I-Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,I-CMCIintlobo ze-cellulose (i-Carboxymethyl, i-Cellulose, i-Sodium salt ye-Caboxy Methyl) zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zininzi kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
I-CMC-Na ngamafutshane, sisiphumo se-cellulose esine-glucose polymerization degree ye-100-2000, kunye nobunzima be-molecular obuyi-242.16. Umgubo omhlophe one-fibrous okanye i-granular. Awunavumba, awunancasa, awunancasa, awuna-hygroscopic, awunyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic.
Iipropati ezisisiseko
1. Ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli yesodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Yaqala ukuveliswa yiJamani ngo-1918, yaza yanikwa ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-1921 yaza yavela kwihlabathi liphela. Imveliso yorhwebo ukususela ngoko iye yaphunyezwa eYurophu. Ngelo xesha, yayiyimveliso ekrwada kuphela, esetyenziswa njenge-colloid kunye ne-binder. Ukususela ngo-1936 ukuya ku-1941, uphando lwesicelo se-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose lwalusebenza kakhulu, kwaye kwaveliswa amalungelo obunikazi aliqela akhuthazayo. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iJamani yasebenzisa i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose kwiisepha zokwenziwa. IHercules yenza i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose okokuqala eMelika ngo-1943, yaza yavelisa i-sodium carboxymethylcellulose ecociweyo ngo-1946, eyaqatshelwa njengesongezo sokutya esikhuselekileyo. Ilizwe lam laqala ukuyifumana ngeminyaka yoo-1970, kwaye yasetyenziswa kakhulu ngeminyaka yoo-1990. Yeyona cellulose isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye yeyona ininzi ehlabathini namhlanje.
Ifomula yolwakhiwo: C6H7O2 (OH) 2OCH2COONa Ifomula yemolekyuli: C8H11O7Na
Le mveliso yityuwa yesodium ye-cellulose carboxymethyl ether, i-anionic fiber
2. Inkangeleko ye-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Le mveliso yityuwa yesodium ye-cellulose carboxymethyl ether, i-anionic cellulose ether, umgubo omhlophe okanye omhlophe one-fibrous okanye i-granule, ubuninzi obuyi-0.5-0.7 g/cm3, phantse ayinavumba, ayinancasa, ayi-hygroscopic. Kulula ukuyisasaza emanzini ukuze yenze isisombululo se-colloidal esicacileyo, kwaye ayinyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-ethanol [1]. I-pH yesisombululo samanzi esiyi-1% yi-6.5-8.5, xa i-pH ingaphezulu kwe-10 okanye ingaphantsi kwe-5, i-viscosity ye-mucilage iyancipha kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kungcono xa i-pH = 7. Izinzile ekufudumaleni, i-viscosity inyuka ngokukhawuleza ngaphantsi kwe-20°C, kwaye itshintsha kancinci kwi-45°C. Ukufudumala ixesha elide ngaphezulu kwe-80°C kunokunciphisa i-colloid kwaye kunciphise kakhulu i-viscosity kunye nokusebenza. Inyibilika lula emanzini, kwaye isisombululo sicacile; Izinzile kakhulu kwisisombululo se-alkaline, kodwa inyibilikiswa lula xa idibana ne-asidi, kwaye iya kuncipha xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-2-3, kwaye iya kusabela nakwityuwa zesinyithi ezi-polyvalent.
Injongo ephambili
Isetyenziswa njengesithambisi kwishishini lokutya, njengomthwali wamayeza kwishishini lamayeza, kwaye njenge-binder kunye ne-anti-redeposition agent kwishishini leekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla. Kwishishini lokuprinta nokudaya, isetyenziswa njenge-colloid ekhuselayo yee-agents zokulinganisa kunye nee-pastes zokuprinta. Kwishishini le-petrochemical, ingasetyenziswa njengenxalenye ye-oil recovery fracturing fluid. [2]
Ukungahambelani
I-sodium carboxymethylcellulose ayihambelani nezisombululo ze-asidi enamandla, iityuwa zesinyithi ezinyibilikayo, kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezifana ne-aluminium, i-mercury, kunye ne-zinc. Xa i-pH ingaphantsi kwe-2, kwaye xa ixutywe ne-95% ye-ethanol, kuya kubakho imvula.
I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose inokwenza ii-co-agglomerates kunye ne-gelatin kunye ne-pectin, kwaye inokwenza ii-complexes ezine-collagen, ezinokubangela iiproteni ezithile ezitshajiweyo kakuhle.
umsebenzi wezandla
I-CMC idla ngokuba yi-anionic polymer compound elungiselelwe ngokuphendula i-cellulose yendalo nge-caustic alkali kunye ne-monochloroacetic acid, enobunzima be-molecular obuyi-6400 (± 1 000). Iimveliso eziphambili yi-sodium chloride kunye ne-sodium glycolate. I-CMC yeye-natural cellulose modification. I-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (FAO) kunye ne-World Health Organisation (WHO) bayibize ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "i-modified cellulose".
Izalathisi eziphambili zokulinganisa umgangatho we-CMC zizidanga zokutshintshwa (DS) kunye nobunyulu. Ngokubanzi, iipropati ze-CMC zahlukile ukuba i-DS yahlukile; okukhona izinga lokutshintshwa liphezulu, kokukhona ukunyibilika kuqina, kwaye kokukhona ukucaca kunye nokuzinza kwesisombululo kungcono. Ngokweengxelo, ukucaca kwe-CMC kungcono xa izinga lokutshintshwa liyi-0.7-1.2, kwaye i-viscosity yesisombululo sayo samanzi inkulu xa ixabiso le-pH liyi-6-9. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wayo, ukongeza ekukhetheni iarhente ye-etherification, ezinye izinto ezichaphazela izinga lokutshintshwa kunye nobunyulu nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, njengobudlelwane phakathi kobungakanani be-alkali kunye nearhente ye-etherification, ixesha le-etherification, umxholo wamanzi kwinkqubo, ubushushu, ixabiso le-pH, uxinaniso lwesisombululo kunye netyuwa njl.
bume bento
Ukuze kusonjululwe ukunqongophala kwezinto eziluhlaza (umqhaphu ocociweyo owenziwe ngee-cotton linters), kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amanye amacandelo ophando lwesayensi kwilizwe lam asebenzisane namashishini ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo i-rayisi straw, umqhaphu ocoliweyo (umqhaphu olahliweyo), kunye ne-bean curd dregs ukuvelisa i-CMC ngempumelelo. Iindleko zemveliso zincitshisiwe kakhulu, nto leyo evula umthombo omtsha wezinto eziluhlaza zemveliso ye-CMC kwimizi-mveliso kwaye ifezekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo. Kwelinye icala, iindleko zemveliso zincitshisiwe, kwaye kwelinye icala, i-CMC iphuhlisa ukuya ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu. Uphando nophuhliso lwe-CMC lugxile kakhulu ekuguqulweni kwetekhnoloji yemveliso ekhoyo kunye notshintsho lwenkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye neemveliso ezintsha ze-CMC ezineempawu ezizodwa, njengenkqubo "ye-solvent-slurry method" [3] ephuhliswe ngempumelelo kwamanye amazwe kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu. Uhlobo olutsha lwe-CMC eguquliweyo enozinzo oluphezulu luyenziwa. Ngenxa yenqanaba eliphezulu lokutshintsha kunye nokusasazwa okufanayo kwezinto ezitshintshayo, ingasetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweendawo zemveliso kwimizi-mveliso kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa ezintsonkothileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo eziphezulu. Kumazwe ngamazwe, olu hlobo lutsha lwe-modified CMC lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-“polyanionic cellulose (PAC, Poly anionic cellulose)”.
ukhuseleko
Ukhuseleko oluphezulu, i-ADI ayidingi migaqo, kwaye imigangatho yesizwe yenziwe [4].
isicelo
Le mveliso inemisebenzi yokubopha, ukuqinisa, ukuqinisa, ukuxuba, ukugcina amanzi kunye nokumiswa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC ekutyeni
I-FAO kunye ne-WHO zivumile ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC ecocekileyo ekutyeni. Yavunywa emva kophando oluqinileyo lwebhayoloji kunye novavanyo lwetyhefu. Umlinganiselo okhuselekileyo wokutya (ADI) womgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe yi-25mg/(kg·d), oko kukuthi malunga ne-1.5 g/d ngomntu ngamnye. Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba abanye abantu abazange babe nefuthe elinobuthi xa umthamo ufikelela kwi-10 kg. I-CMC ayisiyonto nje yokuqinisa i-emulsification kunye ne-thickener kwizicelo zokutya, kodwa ikwanozinzo oluhle kakhulu lokuqandisa nokunyibilika, kwaye inokuphucula incasa yemveliso kwaye yandise ixesha lokugcina. Ubungakanani obusetyenziswa kubisi lwesoya, i-ayisikhrim, i-ayisikhrim, ijeli, iziselo, kunye neetini bumalunga ne-1% ukuya kwi-1.5%. I-CMC inokwenza i-emulsified dispersion eqinileyo kunye neviniga, isosi yesoya, ioyile yemifuno, ijusi yeziqhamo, i-gravy, ijusi yemifuno, njl.njl., kwaye umthamo yi-0.2% ukuya kwi-0.5%. Ingakumbi, inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-emulsifying kwioyile zezilwanyana kunye nemifuno, iiproteni kunye nezisombululo zamanzi, okwenza ukuba yenze i-emulsion efanayo kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo. Ngenxa yokhuseleko nobuchule bayo, idosi yayo ayithintelwanga ngumgangatho wesizwe wococeko lokutya i-ADI. I-CMC ibisoloko iphuhliswa kwicandelo lokutya, kwaye uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium carboxymethylcellulose kwimveliso yewayini nalo luye lwenziwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC kunyango
Kwishishini lamayeza, ingasetyenziswa njenge-emulsion stabilizer kwiinaliti, i-binder kunye ne-arhente yokwenza ifilimu kwiipilisi. Abanye abantu baye bangqina ukuba i-CMC ngumthwali wamayeza omhlaza okhuselekileyo nothembekileyo ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezisisiseko nezezilwanyana. Ukusebenzisa i-CMC njengezinto ze-membrane, uhlobo lomthamo oluguquliweyo lweyeza lendabuko laseTshayina iYangyin Shengji Powder, iYangyin Shengji Membrane, ingasetyenziselwa amanxeba otyando lwe-dermabrasion kunye namanxeba okwenzakala. Izifundo zemodeli yezilwanyana zibonise ukuba ifilimu ithintela usulelo lwenxeba kwaye ayinamahluko abalulekileyo kwii-gauze dressings. Ngokuphathelele ukulawula ukuphuma kolwelo kwizicubu zenxeba kunye nokuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza kwenxeba, le filimu ingcono kakhulu kune-gauze dressings, kwaye inefuthe lokunciphisa ukudumba emva kotyando kunye nokucaphuka kwenxeba. Ukulungiswa kwefilimu eyenziwe nge-polyvinyl alcohol: i-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: i-polycarboxyethylene kwi-ratio ye-3:6:1 yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango, kwaye izinga lokunamathela kunye nokukhululwa zombini ziyanda. Ukunamathela kolungiselelo, ixesha lokuhlala kolungiselelo emlonyeni kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweyeza kulungiselelo zonke ziphuculwe kakhulu. I-Bupivacaine sisithomalalisi sendawo esinamandla, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sinokuvelisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zentliziyo xa ityiwe. Ke ngoko, nangona i-bupivacaine isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizonyango, uphando malunga nokuthintela kunye nokunyanga iimpendulo zayo ezinobungozi luhlala lunikwa ingqalelo engakumbi. Izifundo ze-Pharmacological zibonise ukuba i-CIVIC njengento ekhutshwa rhoqo eyenziwe ngesisombululo se-bupivacaine inokunciphisa kakhulu iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeziyobisi. Kutyando lwe-PRK, ukusetyenziswa kwe-tetracaine engaphantsi koxinzelelo kunye namayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory adityaniswe ne-CMC kunokunciphisa kakhulu iintlungu emva kotyando. Ukuthintela ukunamathela kwe-peritoneal emva kotyando kunye nokunciphisa ukuvaleka kwamathumbu yenye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kutyando lweklinikhi. Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-CMC ingcono kakhulu kune-sodium hyaluronate ekunciphiseni izinga lokunamathela kwe-peritoneal emva kotyando, kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengendlela esebenzayo yokuthintela ukwenzeka kokunamathela kwe-peritoneal. I-CMC isetyenziswa kwi-catheter hepatic arterial infusion yamayeza alwa nomhlaza kunyango lomhlaza wesibindi, nto leyo enokwandisa kakhulu ixesha lokuhlala kwamayeza alwa nomhlaza kwiithumba, yonyuse amandla okulwa ne-tumor, kwaye iphucule isiphumo sonyango. Kwizonyango zezilwanyana, i-CMC ikwanokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuye kwaxelwa [5] ukuba ukufakwa kwesisombululo se-CMC esingu-1% ngaphakathi kwesisu kwiimazi kunefuthe elikhulu ekuthinteleni i-dystocia kunye nokunamathela esiswini emva kotyando lokuzala kwimfuyo.
I-CMC kwezinye izicelo zoshishino
Kwiisepha, i-CMC ingasetyenziswa njengearhente yokulwa nokuguqulwa komhlaba, ingakumbi kumalaphu efayibha yokwenziwa e-hydrophobic, nto leyo ingcono kakhulu kunefayibha ye-carboxymethyl.
I-CMC ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela imigodi yeoyile njengesithinteli sodaka kunye nearhente yokugcina amanzi ekubholeni ioyile. Umlinganiselo wemigodi yeoyile nganye yi-2.3t kwimigodi enganzulu kunye ne-5.6t kwimigodi enzulu;
Kwishishini lempahla, isetyenziswa njengearhente yokulinganisa ubungakanani, isithambisi sokuprinta nokudaya intlama, ukuprinta impahla kunye nokugqiba ukuqina. Xa isetyenziswa njengearhente yokulinganisa ubungakanani, inokuphucula ukunyibilika kunye ne-viscosity, kwaye kulula ukuyisusa; njengearhente yokuqinisa, idosi yayo ingaphezulu kwe-95%; xa isetyenziswa njengearhente yokulinganisa ubungakanani, amandla kunye nokuguquguquka kwefilimu yobukhulu kuphucuka kakhulu; nge-fibroin yesilika ehlaziyiweyo. I-membrane edibeneyo eyenziwe yi-carboxymethyl cellulose isetyenziswa njenge-matrix yokuthintela ukuhamba kwe-glucose oxidase, kwaye i-glucose oxidase kunye ne-ferrocene carboxylate azishukumi, kwaye i-glucose biosensor eyenziweyo inovakalelo oluphezulu kunye nozinzo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba xa i-silica gel homogenate ilungiswa ngesisombululo se-CMC esinoxinzelelo olumalunga ne-1% (w/v), ukusebenza kwe-chromatographic yeplate yomaleko omncinci olungiselelweyo yeyona ilungileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, iplate yomaleko omncinci egqunywe phantsi kweemeko ezilungisiweyo inamandla afanelekileyo omaleko, afanelekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha iisampulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa. I-CMC inamathela kwiifayibha ezininzi kwaye inokuphucula ukubopha phakathi kweefayibha. Uzinzo lwe-viscosity yayo lunokuqinisekisa ukufana kobukhulu, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuluka. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokugqiba amalaphu, ngakumbi ekugqityweni okuhlala ixesha elide okulwa nemibimbi, okuzisa utshintsho oluhlala ixesha elide kumalaphu.
I-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokulwa nokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma, i-emulsifier, i-dispersant, i-arhente yokulinganisa, kunye ne-glue kwiingubo. Ingenza umxholo oqinileyo wengubo usasazwe ngokulinganayo kwi-solvent, ukuze ingubo ingasuki ixesha elide. Ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipeyinti.
Xa i-CMC isetyenziswa njenge-flocculant, isebenza ngcono kune-sodium gluconate ekususeni i-calcium ions. Xa isetyenziswa njenge-cation exchange, amandla ayo okutshintshiselana angafikelela kwi-1.6 ml/g.
I-CMC isetyenziswa njengearhente yokulinganisa amaphepha kwishishini lephepha, nto leyo enokuphucula kakhulu amandla omileyo kunye namandla okumanzi ephepha, kunye nokumelana neoyile, ukufunxwa kwe-inki kunye nokumelana namanzi.
I-CMC isetyenziswa njenge-hydrosol kwizinto zokuthambisa kunye ne-thickener kwi-toothpaste, kwaye idosi yayo imalunga ne-5%.
I-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-flocculant, i-chelating agent, i-emulsifier, i-thickener, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-arhente yokulinganisa, izinto zokwenza ifilimu, njl.njl., kwaye ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-elektroniki, kwi-pesticides, kwi-leather, kwi-plastics, kwi-printing, kwi-ceramics, kwi-toothpaste, kwiikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla nakwamanye amasimi, kwaye ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, ihlala ivula amasimi amatsha okusetyenziswa, kwaye amathuba emarike abanzi kakhulu.
Ukulumkela
(1) Ukuhambelana kwale mveliso ne-asidi enamandla, i-alkali enamandla, kunye nee-ion zesinyithi ezinzima (ezifana ne-aluminium, i-zinc, i-mercury, isilivere, isinyithi, njl.njl.) kuyachaswa.
(2) Umthamo ovumelekileyo wale mveliso yi-0-25mg/kg·d.
Imiyalelo
Xuba i-CMC ngqo namanzi ukuze wenze iglue emnandi ukuze isetyenziswe kamva. Xa ulungiselela iglue ye-CMC, qala ngokongeza inani elithile lamanzi acocekileyo kwi-batching tank ngesixhobo sokuxuba, kwaye xa isixhobo sokuxuba sivuliwe, fafaza i-CMC kancinci nangokulinganayo kwi-batching tank, uvuselela rhoqo, ukuze i-CMC idityaniswe ngokupheleleyo namanzi, i-CMC inyibilike ngokupheleleyo. Xa inyibilikisa i-CMC, isizathu sokuba itshizwe ngokulinganayo kwaye ixutywe rhoqo kukuthintela iingxaki zokuhlanganisana, ukuhlanganisana, kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani be-CMC enyibilikisiweyo xa i-CMC idibana namanzi", kunye nokunyusa izinga lokunyibilika kwe-CMC. Ixesha lokuxuba alifani nexesha le-CMC enyibilika ngokupheleleyo. Ziingcamango ezimbini. Ngokubanzi, ixesha lokuxuba lifutshane kakhulu kunexesha le-CMC enyibilika ngokupheleleyo. Ixesha elifunekayo kwezi zimbini lixhomekeke kwimeko ethile.
Isiseko sokumisela ixesha lokuvuselela sisi: xaI-CMCisasazeke ngokulinganayo emanzini kwaye akukho ziqhuma zibonakalayo zikhulu, ukuxubana kunokumiswa, okuvumela i-CMC namanzi ukuba angene aze adibane xa emile.
Isiseko sokumisela ixesha elifunekayo ukuze i-CMC ichitheke ngokupheleleyo sesi silandelayo:
(1) I-CMC namanzi zidibene ngokupheleleyo, kwaye akukho kwahlukana kolwelo oluqinileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini;
(2) Intlama exutyiweyo ikwimeko efanayo, kwaye umphezulu uthe tyaba kwaye uthambile;
(3) Umbala wentlama exutyiweyo uphantse ungabi nambala kwaye ucacile, kwaye akukho zinto zijijekileyo kwintlama. Ukususela kwixesha apho i-CMC ifakwa kwi-batching tank kwaye ixutywe namanzi ukuya kwixesha apho i-CMC inyibilike ngokupheleleyo, ixesha elifunekayo liphakathi kweeyure ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-26-2024