Ko te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō me ētahi atu mea here kore-waro (pēnei i te sima, te raima kua pania, te gypsum, me ētahi atu) me ngā momo rauemi, ngā whakakī me ētahi atu tāpiri (pēnei i te methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, te māngaro ether, te lignocellulose, te kaihoko hydrophobic, me ētahi atu) hei whakaranu ā-tinana hei hanga moata maroke-whakaranu. Ina tāpirihia te moata maroke-whakaranu ki te wai, ā, ka whakaohokia, ka whakamararatia ngā matūriki paura rapa ki roto i te wai i raro i te mahi a te colloid tiaki hydrophilic me te kutikuti miihini. He poto rawa te wā e hiahiatia ana kia marara te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō, ā, he mea nui anō hoki tēnei tohu wā whakamarara anō hei tirotiro i tōna kounga. I te wā tīmatanga o te whakaranu, kua tīmata kē te paura rapa ki te pā ki te rheology me te mahi o te moata.
Nā te rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakarerekētanga o ia paura rapa kua wehea, he rerekē anō hoki tēnei pānga, ko ētahi he pānga āwhina-rere, ko ētahi he pānga thixotropy e piki haere ana. Ko te tikanga o tōna awe mai i ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te awe o te paura rapa ki te kaha o te wai i te wā e horapa ana, te awe o te matotoru rerekē o te paura rapa i muri i te horapa, te awe o te colloid tiaki, me te awe o te sima me ngā whitiki wai. Ko ngā awe ko te pikinga o te ihirangi hau i roto i te moata me te tohatoha o ngā mirumiru hau, me te awe o ōna ake tāpiri me te taunekeneke ki ētahi atu tāpiri. Nō reira, ko te whiriwhiri ritenga me te wehewehe i te paura rapa ka horapa anō he huarahi nui ki te pā ki te kounga hua. Ko te tirohanga whānui ko te paura rapa ka horapa anō ka whakanui ake i te ihirangi hau o te moata, ā, ka whakahinuhinu i te hanganga o te moata, me te kaha me te matotoru o te paura rapa, inā koa te colloid tiaki, ki te wai ina horapa. Ko te pikinga o te kukū ka āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te piri o te moata hanga, ā, ka whakapai ake i te mahi o te moata. Muri iho, ka pania te horapa paura rapa kei roto te moata maku ki runga i te mata mahi. I te whakahekenga o te wai i ngā taumata e toru – te mimiti o te paparanga turanga, te kai o te tauhohenga whakamakuku sima, me te mimiti o te wai mata ki te rangi, ka whakatata haere ngā matūriki kapia, ka hanumi haere ngā atanga, ā, ka huri hei kiriata pūmua tonu. Ko te nuinga o tēnei tukanga ka puta i roto i ngā pūwero o te moata me te mata o te totoka.
Me whakanui kia kore ai e taea te whakakore i tēnei tukanga, arā, ina tūtaki anō te kiriata pūmua ki te wai, kāore e marara anō, ā, me wehe te kōroiti tiaki o te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō mai i te pūnaha kiriata pūmua. Ehara tēnei i te raruraru i roto i te pūnaha moata sima kawakore, nā te mea ka whakapūmautia e te kawakore i hangaia e te whakamakuku sima, ā, i te wā kotahi, ka wehea mārire e te mimiti o ngā rauemi rite ki te kuata mai i te pūnaha, me te kore e tiakina e te pai o te wai. Ko ngā kōroiti, kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai, ā, i hangaia e te whakamararatanga kotahi o te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō, ka taea te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga maroke anake, engari i raro hoki i ngā āhuatanga rumaki wai mō te wā roa. I roto i ngā pūnaha kore-kawakore, pērā i ngā pūnaha gypsum, i ngā pūnaha rānei he whakakī anake, mō ētahi take kei te noho tonu te kōroiti tiaki i roto i te kiriata pūmua whakamutunga, e pā ana ki te ātete wai o te kiriata, engari nā te mea kāore ēnei pūnaha e whakamahia ana mō te rumaki roa ki roto i te wai, ā, kei te mau tonu ngā āhuatanga miihini ahurei o te pūmua, kāore e pā ki te tono o te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō i roto i ēnei pūnaha.
I te hanganga o te kiriata pūmua whakamutunga, ka hangaia he pūnaha anga i hangaia mai i ngā here kore-waro me ngā here waro i roto i te moata kua rongoatia, arā, ka hangaia e te rauemi waipēhi he anga pakarukaru me te mārō, ā, ka hangaia e te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō he kiriata i waenganui i te āputa me te mata totoka. He hononga ngāwari. Ka taea te whakaaro ko tēnei momo hononga he hononga ki te angaanga mārō e ngā puna iti maha. Nā te mea ko te kaha kume o te kiriata kapia pūmua i hangaia e te paura rapa he nui ake i te kaha o ngā rauemi waipēhi, ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha o te moata tonu, arā, ka pai ake te piri. Nā te mea he nui ake te ngāwari me te āhua o te pūmua i te hanganga mārō pērā i te sima, ka pai ake te āhua o te moata, ā, ka tino pai ake te pānga o te ahotea whakamarara, ā, ka pai ake te ātete pakaru o te moata.
Wā tuku: Maehe-07-2023