i waenga i te 0.5 ki te 1.2. He tino rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te NaCMC me te tohu whakakapinga o te 0.2-0.3 i ērā o te NaCMC me te tohu whakakapinga o te 0.7-0.8. Ko te mea tuatahi ka wairewa wāhanga noa iho i roto i te wai pH 7, engari ko te mea tuarua ka wairewa katoa. Ko te ritenga kē te pono i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore.
6. Te tohu polymerization me te matotoru o te carboxymethyl cellulose
Te nekehanga whakapūhui: e pā ana ki te roa o te mekameka cellulose, e whakatau ana i te matotoru. Ka roa ake te mekameka cellulose, ka nui ake te matotoru, ā, ka pērā anō hoki te otinga NaCMC.
Te Matatini: He wai ehara i te wai Newtonian te otinga NaCMC, ā, ka heke tōna matatini āhua ina piki ake te kaha kutikuti. I muri i te whakamutua o te whakaoho, ka piki ake te matatini kia rite ki te ōrite tae noa ki te noho pumau. Arā, he thixotropic te otinga.
7. Te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga o te carboxymethyl cellulose
1. Te hanga me te umanga uku
(1) Ngā paninga hoahoa: he pai te marara, he ōrite te tohatoha o te paninga; kāore he paparanga, he pai te pumau; he pai te pānga matotoru, he whakarerekētanga te matotoru o te paninga.
(2) Ahumahi uku: whakamahia hei herenga korekore hei whakapai ake i te kirihou o te uku uku; he kirikiri pakari.
2. Ngā ahumahi horoi, whakapaipai, tupeka, tā kakahu me te tae
(1) Te Horoi: Ka tāpirihia te CMC ki te hopi horoi hei ārai i te paru kua horoia kia kore ai e toe ki runga i te papanga.
(2) Ngā mea whakapaipai: te whakamātotoru, te whakamarara, te whakatarewa, te whakau, me ētahi atu. He mea pai te whakamahi katoa i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā mea whakapaipai.
(3) Tupeka: Ka whakamahia te CMC hei here i ngā rau tupeka, ka taea ai te whakamahi i ngā maramara me te whakaiti i te nui o ngā rau tupeka mata.
(4) Kakahu: Hei whakaoti i ngā kakahu, ka taea e te CMC te whakaiti i te pekepeke o te miro me te whati o te pito o ngā whatu tere-rahi.
(5) Te tā me te tae: Ka whakamahia hei tā i te whakapiri, ka taea te whakarei ake i te kaha o ngā tae ki te wai me te uru, ka ōrite te tae, ka whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te tae.
3. Te umanga koiri namu me te rākau whakarewa
(1) Ngā koiri waeroa: Ka whakamahia te CMC i roto i ngā koiri waeroa hei whakapakari i te pakari o ngā koiri waeroa, kia kore ai e pakaru, e whati rānei.
(2) Irahiko: Ka whakamahia te CMC hei mea whakakikorua hei whakapai ake i te piri me te hanga o te paninga uku, kia pai ake ai te mahi paraihe, ā, he pai hoki te mahi tahunga i ngā pāmahana teitei.
4. Te umanga parai niho
(1) He pai te hototahitanga o te CMC ki ngā rauemi mata maha i roto i te paraihe niho;
(2) He mātotoru te whakapiri, kāore e wehea te wai, kāore e tihore, kāore e matotoru, ā, he nui te pahuka;
(3) He pumau pai, he ōrite hoki, ka taea ai te hanga i te paraihe niho kia pai te āhua, kia mau tonu, kia tino reka hoki;
(4) Ātete ki ngā huringa pāmahana, te whakamakuku me te whakapūmau kakara.
(5) Te kutikuti iti me te tango i ngā hiku i roto i ngā kēne.
5. Ahumahi kai
(1) Ngā inu waikawa: Hei tauira, hei whakaū i te wai, hei ārai i te maturuturunga me te wehewehenga o ngā pūmua i roto i te miraka kawa nā te whakakotahitanga; he reka ake i muri i te rewa ki te wai; he pai te ōritetanga o te whakakapinga.
(2) Aihikirīmi: Mā te wai, te ngako, te pūmua, me ētahi atu ka hanga he ranunga ōrite, marara, pumau hoki hei karo i ngā tioata huka.
(3) Taro me te pēkana: Ka taea e te CMC te whakahaere i te matotoru o te paraoa pokepoke, te whakapai ake i te pupuri makuku me te roa o te oranga o te hua.
(4) Nūru tere: ka whakanui ake i te pakari me te ātete tunu o ngā nūru; he pai te āhua o te hanga i roto i ngā pihikete me ngā panikeke, ā, he maeneene te mata o te keke, ā, kāore e ngāwari te pakaru.
(5) Pāreti inamata: hei turanga kapia.
(6) Kāore te CMC i te whai kiko ā-tinana, ā, kāore he uara kaha. Nō reira, ka taea te whakaputa kai iti-kaha.
6. Ahumahi pepa
Ka whakamahia te CMC mō te rahi o te pepa, ā, ka nui te kiato o te pepa, ka ātete pai ki te urunga waituhi, ka nui te kohikohinga ware pi, ā, ka maeneene hoki. I roto i te tukanga tae pepa, ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te ngāwari o te hurihuri o te whakapiri tae; ka taea te whakapai ake i te āhua piri i waenga i ngā muka i roto i te pepa, ā, ka whakapai ake i te kaha me te ātete takai o te pepa.
7. Ahumahi hinu
E whakamahia ana te CMC i roto i te keri hinu me te hau, te keri poka me ētahi atu kaupapa.
8. Ētahi atu
Ngā piripiri mō ngā hū, ngā pōtae, ngā pene, me ētahi atu, ngā whakakanapa me ngā tae mō te hiako, ngā mea whakau mō ngā tinei ahi pahuka, me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-04-2023